Select Committee · Committees on Arms Export Controls

UK arms exports in 2019

Status: Closed Opened: 9 Feb 2021 Closed: 9 Jan 2023 34 recommendations 12 conclusions 1 report

The Committees on Arms Export Controls are examining the Government’s 2019 Strategic Export Controls Annual Report (published in November 2020), with a focus on enforcement and compliance matters. This inquiry will build on issues identified during the scoping evidence sessions that CAEC has undertaken since it was re-established. Read the call for evidence for more … Show more

Clear

Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
First Joint Report - Developments in UK Strategic Export C… HC 282 28 Oct 2022 46 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

15 items
2 Recommendation First Joint Report - Developments in U… Accepted

We acknowledge that the Annual Report contains a substantial amount of information that is helpful...

We acknowledge that the Annual Report contains a substantial amount of information that is helpful for our inquiries and that strategic export controls cover a wide range of areas so it is not always clear which specific topics will arise as our inquiry proceeds. However, it is regrettable that the … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government notes the committee's expectations, highlighting that the Annual Report is substantive and that ECJU has already provided extensive written information throughout the inquiry to supplement it, suggesting current practices are sufficient.
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8 Recommendation First Joint Report - Developments in U… Accepted

We welcome the decision to launch the ECJU Transformation Programme and the opportunity it provides...

We welcome the decision to launch the ECJU Transformation Programme and the opportunity it provides to improve and reform the work of the ECJU and its relationships with stakeholders. However, given the duty of DIT to inform us of relevant developments, it is disappointing that the Department did not do … Read more

Government response AI summary
The ECJU commits to providing the Committee with regular updates on its transformation and continuous improvement activities, establishing a new dedicated engagement team, and delivering a new stakeholder engagement strategy in 2023.
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11 Recommendation First Joint Report - Developments in U… Accepted

We are concerned by evidence regarding insufficient resources within the ECJU, particularly technical and specialist...

We are concerned by evidence regarding insufficient resources within the ECJU, particularly technical and specialist roles and Compliance Officers. The ECJU Transformation Programme should include a review of ECJU resources. Future editions of the Annual Report should include data on ECJU resources including staff levels by grade, post and parent … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledged recruitment challenges but stated that ECJU has made positive progress in filling vacancies, recruiting specialist staff, and expanding its presence, implying existing measures address resource concerns without committing to a specific review or new reporting.
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21 Recommendation First Joint Report - Developments in U… Accepted

Providing exporters with training will always improve compliance results and make the compliance visit process...

Providing exporters with training will always improve compliance results and make the compliance visit process run more smoothly, particularly when companies do not export regularly. We recommend that the Government actively encourage more peer-to-peer, trade bodies or ECJU Awareness training opportunities. Read more

Government response AI summary
The government commits to developing a new engagement strategy to actively seek more peer-to-peer, trade body, and ECJU Awareness training opportunities, including restarting face-to-face events, providing training courses, and improving digital resources.
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23 Recommendation First Joint Report - Developments in U… Accepted

We welcome HMRC’s increase in resources for Customs A/B.

We welcome HMRC’s increase in resources for Customs A/B. In response to our report, HMRC should set out how it will measure the impact and effectiveness of these increased resources.

Government response AI summary
The government accepted the recommendation, outlining that HMRC will use existing management information tools to measure the impact of increased Customs A/B resources, including case numbers, resolutions, and border interventions, with this data to be provided in annual submissions.
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24 Conclusion First Joint Report - Developments in U… Accepted

Given the apparent low level of strategic exports and sanctions prosecutions, especially in recent years,...

Given the apparent low level of strategic exports and sanctions prosecutions, especially in recent years, we are disappointed that when we asked if the Government had any plans to review the effectiveness of the relevant legislation, they simply stated that enforcement was a matter for HMRC. HMRC are responsible for … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states that export control legislation is already kept under regular review to ensure effectiveness and that ECJU will continue to work closely with HMRC on enforcement, implying no new action is needed despite the committee's concerns.
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25 Recommendation First Joint Report - Developments in U… Accepted

We can find no explanation for the lack of published data on convictions for export...

We can find no explanation for the lack of published data on convictions for export controls violations, especially as this information has been provided to us in written evidence when requested. We recommend that the data provided to us on individual convictions on export controls/customs violations should be included in … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government accepted the recommendation and committed to HMRC providing convictions data for export control violations for inclusion in future Annual Reports.
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31 Conclusion First Joint Report - Developments in U… Accepted

We note the high-level of concern that exists regarding exports to Saudi Arabia and her...

We note the high-level of concern that exists regarding exports to Saudi Arabia and her coalition partners of items that may be used in the conflict in Yemen. This conflict is tragic and we call on all sides to give renewed urgency to finding a solution. It is of the … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government has learned lessons from the Court of Appeal judgment and has taken steps to improve the mechanisms for sharing information and intelligence between departments that make up the ECJU; it assesses all export licences for Saudi Arabia and her coalition partners on a …
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33 Recommendation First Joint Report - Developments in U… Accepted

We are concerned that previous exports to Saudi Arabia may demonstrate an inconsistency in the...

We are concerned that previous exports to Saudi Arabia may demonstrate an inconsistency in the application of the previous Consolidated Criteria. In response to our report the Government should set out its reasons for deeming that such exports are not in breach of the Criteria. The Government should also set … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states that all export licence applications are assessed on a case-by-case basis against the Consolidated Criteria, and that the new Strategic Export Licensing Criteria provide a robust framework for assessing export licence applications to Saudi Arabia.
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36 Recommendation First Joint Report - Developments in U… Accepted

While the priority should always be the safety and evacuation of people, we seek assurances...

While the priority should always be the safety and evacuation of people, we seek assurances that the Government plans for the risk of military items falling into the hands of adversaries when undertaking operations, especially when planning the withdrawal from conflict zones. In response to our Report, the Government should … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government recognizes the importance of planning for the risk of military items falling into the hands of adversaries and states it has robust mechanisms in place, including risk assessments, contingency planning, and close coordination with allies, and that lessons were learned from Afghanistan.
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37 Recommendation First Joint Report - Developments in U… Accepted

We welcome the Government’s swift action on exports to Hong Kong following the Chinese Government’s...

We welcome the Government’s swift action on exports to Hong Kong following the Chinese Government’s decision to impose a National Security Law there. This illustrates how an export control system should work; by being adaptive to changing circumstances and the heightened danger of such exports being used for internal repression. … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government welcomes the Committees’ support for its swift action on exports to Hong Kong and will use this as an example of best practice and examine the lessons that can be learned for situations where the response has not worked as effectively.
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38 Conclusion First Joint Report - Developments in U… Accepted

We welcome the Government’s action in October 2019 to not grant further export licences to...

We welcome the Government’s action in October 2019 to not grant further export licences to Turkey for items that might be used in military operations in Syria. However, we are concerned that no information was given on action taken in respect of exports for which licences had already been granted. Read more

Government response AI summary
Following the 2019 announcement regarding exports to Turkey, the government suspended all extant export licenses for items that might be used in military operations in Syria and conducted a thorough review, revoking some licenses and seeking assurances for others.
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39 Recommendation First Joint Report - Developments in U… Accepted

In response to our Report, the Government should set out the steps it took in...

In response to our Report, the Government should set out the steps it took in respect of licences already granted prior to the October 2019 announcement. In the interest of transparency, the Government should also provide details of the additional assessments that were made and the factors taken into account … Read more

Government response AI summary
Following the 2019 announcement regarding exports to Turkey, the government suspended all extant export licenses for items that might be used in military operations in Syria and conducted a thorough review, revoking some licenses and seeking assurances for others.
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40 Recommendation First Joint Report - Developments in U… Accepted

We welcome the sanctions put in place following the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and...

We welcome the sanctions put in place following the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and the invasion of Ukraine in 2022. However, it is unacceptable that the EU sanctions legislation in 2014 included a prior contracts clause permitting licences where the export concerned the execution of an obligation arising from … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government will ensure that future sanctions legislation does not include a prior contracts clause, to prevent the export of goods that could be used to undermine security or violate international law.
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41 Recommendation First Joint Report - Developments in U… Accepted

We are very concerned about continuing reports of UK components being found in Russian systems.

We are very concerned about continuing reports of UK components being found in Russian systems. In response to our report, the Government should set out the actions it is taking, in conjunction with allies. to close down Russia’s ability to acquire replacement foreign-made components that are critical to its systems. … Read more

Government response AI summary
The Government states it is already taking robust action, in conjunction with allies, to close down Russia’s ability to acquire replacement foreign-made components, including strengthening export controls and working with industry.
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Oral evidence sessions

6 sessions
Date Witnesses
10 Feb 2022 Ranil Jayawardena MP · Department for International Trade, Rt Hon James Cleverly MP · Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office View ↗
16 Nov 2021 Joanne Cheetham · HM Revenue and Customs, Richard Las · HM Revenue and Customs View ↗
29 Jun 2021 David Lorello · Covington and Burling LLP, Dr Clara Portela · University of Valencia, Fenella McGerty · International Institute for Strategic Studies View ↗
18 May 2021 Andrew Kinniburgh · Make UK Defence, Nick Radiven · Prospect View ↗
20 Apr 2021 Mike Lewis · Conflict Armament Research View ↗
16 Mar 2021 Dr Andrea Edoardo Varisco · Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Dr Sibylle Bauer · Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Kolja Brockmann · Stockholm International Peace Research Institute View ↗

Who gave evidence

13 witnesses
WitnessOrganisationSessions
Andrew Kinniburgh · General Director Make UK Defence 1
David Lorello · Of Counsel and Vice Chair of International Trade … Covington and Burling LLP 1
Dr Andrea Edoardo Varisco · Acting Director, Dual-Use and Arms Trade Control … Stockholm International Peace Research Institute 1
Dr Clara Portela · Professor of Political Science University of Valencia 1
Dr Sibylle Bauer · Director of Studies, Armament and Disarmament Stockholm International Peace Research Institute 1
Fenella McGerty · Senior Fellow for Defence Economics International Institute for Strategic Studies 1
Joanne Cheetham · Deputy Director, Customs and Borders Design HM Revenue and Customs 1
Kolja Brockmann · Researcher, Dual-Use and Arms Trade Control Progr… Stockholm International Peace Research Institute 1
Mike Lewis · Head of Enhanced Investigations Conflict Armament Research 1
Nick Radiven · Negotiations Officer Prospect 1
Ranil Jayawardena MP · Minister for International Trade Department for International Trade 1
Richard Las · Head of Operations, Fraud Investigation Service HM Revenue and Customs 1
Rt Hon James Cleverly MP · Minister of State (Minister for Middle East and N… Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office 1

Correspondence

7 letters
DateDirectionTitle
7 Sep 2023 Correspondence from the Minister of State for International Trade, updating on …
24 May 2023 Correspondence with the Secretary of State for Business and Trade on the Govern…
4 Apr 2023 Correspondence from the Secretary of State for Business and Trade on the Govern…
20 Oct 2022 Annex A: Correspondence with the FCDO and DIT, dated 31 May 2022
20 Oct 2022 Annex B: Correspondence with the FCDO and DIT, dated 31 May 2022
20 Oct 2022 Correspondence from the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development and the Department …
20 Oct 2022 Annex C: Correspondence with the FCDO and DIT, dated 31 May 2022