Select Committee · Business and Trade Committee

UK trade with the US, India and EU

Status: Closed Opened: 6 Jun 2025 Closed: 24 Apr 2026 32 recommendations 17 conclusions 2 reports

The Business and Trade Committee is launching an inquiry into the UK’s trade deals with three of its most important partners: the United States, India, and the European Union. As part of this work, the Committee will scrutinise the detail and implementation of three recent developments: the India Free Trade Agreement; the US-UK Economic Prosperity … Show more

Clear

Reports

2 reports
Title HC No. Published Items Response
12th Report - UK-India Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agr… HC 996 21 Jan 2026 23 Responded
10th Report – US Economic Prosperity Deal HC 1306 14 Sep 2025 26 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

15 items
1 Conclusion 10th Report – US Economic Prosperity De… Acknowledged

UK welcomes Economic Prosperity Deal as US expands strategic trade policy.

The United States is expanding the use of trade policy to advance its strategic and security objectives. It is therefore welcome that the United Kingdom has achieved the Economic Prosperity Deal representing a new phase of UK-US economic engagement. (Conclusion, Paragraph 26) Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the importance of the US relationship and confirms it is building on the Economic Prosperity Deal and Tech Prosperity Deal to foster a future-facing partnership with significant investment commitments and cooperation on economic security, supply chains, and critical minerals.
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Department for Business and Trade
4 Conclusion 10th Report – US Economic Prosperity De… Acknowledged

GT-EPD scrutiny limited due to informal negotiation and absent economic impact analysis.

We welcome the extension of the treaty parliamentary scrutiny period from 10 to 20 sitting days, as set out in the Trade Strategy. However, we regret that scrutiny of the GT-EPD are limited due to the trade-related provisions having been negotiated outside a formal treaty process, and that an economic … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the committee's concerns by listing past statements to the House and committing to continue informing Parliament on EPD developments, with any final agreement subject to established scrutiny procedures.
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Department for Business and Trade
16 Conclusion 10th Report – US Economic Prosperity De… Acknowledged

Government unable to prevent Vivergo plant closure, impacting bioethanol production capacity.

We were disappointed to hear that the Government were unable to provide support to the bioethanol industry to prevent the closure of the Vivergo plant. This has already had a substantial impact on domestic production capacity of bioethanol, associated supply chains, and the UK’s ability to produce CO₂ and animal … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the concern by stating that DBT officials are continuing to monitor and assess risks across the supply chain in collaboration with other departments.
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Department for Business and Trade
17 Recommendation 10th Report – US Economic Prosperity De… Acknowledged

Work urgently with UK bioethanol industry to protect domestic production capacity and supply chains.

We recommend that the Government continue to work urgently with the remaining UK bioethanol industry to co-design appropriate support measures. These should protect domestic production capacity and associated supply chains while medium-term supply side policies take effect. (Recommendation, Paragraph 99) Building towards the Economic Prosperity Deal Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states that DBT officials are continuing to work closely with other government departments to monitor and assess risks across the supply chain, but it does not specifically commit to co-designing support measures with the bioethanol industry.
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Department for Business and Trade
18 Recommendation 10th Report – US Economic Prosperity De… Acknowledged

Drive further negotiations with US to de-risk tariffs and expand economic co-operation.

The Government must now drive forward further negotiations with the US to de-risk the threat of future tariffs, seek to match EU terms where those are preferential to those for the UK, lock in agreed tariff reductions and expanding co-operation. (Recommendation, Paragraph 104) Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states that UK-US discussions are continuing under the EPD General Terms, with a view to achieving a significantly preferential outcome and expanding the agreement, but it provides no specific commitments or timelines for de-risking tariffs or matching EU terms.
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Department for Business and Trade
26 Recommendation 10th Report – US Economic Prosperity De… Acknowledged

Balance digital trade and AI growth with strong protections for UK standards and industries.

Looking ahead, future commitments in the potential Economic Prosperity Deal must balance opportunities for growth in digital trade, AI, and services with strong protections for UK standards, tax sovereignty, and critical domestic industries. (Recommendation, Paragraph 141) 56 Read more

Government response AI summary
The government highlights the economic potential of digital technologies and AI, referencing the Tech Prosperity Deal and its commitment to ambitious digital trade provisions, and states it will continue to safeguard its ability to regulate the digital economy, but doesn't specifically address the balance for …
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Department for Business and Trade
2 Conclusion 12th Report - UK-India Comprehensive Ec… Acknowledged

Trade agreement delivers immediate market access benefits for goods, including spirits and automotives.

The most immediate benefits are concentrated in goods sectors facing historically high Indian tariffs, particularly spirits and automotives, where the Agreement delivers commercially significant and predictable market access for the first time. The Agreement also delivers new market access in government procurement, with India opening its central government procurement market … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the benefits of CETA, predicting it will boost UK GDP by £4.8bn by 2040, and that India will drop tariffs on 90% of lines.
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Department for Business and Trade
5 Conclusion 12th Report - UK-India Comprehensive Ec… Acknowledged

Trade agreement provides limited new market access for UK services into India.

While the Agreement provides greater certainty and stability for UK services providers, it delivers limited new market access into India. The practical value of the services provisions will therefore depend largely on effective implementation, particularly progress on mutual recognition of professional qualifications. Notwithstanding the Agreement’s commitments and the establishment of … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states that they will identify and encourage mutually interested UK and Indian bodies to negotiate mutual recognition agreements for professional qualifications and will actively facilitate MRPQs where they are of mutual interest, but it is ultimately the regulators' decision.
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Department for Business and Trade
7 Conclusion 12th Report - UK-India Comprehensive Ec… Acknowledged

India-UK trade agreement brings no significant changes to India's IP regime.

The Committee concludes that the Agreement does not introduce significant changes to India’s intellectual property regime that are likely to support growth in UK pharmaceutical exports. At the same time, the Committee recognises India’s role as a major producer of generic medicines and the importance of retaining some flexibility within … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states that the IP chapter goes beyond India's precedent in FTAs, supporting the economy through IP rights protection and enforcement. They will continue to advance this agenda through the Working Group on Intellectual Property Rights and a specialist Intellectual Property attaché in India.
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Department for Business and Trade
9 Conclusion 12th Report - UK-India Comprehensive Ec… Acknowledged

Trade agreement modestly extends existing mobility arrangements with limited labour market impact.

The Agreement locks in and modestly extends existing arrangements for mobility. The Government maintains that the provisions are limited in scope and will not have a material impact on the UK labour market. (Conclusion, Paragraph 70)

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges that the mobility provisions within CETA apply to short-term service supply and are not expected to have a material impact on the UK's labour market.
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Department for Business and Trade
12 Recommendation 12th Report - UK-India Comprehensive Ec… Acknowledged

Ensure Responsible Business Conduct Review creates enforceable human and labour rights expectations for businesses.

The Government should ensure that its ongoing Responsible Business Conduct Review results in clear and enforceable expectations on UK businesses, including respect for human rights and labour rights within their supply chains. The Government should report to Parliament on the outcome of the Review. (Recommendation, Paragraph 80) UK-Indian investment Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states that the Responsible Business Conduct review will be critical to ensuring businesses operate in a way that respects human rights, labour rights, the environment, and anti-corruption measures, and will update Parliament when the review is complete.
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Department for Business and Trade
14 Conclusion 12th Report - UK-India Comprehensive Ec… Acknowledged

Uncertainty during trade agreement ratification risks delaying commercial decisions for UK businesses.

The Committee notes evidence that uncertainty during the ratification period risks delaying commercial decisions, particularly in sectors where tariff reductions under the Agreement are commercially significant. Given the absence of provisional application, timely ratification and clear communication on implementation timelines will be critical to minimising disruption for UK businesses. (Conclusion, … Read more

Government response AI summary
HM Government will continue to update Parliament regularly on preparation, utilisation, and tariff preference uptake and will endeavour to publish provisional data on utilisation rates within the first year.
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Department for Business and Trade
15 Conclusion 12th Report - UK-India Comprehensive Ec… Acknowledged

Tariff liberalisation risks limited utilisation and increased competitive pressures for some UK sectors.

Tariff liberalisation under the Agreement is commercially meaningful for key UK exports. However, long staging periods, complex rules of origin and administrative burdens risk limiting utilisation, particularly among SMEs. The Committee notes that some sectors, including textiles, ceramics and potentially dairy, may face increased competitive pressures as a result of … Read more

Government response AI summary
HM Government will continue to update Parliament regularly on preparation, utilisation, and tariff preference uptake, will work with industry and the Government of India on concerns raised, and will establish clear and continuous feedback loops with UK businesses.
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Department for Business and Trade
23 Recommendation 12th Report - UK-India Comprehensive Ec… Acknowledged

Schedule a debate on a substantive motion for the Agreement to enable meaningful scrutiny.

The Committee welcomes the Government’s commitment to make time available in the House of Commons for a debate on the Agreement during the CRaG period. However, we are disappointed that the Government intends to seek only a general debate. Given the limitations of CRaG scrutiny in practice, the Committee recommends … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states it is grateful for the scrutiny and proactively sought a debate in both Houses on this deal to recognize the relevant committees’ respective inquiries and commitment to transparency.
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Department for Business and Trade
24 Recommendation 12th Report - UK-India Comprehensive Ec… Acknowledged

Commit to making time available to debate all Free Trade Agreements in the Commons.

The Government should commit to making time available in the House of Commons to debate all FTAs it agrees with other countries. (Recommendation, Paragraph 118) 79

Government response AI summary
The government reaffirms its commitment to provide a debate on any new trade deal during the statutory scrutiny period (where Parliamentary time allows).
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Department for Business and Trade

Oral evidence sessions

4 sessions
Date Witnesses
9 Mar 2026 Amanda Brooks CBE · Department for Business and Trade, Chris Bryant MP · Department for Business and Trade, Kate Joseph · Department for Business and Trade View ↗
10 Feb 2026 Andrew Dowler · Blackstone, Audrey Yvernault · GSK, Ben Richardson · CoreWeave, Dr Richard Torbett · Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI), Dr Scott Steedman CBE · British Standards Institution (BSI), Duncan Edwards OBE · British American Business, Hugh Milward · Microsoft, Jonathan Legh-Smith · UKQuantum, Loren Jones · Amentum, Paul Weston · Prologis UK Limited, Russell Codling · Tata Steel UK View ↗
13 Jan 2026 Alastair Gunn · Road Haulage Association, Julian Walker · Associated British Ports, Matt Hinde · National Grid, Oriel Petry · Airbus UK, Paul Nowak · Trades Union Congress (TUC), Peter Brennan · UK Steel, Sean McGuire · Confederation of British Industry (CBI), Toby Ovens · Broughton Transport, Tom Bradshaw · National Farmers' Union View ↗
2 Dec 2025 Amanda Tickel · Deloitte UK, Chris Bryant MP · Department for Business and Trade, Dr Claus Zimmermann · Ashurst LLP, Kate Thornley · Department for Business and Trade, Mr John Cooke · TheCityUK, Mr Jonathan Brenton · Pernod Ricard, Mr Mike Archer · AstraZeneca UK, Murray Paul · Jaguar Land Rover (JLR), Pankaj S Kulkarni · Tech Mahindra, Rachel Timmins · Ceramics UK, Tom Bradshaw · National Farmers' Union, Tom Wills · Trade Justice Movement View ↗

Who gave evidence

33 witnesses
WitnessOrganisationSessions
Chris Bryant MP · Minister for Trade Department for Business and Trade 2
Tom Bradshaw · President National Farmers' Union 2
Alastair Gunn · Trade Policy Lead Road Haulage Association 1
Amanda Brooks CBE · Director General, Trade Policy, Implementation an… Department for Business and Trade 1
Amanda Tickel · Partner and Head of Tax and Trade Deloitte UK 1
Andrew Dowler · Senior Managing Director Blackstone 1
Audrey Yvernault · Vice President of Government Affairs GSK 1
Ben Richardson · Vice President CoreWeave 1
Dr Claus Zimmermann · Head of International Trade Ashurst LLP 1
Dr Richard Torbett · CEO Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI) 1
Dr Scott Steedman CBE · Director of Standards British Standards Institution (BSI) 1
Duncan Edwards OBE · CEO British American Business 1
Hugh Milward · UK Vice President of Corporate Affairs Microsoft 1
Jonathan Legh-Smith · Executive Director UKQuantum 1
Julian Walker · Chief Commercial Officer and Regional Director Associated British Ports 1
Kate Joseph · Director General, Economic Security and Trade Rel… Department for Business and Trade 1
Kate Thornley · Chief Negotiator, UK-India Free Trade Agreement Department for Business and Trade 1
Loren Jones · Senior Vice President Amentum 1
Matt Hinde · Head of International Policy and Engagement National Grid 1
Mr John Cooke · Co-Chair of the Liberalisation of Trade in Servic… TheCityUK 1
Mr Jonathan Brenton · Director of Public Affairs Pernod Ricard 1
Mr Mike Archer · Director of Public Affairs AstraZeneca UK 1
Murray Paul · Public Affairs Director Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) 1
Oriel Petry · Senior Vice President Airbus UK 1
Pankaj S Kulkarni · Head of Banking, Financial Services and Insurance… Tech Mahindra 1
Paul Nowak · General Secretary Trades Union Congress (TUC) 1
Paul Weston · Senior Vice President Prologis UK Limited 1
Peter Brennan · Director of Trade and Economic Policy UK Steel 1
Rachel Timmins · Policy Manager Ceramics UK 1
Russell Codling · Director of Markets Business Development Tata Steel UK 1
Sean McGuire · Director - Europe and International Confederation of British Industry (CBI) 1
Toby Ovens · Managing Director Broughton Transport 1
Tom Wills · Director Trade Justice Movement 1

Correspondence

40 letters
DateDirectionTitle
25 Mar 2026 To cttee Letter from the Minister for Industry relating to further information requested…
11 Mar 2026 To cttee Letter from Amentum relating to the UK-US Technology Prosperity Deal, 16 Februa…
11 Mar 2026 To cttee Letter from Prologis relating to the Committee's evidence session on 10 Februar…
11 Mar 2026 From cttee Letter to the Minister for Industry relating to the UK steel industry, 2 March …
11 Mar 2026 To cttee Letter from National Grid relating to the Committee's evidence session on 13 Ja…
11 Mar 2026 To cttee Letter from the Secretary of State and the Minister for the Constitution and EU…
9 Mar 2026 To cttee Letter from the Minister of State for Trade relating to US tariffs and the US S…
26 Feb 2026 From cttee Letter to the Minister of State for Trade relating to US tariffs and the US Sup…
24 Feb 2026 To cttee Letter from the Minister for Industry relating to the UK steel industry, 19 Feb…
24 Feb 2026 To cttee Letter from the Minister for the Constitution and European Union Relations rela…
11 Feb 2026 From cttee Letter to the Minister for Industry relating to the UK steel industry, 11 Febru…
11 Feb 2026 From cttee Letter to the Minister for the Constitution and European Union Relations and th…
11 Feb 2026 To cttee Letter from Tata Steel relating to the Committee's evidence session on 10 Febru…
3 Feb 2026 To cttee Letter from the Minister of State for Trade relating to the start of the scruti…
3 Feb 2026 To cttee Letter from the Minister of State for Trade relating to changes to the beef quo…
3 Feb 2026 To cttee Letter from the Road Haulage Association relating to the Committee session on 1…
3 Feb 2026 To cttee Letter from the Minister for Migration and Citizenship relating to mobility pro…
3 Feb 2026 To cttee Letter from the Minister of State for Trade relating to a Committee session on …
13 Jan 2026 From cttee Letter to the Minister of State for Trade and the Minister for the Constitution…
6 Jan 2026 To cttee Letter from Minister of State for Trade relating to a parliamentary debate on t…