Select Committee · Home Affairs Committee

The Windrush Compensation Scheme

Status: Closed Opened: 18 Nov 2020 Closed: 1 Feb 2024 15 recommendations 73 conclusions 1 report

This inquiry will examine the design and implementation of the Windrush Compensation Scheme and the support that is provided to individuals through the ‘Windrush Scheme: support in exceptional circumstances’ policy. It aims to understand whether these schemes are operating effectively for people who apply and whether changes are needed so that people who apply feel …

Clear

Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensation Scheme HC 204 24 Nov 2021 88 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

38 items
1 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Windrush Compensation Scheme shows critically low application and payment rates.

We are deeply concerned that, as of the end of September, only 20.1% of the initially estimated 15,000 eligible claimants have applied to the scheme and only 5.8% have received any compensation. The troublingly low level of applications and payments are evidence enough that the scheme has not worked as …

Government response. The government highlights improvements made to the scheme since December 2020 and states it will consider any further recommendations once received from Wendy Williams' ongoing review of the Windrush Lessons Learned Review.
Home Office
2 Recommendation Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Urge Wendy Williams to review Windrush Compensation Scheme as part of Home Office progress.

Many people who have applied for compensation have yet to receive a penny and we have heard too many stories of people struggling with impossible demands for evidence, poor communication from the Home Office and a lack of understanding of the issues they faced. For some, the experience of applying …

Government response. The government's response focuses on its revised planning assumption for the number of eligible claims, stating it now estimates between 4,000 and 6,000, without directly addressing the committee's concerns about the difficulties of the application process.
Home Office
3 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Home Office estimates for Windrush compensation claimants are flawed and insufficient.

We are troubled that over four times as many people have had their status or citizenship confirmed under the Windrush Scheme as have applied for compensation, and we are concerned that the Home Office is lowering its estimates of the total number of potential claimants based on the low level …

Government response. The government's response argues against transferring the Windrush Compensation Scheme to another organisation, citing potential delays, hardship, and data security concerns, and highlights existing internal and external scrutiny mechanisms.
Home Office
7 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Home Office administration of Windrush compensation undermines public confidence and trust

It would have been far better for establishing trust if the compensation scheme had been administered independently from the Home Office from the start, as many Windrush campaigners have called for. By keeping the compensation scheme within the very Department that caused the Windrush scandal, the Government has undermined confidence …

Government response. The government explains that the Historical Cases Review was not intended to identify all affected individuals and argues against extending it further due to cost and inefficiency, stating efforts are instead focused on outreach and engagement.
Home Office
8 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Independent administration necessary to increase trust in Windrush compensation scheme

In order to increase trust and encourage more applicants, we believe that the scheme should be transferred to an independent organisation.

Government response. The government does not address the recommendation to transfer the scheme to an independent organisation, instead focusing on its ongoing outreach and engagement events, which have moved to digital platforms during the pandemic.
Home Office
12 Recommendation Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Publish Windrush compensation data every six months, including impact on life payments

We welcome the recent publication of data on full and final offers. The Home Office should publish this data at least every six months; it should also publish data on the number of full and final impact on life payments made at each level of award. (Paragraph 43) Proactively identifying …

Government response. The government's response focuses on its past and ongoing outreach and engagement efforts to various communities, including evaluation of these initiatives, rather than addressing the recommendation to publish specific data on full and final compensation offers.
Home Office
14 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Windrush Scheme recipients should have been offered compensation application support.

All those who received help from the Windrush Scheme to get their papers and documentation resolved should have been contacted and offered help with applying for the Windrush Compensation Scheme.

Government response. The government commits to rapidly expanding the Compensation Scheme team to increase casework capacity and speed up claim processing, but does not address the recommendation to proactively contact specific individuals who received help with documentation to offer compensation application support.
Home Office
15 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Clarify proactive Windrush compensation outreach and re-contact affected individuals.

The Home Office should clarify how many of those 13,800 people were proactively contacted and offered support to apply for compensation as well. It should contact them again to ensure they have full information about the changes to the compensation scheme and the help available to apply.

Government response. The government provides statistics on applications and offers made, and states it has changed its monthly transparency data publication to include more detail on offers and case age. However, it does not clarify how many of the 13,800 people were …
Home Office
16 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Explain risk mitigation for historical cases review and share widening costs.

The Home Office should also explain clearly how it has considered and is seeking to mitigate any risks it identified when making the decision not to broaden the scope of its historical cases review, including but not limited to the risk of failing to identify non-Caribbean Commonwealth nationals who may …

Government response. The government states the Windrush Compensation Scheme is open for applications and that it is unable to directly identify individuals who have not made contact, thereby sidestepping the request to explain risk mitigation for not broadening the historical cases review …
Home Office
17 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Digital engagement methods less effective for reaching Windrush cohort.

We share claimants’ and their representatives’ concerns that digital engagement events and advertising may be less effective in reaching this cohort.

Government response. The government provides an extensive list of improvements made to the Windrush Compensation Scheme since December 2020, including increased award values, simplified processes, and funded claimant assistance, but does not directly address the committee's concern about the effectiveness of digital …
Home Office
18 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Commence planning for extensive face-to-face Windrush engagement events.

As restrictions are lifted, planning and preparations must commence to ensure that the Department is ready to launch a new and extensive programme of face-to-face engagement events as soon as it is safe to do so. (Paragraph 59) 90 The Windrush Compensation Scheme Grassroots campaign

Government response. The government outlines a package of support for individuals claiming on behalf of deceased relatives, including reimbursement of probate fees and legal advice costs, but does not address the recommendation to plan for new face-to-face engagement events as restrictions lift.
Home Office
20 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Explore innovative ways for the Home Office to reach Windrush communities.

The Home Office should look at more innovative ways of reaching communities, for instance video guides.

Government response. The government states it has introduced a direct referral to We Are Digital for claimant assistance and monitors this support, but does not address the recommendation to explore more innovative ways of reaching communities, such as video guides.
Home Office
23 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Collect data on how Windrush Compensation Scheme applicants heard about it.

When individuals apply for the Windrush Compensation Scheme, the Department should collect data on how they heard about it. This would allow for proper evaluation of their outreach work and help decide where more resources should be targeted. (Paragraph 69) Reaching all affected communities

Government response. The government response details the internal processes for embedding changes to the standard of proof, including staff training, quality assurance, case conferences, and independent review mechanisms, without addressing the recommendation to collect data on how claimants heard about the scheme.
Home Office
25 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Home Office failures caused significant and avoidable delays in Windrush compensation payments.

Given that the Windrush Compensation Scheme was set up to right the wrongs done by the Home Office to a predominantly older generation, many of whom had suffered considerable hardship as a result, there should have been a clear focus from the start on ensuring that compensation could be paid …

Government response. The government response details the "Impact on Life" compensation category, explaining its payment levels from £10,000 to over £100,000, the minimum £10,000 payment introduced by recent changes, and the public availability of casework guidance. It does not address the delays …
Home Office
26 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Home Office progress on Windrush application and casework remains too slow.

We welcome the reviews the Department is now undertaking to get to grips with the application and casework process and the plans to increase casework capacity further. However, we believe it has taken far too long for this to happen given the concerns—such as the evidential requirements of the scheme—which …

Government response. The government explains its approach to using medical evidence in decision-making, stating that it does not routinely seek expert medical advice to avoid delays and that it is committed to establishing a process for customers to obtain expert medical evidence …
Home Office
27 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Comprehensive workflow analysis required to address Windrush scheme delays and inefficiencies.

The Home Office must build on the work of the NAO and undertake a comprehensive analysis of its current workflow system to identify precisely where and why bottlenecks, backward steps, inefficient processes and slow decisions are occurring. It must interrogate these findings rigorously and be prepared to act swiftly and …

Government response. The government explains its calculation method for loss of employment compensation, including pegging the tariff to the 2017 National Living Wage, and states that arrangements are being finalised across government to correct National Insurance positions for State Pension entitlement.
Home Office
28 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Urgent improvements needed for Windrush performance management, capacity, and staffing.

The Department must act urgently to improve its performance management information and clarify its casework capacity and staffing needs, ensuring that casework capacity is expanded as quickly as possible. The Department should share its findings and the actions it is taking to address them with this Committee. It should provide …

Government response. The government explains that caseworkers are trained to holistically assess claims, accepting various forms of information like impact statements, and that compensation is not declined solely due to a lack of documentation.
Home Office
29 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Windrush scheme data needs to include specific metrics on offers and claim durations.

The Home Office should clarify what progress it made on processing cases submitted prior to 14 December 2020 between 14 December 2020 and 31 March 2021; additionally, going forwards, the scheme data it publishes monthly should include: the number of offers made; whether offers are interim, preliminary or final, and …

Government response. The government states it is reviewing its approach to payments made by claimants seeking to prove lawful status through charged immigration applications, without addressing the request for specific scheme data and progress metrics.
Home Office
30 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Preliminary Windrush impact on life awards welcomed but insufficient given claimant needs.

Whilst we strongly welcome the introduction of the preliminary payment for impact on life, we are disappointed by the Home Office’s estimate that only 40–50% of claimants will benefit from it. It is right that the Home Office created a mechanism to accelerate payments in light of unacceptable delays, but …

Government response. The government refers the Committee to its response for recommendation 29, thereby avoiding addressing the substance of this recommendation concerning the adequacy and scope of preliminary payments for impact on life.
Home Office
31 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

£10,000 preliminary Windrush award should be provided to all acknowledged victims.

The Home Office should provide the preliminary £10,000 impact on life award to all those the Department has previously acknowledged were wrongly subjected to immigration enforcement measures or were wrongly denied proof of their lawful status as a result of the Windrush scandal. The award should be issued irrespective of …

Government response. The government's response focuses on compensating legal fees up to £500 for immigration applications, rather than addressing the recommendation for a preliminary £10,000 impact on life award.
Home Office
36 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Claimants facing long delays deserve to know where their claim is in the process and...

Claimants facing long delays deserve to know where their claim is in the process and to understand what progress has been and is currently being made on their claim. Updates should be substantive and all communications must maximise opportunities to make further progress. (Paragraph 111) Changes to the application form …

Government response. The government's response clarified how awards are decided for individuals wrongly prevented from returning to the UK, stating that published rules and guidance apply, but did not address the recommendation for substantive updates and communication on claim progress.
Home Office
38 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Reissuing the claim form guidance in plain English is a welcome first step in improving...

Reissuing the claim form guidance in plain English is a welcome first step in improving the application process, but the Department must continually be aware that the demands of this form may still represent a significant challenge to this cohort, many of whom may be vulnerable. As we were told …

Government response. The government's response detailed its policy on how severe criminal behaviour affects compensation eligibility and the reduction or denial of 'Impact on Life' awards, entirely unrelated to the recommendation about application support.
Home Office
41 Recommendation Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

We urge the Home Office to enable We Are Digital to book as many additional...

We urge the Home Office to enable We Are Digital to book as many additional support sessions for claimants as are needed and to monitor feedback from claimants carefully to ensure any gaps in support are identified. We believe that the service provided by We Are Digital should complement rather …

Government response. The government response focuses on existing urgent financial support processes and plans to support further training for caseworkers to gather information more efficiently, but does not address enabling 'We Are Digital' for additional support sessions or ensuring the service complements …
Home Office
42 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

There are strong arguments for facilitating access to legal advice for people who wish to...

There are strong arguments for facilitating access to legal advice for people who wish to seek help with their claim. Having access to funded legal representation may help more people to feel confident accessing and engaging with the scheme. It would also facilitate a greater number of comprehensive, well-ordered claims …

Government response. The government response discusses the cap-less nature of Urgent and Exceptional Payments and updated guidance on information sharing for these payments, but does not address the recommendation for facilitating access to funded legal representation for claimants.
Home Office
43 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

We do not believe that the limited service provided by We Are Digital is sufficient...

We do not believe that the limited service provided by We Are Digital is sufficient to obviate the need for specialist legal advice. We therefore urge the Home Office to introduce new arrangements to ensure that everyone who wishes to access legal assistance with their claim is able to do …

Government response. The government response details the Urgent and Exceptional Payments policy, its publication, and the update to decision letters to clarify that such payments may be deducted from future compensation awards, but does not address the need for new arrangements for …
Home Office
44 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Home Office's insistence on higher proof standards demonstrates failure to learn from Windrush.

We agree with Mr Forde that the higher standard of proof had no place in this scheme: its inclusion has damaged trust significantly and demonstrates a serious lack of understanding by the Home Office as to what caused the Windrush scandal in the first place. We are deeply concerned that, …

Government response. The government commits to working with data colleagues to publish Urgent and Exceptional Payment and Vulnerable Persons Team data, and will consider formalising customer feedback capture and clarifying the team's work, but does not address the issues of the higher …
Home Office
47 Recommendation Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Urgently publish the equalities impact assessment for the Windrush Compensation Scheme.

Given the concerns about the Department’s understanding of the eligible cohort and the difficulties with obtaining documentary evidence, in the interest of transparency we further recommend that the Home Office urgently publishes its equalities impact assessment for the Windrush Compensation Scheme. (Paragraph 157) Impact on life

Government response. The government response outlines its existing two-stage review process for compensation claims and clarifies the criteria for preliminary payments, but does not address the recommendation to publish the equalities impact assessment for the scheme.
Home Office
54 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Windrush Compensation Scheme unfairly excludes certain immigration applications, penalising individuals for good faith efforts.

The Windrush Lessons Learned Review demonstrates the difficulties the Windrush generation faced when trying to navigate the immigration system. The exclusion of some immigration applications from the Windrush Compensation Scheme unfairly penalises individuals who have incurred considerable losses through making immigration applications in good faith to try and resolve the …

Government response. The government is reviewing its approach to compensating payments made by claimants for charged immigration applications used to prove lawful status.
Home Office
55 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Claimants should be entitled to compensation for immigration applications made seeking lawful status.

Claimants should be entitled to receive compensation for any immigration application they made whilst seeking documentation to prove their lawful status.

Government response. The government is reviewing its policy regarding payments made by claimants for charged immigration applications while seeking to prove lawful status.
Home Office
56 Recommendation Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Review decision not to refund claimants for fees paid for successful citizenship and ILR.

The Home Office should review its decision not to refund any claimants for past fees paid for successful citizenship and Indefinite Leave to Remain.

Government response. The government is reviewing its approach to payments made by claimants seeking to prove their lawful status through charged immigration applications, which would encompass past fees for successful citizenship and Indefinite Leave to Remain.
Home Office
59 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Home Office applies unduly narrow definition of homelessness for Windrush generation claimants.

The Home Office appears to be applying an unduly narrow definition of homelessness which fails to consider the circumstances in which some members of the Windrush generation found themselves.

Government response. The government states it is reviewing its definition of homelessness and clarifies that claimants are currently not precluded from awards in this category if staying with family and friends.
Home Office
61 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Disparity evident between Home Office intent and claimant understanding of discretionary award purpose.

We are concerned that the number of claims submitted under the discretionary category may indicate a disparity between the Home Office’s intention for this provision and claimants’ understanding of the purpose of this aspect of the Scheme.

Government response. The government explains the purpose of the discretionary category and states that it will be reviewed, with updates to be provided.
Home Office
63 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Lack of clarity for claimants regarding discretionary award application and evidential requirements.

We are further concerned by the lack of clarity for claimants as to the circumstances in which they can apply for a discretionary award. It is also not clear why claimants appear to have been required in practice to meet different evidential requirements for this category of claim.

Government response. The government states the discretionary category of the scheme will be reviewed, and updates will be provided, acknowledging the committee's concern about clarity.
Home Office
68 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Lack of clarity on mitigation policy implementation has damaged Windrush trust.

Whilst we welcome the changes that have been made to the mitigation policy over time, we have been unable to get clarity about how this policy is working in practice now. We agree with Mr Forde that it was not appropriate to include rules on mitigation of loss in this …

Government response. The government states it continues to listen to stakeholder feedback regarding mitigation of loss rules and commits to reviewing these rules.
Home Office
70 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Mitigation of loss rules are inappropriate for the compensation scheme.

We believe that rules on mitigation of loss are not appropriate for a compensation scheme of this nature: the Home Office should lift any remaining mitigation requirements. (Paragraph 230) Criminality

Government response. The government states it continues to listen to feedback on mitigation rules and commits to reviewing them, but does not commit to lifting the remaining mitigation requirements as recommended.
Home Office
79 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Vulnerable Persons Team causes distress through insensitivity and poor customer service.

We welcome the creation of a Vulnerable Persons Team to help claimants navigate difficult conversations with government departments and solve their cases. However, we are deeply concerned by reports that the team is failing to treat vulnerable applicants sensitively and, in some cases, further distressing vulnerable individuals through poor customer …

Government response. The government commits to publishing Urgent and Exceptional Payment and Vulnerable Persons Team data, and states it will consider how to formalise customer feedback and more clearly articulate the team's work to customers.
Home Office
86 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Treatment of Windrush generation by governments was shameful and a grave betrayal

The treatment of the Windrush generation by successive governments and the Home Office was truly shameful. No amount of compensation could ever repay the fear, the humiliation and the hurt that was caused both to individuals and to communities affected. This was a grave betrayal; lessons must be learnt by …

Government response. The government notes that over £38 million has been paid or offered through the Compensation Scheme and an overhaul has improved payments. It defers further action or consideration of lessons learned to Wendy Williams' ongoing review of the Home Office's …
Home Office
87 Conclusion Fifth Report - The Windrush Compensatio… Deferred

Home Office handling of Windrush claims repeats scandal's initial mistakes

The purpose of the Windrush Compensation Scheme is to ensure that those who have suffered loss due to their inability to demonstrate their lawful status can receive the maximum amount of compensation to which they are entitled and to right some of the wrongs done by the Home Office. That …

Government response. The government highlights improvements made to the Compensation Scheme since December 2020, including increased payouts. It states that Wendy Williams is reviewing the Home Office's progress and will consider further recommendations once received, deferring action on the systemic issues raised.
Home Office

Oral evidence sessions

1 session
Date Witnesses
9 Dec 2020 Holly Stow · North Kensington Law Centre, Jacqueline McKenzie · Leigh Day, Martin Forde QC · Windrush Compensation Scheme View ↗

Correspondence

15 letters
DateDirectionTitle
25 Apr 2023 To cttee Letter from the Home Secretary on the Windrush Compensation Scheme, dated 20 A…
25 Apr 2023 From cttee Letter to the Home Secretary on the Windrush Compensation Scheme, dated 28 Marc…
22 Feb 2023 To cttee Letter from the Parliamentary Under Secretary of State on the Windrush Lessons …
1 Feb 2023 To cttee Letter from the Home Secretary on the Windrush Lessons Learned Review (WLLR) R…
7 Sep 2022 To cttee Letter from the Minister for Future Borders and Immigration on changes to the …
23 Feb 2022 From cttee Letter to the Home Secretary on the Government’s response to the Committee’s Re…
23 Feb 2022 From cttee Letter to the Minister for Safe and Legal Migration on changes to the Windrush …
2 Feb 2022 To cttee Letter from the Minister for Safe and Legal Immigration on changes to the Windr…
27 Oct 2021 To cttee Letter from the Minister for Future Borders and Immigration on the Windrush Com…
14 Sep 2021 From cttee Letter to the Home Secretary on the Windrush Compensation Scheme, dated 8 Septe…
21 Jul 2021 To cttee Letter from the Home Secretary on the Windrush Compensation Scheme, dated 20 Ju…
20 Apr 2021 To cttee Letter from the Home Secretary on the Windrush Compensation Scheme, dated 29 Ma…
10 Mar 2021 From cttee Letter to the Home Secretary on the Windrush Compensation Scheme, dated 4 March…
24 Feb 2021 To cttee Letter from the Home Secretary on changes to the Windrush Compensation Scheme, …
28 Jan 2021 From cttee Letter to the Home Secretary on changes to the Windrush Compensation Scheme in …