Public Inquiry
Jermaine Baker Inquiry
Status: Completed
Chair: HH Clement Goldstone KC
Established: Jun 2020
Report: Jul 2022
Commissioned by: Home Office
Public inquiry into the death of Jermaine Baker during a Metropolitan Police Service armed operation on 11 December 2015. The inquiry examined the planning, authorisation and conduct of the operation.
Response breakdown
Evidence & impact
The Jermaine Baker Inquiry, chaired by Clement Goldstone QC, examined the fatal shooting of Jermaine Baker by a Metropolitan Police firearms officer on 11 December 2015. The inquiry's final report, published in July 2022, made 26 recommendations focused on improving armed policing practices, command structures, training, and accountability mechanisms.
The government accepted 22 of the 26 recommendations (85%), with four remaining under consideration. The Metropolitan Police Service provided a formal response in October 2022, detailing actions taken on recommendations directed to them. Key documented changes include the College of Policing's comprehensive update to the Authorised Professional Practice on Armed Policing in August 2023, which incorporated multiple inquiry recommendations.
Specific operational changes within the MPS include the separation of the Strategic Firearms Commander role from investigation teams following an internal review led by DAC Barbara Gray, and the replacement of glass hammers with extendable X-ball devices for all firearms officers. The MPS reported significant improvements in covert monitoring training, with over 480 operatives receiving awareness training on accurate note-taking and dissemination systems.
The inquiry's recommendations on police accountability gained renewed attention following the W80 misconduct case. The Police Accountability Rapid Review, published in October 2025 and led by Tim Godwin and Sir Adrian Fulford, was directly prompted by the W80/Baker case. The government accepted the review's recommendation to raise the standard of proof for use of force in misconduct cases from civil to criminal, with regulatory changes intended for Spring 2026.
However, evidence of progress remains incomplete for several recommendations. As of August 2023, eight recommendations were marked as 'In Progress' with no subsequent updates available. Four recommendations directed to bodies including the Criminal Procedure Rule Committee and regarding IOPC powers show no published evidence of action. The MPS has not developed a Standard Operating Procedure as recommended, citing the pending national D-DaCS system as the reason for delay.
The government accepted 22 of the 26 recommendations (85%), with four remaining under consideration. The Metropolitan Police Service provided a formal response in October 2022, detailing actions taken on recommendations directed to them. Key documented changes include the College of Policing's comprehensive update to the Authorised Professional Practice on Armed Policing in August 2023, which incorporated multiple inquiry recommendations.
Specific operational changes within the MPS include the separation of the Strategic Firearms Commander role from investigation teams following an internal review led by DAC Barbara Gray, and the replacement of glass hammers with extendable X-ball devices for all firearms officers. The MPS reported significant improvements in covert monitoring training, with over 480 operatives receiving awareness training on accurate note-taking and dissemination systems.
The inquiry's recommendations on police accountability gained renewed attention following the W80 misconduct case. The Police Accountability Rapid Review, published in October 2025 and led by Tim Godwin and Sir Adrian Fulford, was directly prompted by the W80/Baker case. The government accepted the review's recommendation to raise the standard of proof for use of force in misconduct cases from civil to criminal, with regulatory changes intended for Spring 2026.
However, evidence of progress remains incomplete for several recommendations. As of August 2023, eight recommendations were marked as 'In Progress' with no subsequent updates available. Four recommendations directed to bodies including the Criminal Procedure Rule Committee and regarding IOPC powers show no published evidence of action. The MPS has not developed a Standard Operating Procedure as recommended, citing the pending national D-DaCS system as the reason for delay.
Reports & milestones
Reports
Timeline
11 Dec 2015
Death of Jermaine…
Jermaine Baker was shot and killed by Metropolitan Police officer W80 during an operation in Wood Green, London.
12 Feb 2020
Inquiry Announced
Home Secretary Priti Patel announced an independent inquiry under the Inquiries Act 2005.
· Source
12 Feb 2020
Chair Appointed
His Honour Clement Goldstone QC appointed as Chair of the Inquiry.
14 Jun 2021
Evidence Hearings…
Public hearings commenced, scheduled to run until 6 August 2021.
05 Jul 2022
Final Report Publ…
The Inquiry's final report was published, making 26 recommendations.
· Source
Recommendations
| Code | Recommendation | Addressed to | Response | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JB-15.1 |
There should be clearer guidance from the MPS, College of Policing and/or the NPCC on the separation of roles between the Senior …
|
College of Policing | Accepted | View → |
| JB-15.2 |
Training should emphasise that multidimensional risk assessments must be carried out throughout police operations, including the planning and briefing of operations. Those …
|
College of Policing | Accepted | View → |
| JB-15.3 |
In order to provide for efficacy and transparency, the NPCC and College of Policing should be tasked with providing a document management …
|
National Police Chiefs Council | Accepted | View → |
| JB-15.4 |
There should be an amendment to FA (and equivalent) forms to: a. encourage a multidimensional risk assessment (to comply with Article 2) …
|
National Police Chiefs Council | Accepted | View → |
| JB-15.5 |
Appropriate training and refresher courses on the usage and completion of FA (and equivalent) forms should be made compulsory for firearms commanders …
|
College of Policing | Accepted | View → |
| JB-15.6 |
The NPCC should commission a national review of the frequency with which this strategic option is used and its efficacy. The NPCC …
|
National Police Chiefs Council | Accepted | View → |
| JB-15.7 |
MPS Armed Policing Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) to be amended so that: a. Notes and/or audio recordings should be made of all …
|
Metropolitan Police Service | Accepted | View → |
| JB-15.8 |
The NPCC and/or College of Policing should ensure that these amendments are reflected in the guidance and training given to forces nationally.
|
National Police Chiefs Council | Accepted | View → |
| JB-15.9 |
The College of Policing's Authorised Professional Practice – Armed Policing (APP-AP) should clarify that, during the course of an operation, any relevant …
|
College of Policing | Accepted | View → |
| JB-15.10 |
When intelligence is being provided, the use of any language that is capable of misinterpretation is to be avoided. Training to address …
|
College of Policing | Accepted | View → |
| JB-15.11 |
Only those officers who have received the requisite training and accreditation should be posted to a Covert Monitoring Post (CMP).
|
College of Policing | Accepted | View → |
| JB-15.12 |
There should be clear and unequivocal written guidance for the CMP from the TFC as to the key information and intelligence that …
|
College of Policing | Accepted | View → |
| JB-15.13 |
The training referred to in paragraph 15.11 must emphasise the importance of covert monitoring officers (CMOs) making accurate notes of: (a) what …
|
College of Policing | Accepted | View → |
| JB-15.14 |
CMPs should not be established without the appointment of a properly trained CMP manager, whose responsibility it should be to appoint a …
|
College of Policing | Accepted | View → |
| JB-15.15 |
When a CMP is being used to gather evidence or intelligence, the MPS (and other forces) should consider developing an SOP to …
|
Metropolitan Police Service | Accepted | View → |
| JB-15.16 |
APP-AP should be amended to cover the following: a. Sustained public protection should never be the object of an operation unless and …
|
College of Policing | Accepted | View → |
| JB-15.17 |
Police medic training should emphasise that, in cases of catastrophic external torso haemorrhage, the immediate action is to apply direct pressure and …
|
College of Policing | Accepted | View → |
| JB-15.18 |
Training should be made mandatory for command officers in the use of the Computer Logging of Intelligence Operations (CLIO) system and the …
|
College of Policing | Accepted | View → |
| JB-15.19 |
Advice should be given by the College of Policing about the benefits of uniformity in instructions and commands. Ultimate discretion as to …
|
College of Policing | Accepted | View → |
| JB-15.20 |
There needs to be proper and objective consideration by the NPCC as to whether, and if so when, it is appropriate for …
|
National Police Chiefs Council | Accepted | View → |
| JB-15.22 |
There should be training of those who are authorised by reason of rank to present such applications at court, and no-one should …
|
College of Policing | Accepted | View → |
| JB-15.26 |
Consideration should be given by the MPS, Home Office and the NPCC to finding a more suitable solution for smashing windows during …
|
Metropolitan Police Service | Accepted | View → |
Parliamentary activity
2 statements
05 Jul 2022
Written Ministerial Statement
Publication of the Final Report of the Jermaine Baker Inquiry
Baroness Williams of Trafford (Conservative)
Baroness Williams of Trafford (Conservative)
05 Jul 2022
Written Ministerial Statement
Publication of the Final Report of the Jermaine Baker Inquiry
Priti Patel (Conservative)
Priti Patel (Conservative)