Select Committee · Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee

Biosecurity and animal welfare

Status: Open Opened: 9 Jan 2025 64 recommendations 49 conclusions 4 reports

Animal and plant diseases and pests have far-reaching impacts on the environment, agricultural and horticultural sectors, trade, human health, animal welfare, and the food that we eat. The UK’s animal and plant biosecurity capability is in a period of significant change: the Animal and Plant Health Agency’s critical infrastructure – notably its Weybridge headquarters – … Show more

Clear

Reports

4 reports
Title HC No. Published Items Response
1st Report - A sustainable veterinary workforce HC 270 5 Jun 2026 18 Overdue
5th Report - UK-EU agritrade: making an SPS agreement work HC 1661 5 Feb 2026 43 Responded
4th Report - UK-EU trade: towards a resilient border strate… HC 1279 15 Sep 2025 27 Responded
3rd report - Biosecurity at the border: Britain's illegal m… HC 1296 8 Sep 2025 25 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

21 items
4 Conclusion 3rd report - Biosecurity at the border:… Accepted

Public awareness of new EU personal import restrictions remains insufficient.

Defra’s ban on personal imports of most animal products from the EU, introduced in April 2025, is a welcome simplification and strengthening of the rules. However, there is not yet enough public awareness of the restrictions or the reasons for them. (Conclusion, Paragraph 28) Read more

Government response AI summary
The government partially agrees with the observation on public awareness, detailing existing and ongoing communication efforts including targeted campaigns and reminder communications. They note their attitude tracker results showing high awareness and have no plans for new legislation or digital tools.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
20 Conclusion 3rd report - Biosecurity at the border:… Accepted

Unacceptable breakdown of trust between Defra and DPHA harmed national biosecurity.

Under the previous Government, there was an unacceptable breakdown of trust, communication and cooperation in the relationship between Defra and Dover Port Health Authority (DPHA) to the detriment of national biosecurity. (Conclusion, Paragraph 60)

Government response AI summary
The Government accepts the recommendation and is committed to restoring the relationship with DPHA. Defra Directors met with DPHA officials in July 2025 and have continued to engage since. Defra is in the process of transferring the agreed £3.1m to DPHA to fund operations alongside …
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
21 Recommendation 3rd report - Biosecurity at the border:… Accepted

Require Government to lead effective mutual restoration of Defra and DPHA relationship.

This Government must lead an effective, mutual restoration of that relationship, which is of strategic importance to the UK’s security and trade. (Recommendation, Paragraph 60)

Government response AI summary
The government accepts the recommendation, committing to restoring its relationship with DPHA. They have held frequent official meetings, a Minister's visit is planned, and £3.1m in agreed funding for 2025/26 operations is being transferred.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
7 Conclusion 4th Report - UK-EU trade: towards a res… Accepted

Enforcement system at Short Straits remains flawed, creating vulnerabilities for illegal entry.

Defra maintains that a “robust” enforcement system is in operation at the Short Straits entry point. Within the context of flawed IT systems, data gaps, routine auto-clearance of goods and strained local authorities, the Committee does not share that confidence. We are particularly concerned that the absence of robust enforcement … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government describes its ongoing efforts to review data on non-attendance at Sevington BCP, follow up on missing vehicles, and improve data collection, stating these actions address the committee's concerns about enforcement robustness.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
23 Recommendation 4th Report - UK-EU trade: towards a res… Accepted

Commit to clear timelines, a delivery plan, and prompt communication during BTOM transition.

During the transition away from the BTOM, the Department should commit to clear timelines for decision-making, a delivery plan, and communicate changes promptly to allow businesses to plan with confidence. (Recommendation, Paragraph 40)

Government response AI summary
The government accepts the recommendation, committing to communicate clear timelines for decision-making and delivery throughout the transition from BTOM to the UK-EU SPS Agreement to help businesses plan.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
26 Recommendation 4th Report - UK-EU trade: towards a res… Accepted

People's welfare and working conditions are central to successful border system design.

Implementing the BTOM goes beyond logistics and finance; people are central to a successful, biosecure border. The welfare, dignity, and working conditions of those delivering and using a border system must be integral to its design and operation. (Conclusion, Paragraph 44) 30 Read more

Government response AI summary
The government accepts the recommendation, detailing ongoing improvements to welfare facilities and measures to reduce wait times at the Defra-run Sevington BCP, while noting employer responsibility for health and safety at other BCPs.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
27 Recommendation 4th Report - UK-EU trade: towards a res… Accepted

Outline plans to reduce haulier wait times and ensure adequate 24-hour driver welfare facilities.

In its response to this Report, Defra should outline plans to reduce current wait times for hauliers at the border and outline how it intends to ensure that all drivers have 24-hour adequate welfare facilities. Any future border infrastructure and operational planning must explicitly include provisions for adequate driver facilities … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government accepts this recommendation, outlining ongoing improvements to welfare facilities at Sevington BCP and actions to reduce wait times by coordinating inspections and ensuring proper documentation.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
2 Recommendation 5th Report - UK-EU agritrade: making an… Accepted

Establish and publish the scope of SPS negotiations for effective consultation

The Government and EU should establish the scope of the SPS negotiations as a priority and publish this information on an interim basis, prior to the conclusion of negotiations, to enable effective consultation and scrutiny. (Recommendation, Paragraph 16) Read more

Government response AI summary
The government published a list of EU legislation currently in scope of the agreement on March 9, 2026, and will update it after negotiations.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
8 Conclusion 5th Report - UK-EU agritrade: making an… Accepted

EU genomic technology framework delay undermines UK precision breeding advantage

The EU’s forthcoming new genomic technology (NGT) framework could take several years to be finalised, and waiting for alignment between the EU and UK on precision breeding would undermine England’s first-mover advantage and stall the development and release of PBOs. (Conclusion, Paragraph 33) Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states that secondary legislation needed to implement the Genetic Technology Act 2023 commenced on 13 November 2025. The EU has accepted there will need to be areas where the UK will retain its own rules, as set out in the May 2025 Common …
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
18 Conclusion 5th Report - UK-EU agritrade: making an… Accepted

SPS negotiations hold significant implications for devolved administrations and internal market challenges

SPS negotiations have significant implications for the devolved administrations. While the UK Government leads negotiations, it must take account of the specific needs and priorities of each nation, including regional conditions. Internal market challenges, such as those arising from England’s precision breeding legislation, could be mitigated by a UK–EU SPS … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government accepts the recommendation, outlining various forums and groups used to engage with devolved governments on SPS agreement negotiations and implementation.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
19 Recommendation 5th Report - UK-EU agritrade: making an… Accepted

Ensure devolved administrations hold formal consultative positions in SPS negotiations, outlining participation mechanisms

The Government should ensure that the devolved administrations have a formal consultative position in the negotiations, and outline, in response to this report, the meetings and other mechanisms for this. The Government should also consider the UK-EU SPS agreement as an opportunity to 36 strengthen the UK internal market and … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states that it will continue working closely with devolved governments through forums like the EU Engagement Group, Animal Disease Policy Group (ADPG), the UK National Plant Protection Organisation (NPPO), and the Inter-Ministerial Group on EFRA to include them in SPS negotiations.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
22 Conclusion 5th Report - UK-EU agritrade: making an… Accepted

BTOM provides effective risk-based framework for UK border biosecurity, demonstrating tangible improvements

The UK’s Border Target Operating Model (BTOM) provides a risk-based framework for managing biosecurity threats at the UK border. Our scrutiny and Government action has contributed to tangible improvements in responsiveness, as demonstrated by the swift and effective action taken following the detection of African Swine Fever in Spain, contrasting … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government accepts the recommendation and states that an SPS agreement will mean the UK is able to work with the EU on threats, the UK will play a key role, and they will have access to EU databases.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
23 Conclusion 5th Report - UK-EU agritrade: making an… Accepted

Great Britain must retain ability to apply robust biosecurity measures against European diseases

Maintaining Great Britain’s biosecurity is vital. Britain’s geography provides natural protection from many plant and animal health threats. Any future SPS agreement will require adjustments to existing border controls, but it remains essential that GB retains the ability to apply robust, evidence- based measures to prevent the introduction of diseases … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government accepts the recommendation and states that an SPS agreement will mean the UK is able to work with the EU on threats, the UK will play a key role, and they will have access to EU databases.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
24 Recommendation 5th Report - UK-EU agritrade: making an… Accepted

Ensure Great Britain maintains robust risk-based controls against serious plant and animal diseases

The Government must ensure that Great Britain is able to maintain risk- based controls to protect against serious plant and animal disease threats. This includes the continuation of robust import controls on plants that can host the bacterial disease caused by Xylella species and subspecies. (Recommendation, Paragraph 68) Read more

Government response AI summary
The government accepts the recommendation and states that an SPS agreement will mean the UK is able to work with the EU on threats, the UK will play a key role, and they will have access to EU databases.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
29 Conclusion 5th Report - UK-EU agritrade: making an… Accepted

Public awareness of personal import rules is overestimated and survey methods are inadequate.

Relying on the goodwill of EU travel operators to communicate personal import rules is not an acceptable approach. Defra has acknowledged that its current survey methods make it difficult to assess public awareness of personal import restrictions, and it has subsequently revised down its own estimates after we raised concerns … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government accepts the importance of travellers understanding the rules and notes that GB legislation requires international passenger transport operators to inform customers of personal import restrictions.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
30 Recommendation 5th Report - UK-EU agritrade: making an… Accepted

Mandate EU transport operators inform travellers of UK personal import rules by January 2027 deadline.

Regardless of SPS negotiation timings, the Government must not delay the implementation of the requirement for EU transport operators to draw travellers’ attention to UK rules on personal imports of products of animal origin beyond 31 January 2027. (Recommendation, Paragraph 78) Read more

Government response AI summary
The government accepts the recommendation and acknowledges the importance of travelers understanding the rules that apply to them, noting that legislation requires transport operators to draw attention to information from the competent authority.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
31 Recommendation 5th Report - UK-EU agritrade: making an… Accepted

Publish revised methodology and survey plan for measuring public awareness of personal import rules.

Given the reliance on public awareness for compliance with rules for personal imports from the EU, the Government should ensure its measure of this is as reliable as possible. In response to this report the Government should provide us with its revised methodology and survey plan for measuring public awareness … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government has contracted a research agency to conduct a twice-yearly survey in England to assess public awareness of personal import rules, with the first results expected by May 2026.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
34 Conclusion 5th Report - UK-EU agritrade: making an… Accepted

Lack of compensation clarity for redundant border infrastructure negatively impacts government relationships.

Local authorities and businesses have invested heavily, at the Government’s instruction, in border infrastructure that may become redundant under a new SPS regime. A lack of clarity from HM Treasury regarding compensation has had a negative impact on relationships between local authorities and Government. (Conclusion, Paragraph 87) Read more

Government response AI summary
The government is engaging with port health authorities and port operators regarding impacts of SPS agreement implementation and will abide by any obligations arising from the New Burdens doctrine, and commissioned a proportionate, mixed methods evaluation of the BTOM.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
35 Recommendation 5th Report - UK-EU agritrade: making an… Accepted

Publish compensation position for unused border infrastructure and prevent future stranded investments.

The Government should set out how it will learn lessons from the implementation of the Border Target Operating Model (BTOM), including the handling of costs for unused or under used border infrastructure. It should publish its position on compensation for local authorities and businesses and state how it will ensure … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government accepts the recommendation and is engaging with port health authorities and port operators regarding impacts of SPS agreement implementation. They will use this engagement to inform an approach, abide by any obligations arising from the New Burdens doctrine, and have commissioned an evaluation …
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
42 Conclusion 5th Report - UK-EU agritrade: making an… Accepted

Realities of dynamic alignment and its implications remain poorly explained to the public.

While the Government has been vocal in advocating for an SPS deal and highlighting its benefits for farmers, traders, and the wider UK economy, the realities and implications of dynamic alignment have not been well explained to the public. There is a need for fuller debate on both the benefits … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government published information on the SPS agreement asking businesses to start preparing for changes, and committed to continue to work closely with industry on negotiations and provide clear and timely information and has launched a Call for Information.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
43 Recommendation 5th Report - UK-EU agritrade: making an… Accepted

Set out communication plan for dynamic alignment realities to businesses and the wider public.

The Government should set out in its response to this report how it intends to communicate the realities of dynamic alignment—not only to affected businesses, farmers, producers, and industry stakeholders, but also to the wider public—explaining the benefits and challenges and how this approach interacts with the UK’s democratic processes. … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government published information on the SPS agreement asking businesses to prepare, and will publish further information, starting from May this year, along with guidance, and launched a Call for Information to hear directly from businesses about what they need.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs

Oral evidence sessions

8 sessions
Date Witnesses
30 Jun 2026 Abigail Seager · Defra, Dr Suzanne Eckford · Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD), Lea Reynolds · Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD) View ↗
17 Mar 2026 Dr Rob Williams · British Veterinary Association, Professor Caroline Argo · SRUC Veterinary School, Professor Matt Jones · Harper and Keele Veterinary School, Professor Tim Parkin · Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons View ↗
9 Dec 2025 Baroness Hayman of Ullock · Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Dr Christine Middlemiss CB · Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Mark Thompson · Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Professor Nicola Spence CBE · Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs View ↗
21 Oct 2025 Geoff Ogle · Food Standards Scotland (FSS), Katie Pettifer · Food Standards Agency (FSA) View ↗
6 May 2025 Gareth Baynham-Hughes · Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs, Spencer Draper · Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs, The Baroness Hayman of Ullock · Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs View ↗
25 Mar 2025 Katrina Walsh · International Meat Trade Association, Nichola Mallon · Logistics UK, Nigel Jenney · Fresh Produce Consortium, Sally Cullimore · Horticultural Trades Association (HTA) View ↗
4 Mar 2025 Dr Christine Middlemiss · Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs, Dr Jenny Stewart · Animal and Plant Health Agency, Dr Jude McCann · Farming Community Network, Lizzie Wilson · National Pig Association, Richard Griffiths · British Poultry Council, Sarah Tomlinson · TB Advisory Service View ↗
4 Feb 2025 David Smith · Border Force, Helen Buckingham · OneResolution, Lucy Manzano · Dover Port Health Authority View ↗

Who gave evidence

29 witnesses
WitnessOrganisationSessions
Abigail Seager · Chief Executive Officer, Veterinary Medicines Dir… Defra 1
Baroness Hayman of Ullock · Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 1
David Smith · South East Regional Director Border Force 1
Dr Christine Middlemiss · Chief Veterinary Officer Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs 1
Dr Christine Middlemiss CB · Chief Veterinary Officer Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 1
Dr Jenny Stewart · Interim Chief Executive Animal and Plant Health Agency 1
Dr Jude McCann · Chief Executive Officer Farming Community Network 1
Dr Rob Williams · President British Veterinary Association 1
Dr Suzanne Eckford · Head of International Office Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD) 1
Gareth Baynham-Hughes · Director of Marine and Fisheries Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs 1
Geoff Ogle · Chief Executive Food Standards Scotland (FSS) 1
Helen Buckingham · Chartered Environmental Health Practitioner and r… OneResolution 1
Katie Pettifer · Chief Executive Food Standards Agency (FSA) 1
Katrina Walsh · Strategy Director International Meat Trade Association 1
Lea Reynolds · Head of Policy Development and Delivery Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD) 1
Lizzie Wilson · Chief Executive Officer National Pig Association 1
Lucy Manzano · Head of Port Health and Public Protection Dover Port Health Authority 1
Mark Thompson · Director, Northern Ireland, Biosecurity, and Trad… Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 1
Nichola Mallon · Head of Trade and Devolved Policy Logistics UK 1
Nigel Jenney · Chief Executive Fresh Produce Consortium 1
Professor Caroline Argo · Dean SRUC Veterinary School 1
Professor Matt Jones · Head Harper and Keele Veterinary School 1
Professor Nicola Spence CBE · The UK Chief Plant Health Officer Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 1
Professor Tim Parkin · President Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons 1
Richard Griffiths · Chief Executive British Poultry Council 1
Sally Cullimore · Technical Policy Manager Horticultural Trades Association (HTA) 1
Sarah Tomlinson · lead veterinary science expert, AHDB and Technica… TB Advisory Service 1
Spencer Draper · Head of Borders Delivery, Northern Ireland, Biose… Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs 1
The Baroness Hayman of Ullock · Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 1

Correspondence

51 letters
DateDirectionTitle
30 Jun 2026 Correspondence from Baroness Hayman, Minister for Animal Welfare and Biosecurit…
23 Jun 2026 Correspondence from Baroness Hayman, Minister for Animal Welfare and Biosecurit…
5 Jun 2026 Correspondence to Baroness Hayman regarding concerns about access to veterinary…
3 Jun 2026 Correspondence from Baroness Hayman on preparations for a future Sanitary and P…
19 May 2026 Correspondence from the Agricultural Engineers Association regarding Silsoe Spr…
28 Apr 2026 Correspondence from Association of Port Health Authorities to the Chair relatin…
14 Apr 2026 Correspondence from the Chair of the Animal Sentience Committee relating to the…
14 Apr 2026 Correspondence from the Ashford Borough Council Corporate Director for Port Hea…
24 Mar 2026 Correspondence from the Animal Sentience Committee regarding their two new repo…
24 Mar 2026 Correspondence from Marsha De Cordova MP in her capacity as Leader and Co-Chair…
17 Mar 2026 Correspondence to Ashford Port Health Authority relating to non-attendance of c…
17 Mar 2026 Correspondence from Paul Kissack, Permanent Secretary, Defra, re update on Defr…
17 Mar 2026 Correspondence from the Dogs Trust regarding changes to the Companion Club, dat…
17 Mar 2026 Correspondence from Baroness Hayman, Minister for Biosecurity, Borders and Anim…
13 Feb 2026 Correspondence from Michael Seals, Animal Sentience Committee regarding having …
28 Jan 2026 Correspondence from Baroness Hayman, Minister for Biosecurity, Borders and Anim…
28 Jan 2026 Correspondence from Baroness Hayman, Minister for Biosecurity, Borders and Anim…
13 Jan 2026 Correspondence from Michael Seals, Chair of the Animal Sentience Committee, reg…
13 Jan 2026 Correspondence to the Chair of the Public Administration and Constitutional Aff…
13 Jan 2026 Correspondence from Ann Cuthbert regarding systemic regulatory failure in the o…