Select Committee · Public Accounts Committee

The condition of school buildings

Status: Closed Opened: 24 May 2023 Closed: 8 Mar 2024 2 recommendations 40 conclusions 1 report

In March 2022 the Public Accounts Committee reported on the risks to schools’ financial sustainability , including wide variations in the condition of individual schools and their funding. The school estate in England comprises some 22,000 schools, with the majority overseen by the responsible body in control of the school, usually the relevant local authority …

Clear

Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
Second Report - The condition of school buildings HC 78 19 Nov 2023 42 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

24 items
3 Conclusion Second Report - The condition of school… Accepted

Re-examine DfE's funding process for temporary RAAC mitigation, ensuring accessibility and value for money.

Schools are uncertain about the support they can access to mitigate RAAC-related issues, and how they will be reimbursed financially. The temporary classrooms that DfE is providing will generally be for those schools that were known to be affected by RAAC before the late August 2023 change of risk approach. …

Government response. The government accepted the recommendation, stating it funds emergency capital works and reasonable revenue costs for RAAC mitigation, provides dedicated caseworkers, and keeps processes under review to ensure accessibility and value for money.
HM Treasury
4 Conclusion Second Report - The condition of school… Accepted

Require DfE to provide a detailed assessment of the RAAC problem, plan, and associated costs.

There remains a lack of transparency for schools, parents and communities on where RAAC exists and how long it will take to be fixed. DfE was unable to provide answers to important questions such as how many specialist surveys to confirm RAAC are outstanding and likely to be carried out, …

Government response. The government accepted the recommendation and committed to writing to the Committee alongside the Treasury Minute publication with an assessment of the RAAC problem, its plan, and associated costs.
HM Treasury
5 Conclusion Second Report - The condition of school… Accepted

Require DfE to demonstrate a full picture of asbestos and adequate management plans in all schools.

DfE has incomplete knowledge of the prevalence of asbestos across the school estate. In May 2022, DfE agreed with our recommendation that it should urgently chase the 7% of schools that had not responded to the asbestos management survey it launched in 2018. In July 2023, DfE explained that the …

Government response. The government agrees with the recommendation, stating the ongoing Condition Data Collection 2 (CDC2) programme will collect full asbestos data and review management plans by December 2026. This programme has already reduced non-responders to 3.9% and aims for a full …
HM Treasury
6 Conclusion Second Report - The condition of school… Accepted

Develop a support package and good practice guidance for schools in poor condition.

Unacceptable numbers of pupils are learning in poorly maintained or potentially unsafe buildings. The quality of school buildings has an impact on pupils’ learning experience, and ultimately on attainment levels and teacher retention. An estimated 700,000 pupils attend the 1,200 schools that have been considered for the School Rebuilding Programme, …

Government response. The government claims the recommendation is implemented, highlighting existing extensive guidance and support such as the Good Estate Management for Schools manual and the Capital Advisers Programme. It states it keeps its guidance under review but does not commit to …
HM Treasury
7 Recommendation Second Report - The condition of school… Accepted

Establish a strategy for timely school repairs and reconsider fire safety value for money analysis.

DfE has focused on reactive measures addressing immediate building concerns that often fail to take account of longer-term value for money considerations. DfE has committed to providing funding for all schools that face critical and immediate safety risks but are unable to carry out appropriate remedial work themselves. DfE has …

Government response. The government agrees with the recommendation and aims for implementation by February 2025. It states it is considering how to further clarify roles and support responsible bodies in managing estates effectively for the long-term, building on existing guidance and programmes. …
HM Treasury
8 Conclusion Second Report - The condition of school… Accepted

Require DfE to provide assurance on School Rebuilding Programme timetable, costs, and scenario planning.

The School Rebuilding Programme is behind its initial schedule for getting contracts in place and schools built. DfE announced the School Rebuilding Programme in June 2020. By March 2023, it had delivered one project compared with a forecast four, and awarded 24 contracts compared with a forecast 83. Price inflation …

Government response. The government agrees and aims for implementation by December 2024, stating the School Rebuilding Programme robustly manages risks through continuous monitoring and regular IPA gateway reviews. It highlights that the NAO noted steps already taken to address delays and that …
HM Treasury
9 Recommendation Second Report - The condition of school… Accepted

Review DfE guidance, support, and funding to improve school building condition and estate management.

There is considerable variation across the school estate, including regional disparity in the condition of school buildings and differences in school types and governance models, which will influence the type of support DfE needs to provide. The map of school building condition shows a broad north-south divide, with higher need …

Government response. The government agrees with the recommendation and aims for implementation by March 2025. It confirms it keeps its capital funding, guidance, and support under review, with data from Condition Data Collection 2 (CDC2) informing potential changes to the allocation methodology …
HM Treasury
11 Conclusion Second Report - The condition of school… Accepted

Schools awaiting specialist surveys for suspected RAAC face prolonged uncertainty regarding building safety.

The schools that have recently responded to DfE’s questionnaire saying they believe RAAC is present in their buildings are likely to be waiting a number of weeks for this to be confirmed by a specialist survey.19 DfE’s guidance for these schools is not to close the spaces where they suspect …

Government response. The government states the RAAC identification programme is complete, with all suspected cases surveyed and a final list of confirmed cases published on 8 February 2024, indicating that schools are no longer waiting for surveys.
HM Treasury
12 Conclusion Second Report - The condition of school… Accepted

DfE lacks proactive funding commitments or eradication targets for RAAC in schools.

DHSC is providing £685 million of funding, to the end of 2025, to mitigate RAAC in hospitals. It has also committed to eradicating RAAC across the NHS estate by 2035.21 DfE has not proactively set out funding commitments or eradication targets, and instead explained that its priorities are to identify …

Government response. The government states that it has committed to permanently remove RAAC from the school estate and confirmed how it will fund schools for this on 8 February 2024, through grants or the School Rebuilding Programme. This directly addresses the committee's …
HM Treasury
15 Conclusion Second Report - The condition of school… Accepted

DfE outlining reimbursement process for schools' RAAC-related costs and surveys

DfE told us that, where a school hires portable classrooms, this counts as revenue expenditure. In this case, DfE checks that the expenditure is reasonable and the school does not have high levels of reserves from which it should be providing the funding itself.25 DfE also explained that it would …

Government response. The government reiterates its policy of funding emergency capital works and approving all reasonable requests for revenue costs, such as temporary buildings or transport. It emphasizes streamlining processes, working closely with schools, and providing urgent payments when necessary, aligning with …
HM Treasury
16 Conclusion Second Report - The condition of school… Accepted

Caseworker support for RAAC-affected schools facing operational effectiveness issues

DfE told us that it assigned a caseworker to each school affected by RAAC. Schools can liaise with their caseworker about buildings, finances or educational matters.28 However, we challenged DfE with evidence that the system was not working perfectly. For example, it took some time for caseworkers to be given …

Government response. The government states it is already funding emergency RAAC works, approving revenue cost requests, providing dedicated caseworker support to schools for bespoke plans and funding access, and has committed to permanently removing RAAC through grants or rebuilding programmes.
HM Treasury
19 Conclusion Second Report - The condition of school… Accepted

DfE expects RAAC issues to resolve within weeks, with variable timeframes for complex cases

We asked DfE about when all RAAC-related issues on the school estate might be resolved, given that members of the government had talked in early September about the timeframe being a matter of weeks. DfE expressed confidence that it would receive all the remaining questionnaire returns, and carry out the …

Government response. The government states that the RAAC identification programme is complete, a final list of 234 affected settings was published on 8 February 2024, and funding for permanent RAAC removal will be provided through the School Rebuilding Programme for 119 schools …
HM Treasury
20 Conclusion Second Report - The condition of school… Accepted

DfE previously agreed to urgently chase non-responsive schools on asbestos survey

In March 2022, we noted that we had previously found DfE did not have a complete picture of asbestos in school buildings, or enough information to ensure that the risks were being properly managed. We concluded that DfE appeared unconcerned that the 7% of schools who were yet to respond …

Government response. The government accepts the recommendation, stating the AMAP survey is now part of the Condition Data Collection 2 (CDC2) programme. As of January 2024, 631 non-responding schools have been visited, and the full dataset for all schools will be available …
HM Treasury
21 Conclusion Second Report - The condition of school… Accepted

DfE remains unsighted on asbestos status in 4.4% of schools nationwide

DfE told us that its second Condition Data Collection programme (CDC2), which had covered around 40% of schools so far, allowed it to prioritise schools that had not responded to the asbestos survey. As a result, DfE remained unsighted on 4.4% of schools, which represents just under 1,000 schools. It …

Government response. The government details its ongoing Condition Data Collection 2 (CDC2) programme, which has visited 631 non-responding schools as of January 2024 to collect asbestos data, with the full dataset expected by December 2026.
HM Treasury
22 Conclusion Second Report - The condition of school… Accepted

Asbestos risk higher in schools due to shared occupancy; oversight concerns raised

In its written submission, NAHT (the school leadership union) emphasised that shared occupancy of school buildings by adults and young people can lead to a higher risk of asbestos disturbance than in other workplaces, and that even normal school activities can routinely disturb asbestos. It concluded that this leads to …

Government response. The government outlines its ongoing approach to asbestos management through legal duties, HSE regulation, published guidance, and the Condition Data Collection 2 (CDC2) programme, which is collecting data from state-funded schools and is expected to be completed by 2026. It …
HM Treasury
23 Conclusion Second Report - The condition of school… Accepted

DfE policy for asbestos management in schools risks hidden dangers during RAAC works

DfE confirmed that its policy is not to remove all asbestos in the school estate, as this would be expensive and dangerous. However, we raised with DfE a case where a school thought it knew where it had asbestos, but much more asbestos was found when contractors demolished a block …

Government response. The government reaffirms its policy for responsible bodies to manage asbestos safely in situ when possible, guided by HSE regulations and departmental guidance, and continues to gather comprehensive data on asbestos through the CDC2 programme, expected to complete by 2026.
HM Treasury
25 Conclusion Second Report - The condition of school… Accepted

Poor school building conditions severely undermine pupil attainment and teacher retention

DfE believes that poor quality school buildings have a negative impact in important ways, including by reducing pupil attainment levels and teacher retention. Stakeholders across the sector also emphasise how buildings being too hot or cold, insufficient ventilation, and disruption caused by parts of a school being unusable, can adversely …

Government response. The government states that responsible bodies are accountable for safe buildings, and it provides case-by-case support for serious issues. It has allocated over £15 billion since 2015 for school estate improvement, including the School Rebuilding Programme, and provides extensive guidance …
HM Treasury
29 Conclusion Second Report - The condition of school… Accepted

DfE prioritises immediate action and funding for urgent school building safety issues

DfE told us that its overarching principle is to act immediately if a building-related issue is putting pupils or teachers in danger but the school is unable to manage the issue itself. The issue might relate to asbestos, or more general structural problems.45 In May 2023, DfE also announced that, …

Government response. The government agrees with the committee's statement and clarifies that it already takes immediate action on serious building safety issues, with support for responsible bodies, and demonstrated this with its response to RAAC risks.
HM Treasury
30 Conclusion Second Report - The condition of school… Accepted

HM Treasury funds significantly fewer school rebuilds than DfE recommended annually

In its Spending Review 2020 case, DfE recommended capital funding for the major rebuilding and refurbishment of around 200 schools each year. HM Treasury subsequently agreed to fund a 10-year programme to rebuild 50 schools per year, at an average cost of £1.3 billion a year. In selecting applications for …

Government response. The government states it robustly assesses nominations for the School Rebuilding Programme based on greatest need and exceptional issues, confirming that the programme now includes over 500 schools, including those with RAAC, and that 400 schools were selected ahead of …
HM Treasury
32 Conclusion Second Report - The condition of school… Accepted

New and refurbished schools continue to lack sprinkler systems despite safety expectations

In written evidence, the London Fire Brigade expressed concern that many schools are continuing to be built, or are undergoing major refurbishment, without automatic fire suppression systems (such as sprinklers), contrary to the ‘expectation’ set out in Building Bulletin 100: Design for fire safety in schools, published in 2007.50 Zurich …

Government response. The government agrees to the recommendation, stating it continues to engage with the Government Actuary Department to review fire data and the impact of sprinklers, and will include a response in the new Fire Safety guidance (BB100) expected by September …
HM Treasury
33 Conclusion Second Report - The condition of school… Accepted

School Rebuilding Programme severely behind schedule on contracts awarded and projects completed.

DfE announced the School Rebuilding Programme in June 2020. As at March 2023, it had awarded 24 contracts, well below its August 2021 forecast of 83, with one project completed compared with its forecast of four. In addition, DfE was forecasting that it would complete fewer projects in 2023–24 than …

Government response. The government acknowledges the committee's observation, attributes past delays in contract awards to unforeseen global events, and states it has already taken steps to address these issues, with the programme now on track to deliver as planned and projects progressing …
HM Treasury
34 Conclusion Second Report - The condition of school… Accepted

Inflationary pressures significantly delayed School Rebuilding Programme contract agreements and project delivery.

DfE told us that in its building programmes, and particularly the School Rebuilding Programme, it had taken longer to agree contracts because of inflationary pressures in the building industry.54 DfE explained that it had responded by amending its funding policies, and developing an ‘alliance model’ involving risk-sharing and greater elements …

Government response. The government states it has already taken steps to address delays caused by inflationary pressures, including changing project funding policy, and is now seeing a more stable position with overall progress on track and projects being delivered faster than expected.
HM Treasury
40 Conclusion Second Report - The condition of school… Accepted

Decisions on school closures and building conditions lack sufficient coordination across authorities.

We expressed concern about whether decisions relating to falling school rolls and improving the condition of schools are sufficiently joined-up across different local authorities and trusts. Historically, there have been school closures due to falling rolls, followed soon after by another demographic wave of pupils which means that more school …

Government response. The government agrees with the committee's concern and states that local authorities already have a statutory duty for school places and manage demand, while also highlighting the provision of revenue funding through the Dedicated Schools Grant, which now includes specific …
HM Treasury
42 Conclusion Second Report - The condition of school… Accepted

DfE considers future pupil numbers when selecting schools for rebuilding programmes.

DfE reassured us that, when selecting schools for the School Rebuilding Programme, it considers the likely future pattern of pupil numbers, to avoid prioritising schools that are struggling to attract pupils and therefore do not warrant a full rebuild.65 It also emphasised that, ideally, there should be more school places …

Government response. The government agrees with the committee's observation, stating that local authorities already consider pupil numbers and forecast demand when planning school places, supported by existing funding and new flexibilities through the Dedicated Schools Grant.
HM Treasury

Oral evidence sessions

1 session
Date Witnesses
13 Jul 2023 Jane Balderstone · Department for Education, Jane Cunliffe · Department for Education, Susan Acland-Hood · The Department for Education View ↗

Correspondence

2 letters
DateDirectionTitle
26 Feb 2024 Correspondence from Susan Acland-Hood, Permanent Secretary, Department for Educ…
19 Sep 2023 Correspondence from Susan Acland-Hood, Permanent Secretary, Department for Educ…