Select Committee · Public Accounts Committee

Lessons from major projects and programmes

Status: Closed Opened: 5 Nov 2020 Closed: 25 Mar 2021 29 conclusions 1 report

The Government Major Projects Portfolio currently comprises 125 major programmes at a combined cost of £448 billion - and in addition, government has committed to spending £640 billion for new infrastructure projects between now and 2025. The ability of government to successfully navigate the unique and novel challenges of delivering major programmes is crucial to …

Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
Thirty-Ninth Report - Lessons from major projects and progr… HC 694 29 Jan 2021 29 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

29 items
2 Conclusion Thirty-Ninth Report - Lessons from majo…

We are concerned about the continued lack of transparency to Parliament about the progress of...

We are concerned about the continued lack of transparency to Parliament about the progress of government projects. This Committee has examined many programmes where issues were emerging for some time that only became public knowledge much later. For example, the Committee was kept in the dark for over a year …

Government response. 2. 1 The government agrees with the Committee’s recommendation. Target implementation date: July 2021 2.2 The IPA recognises that, to enable effective parliamentary scrutiny, the right type and amount of information about major projects needs to be made available in …
HM Treasury
3 Conclusion Thirty-Ninth Report - Lessons from majo…

We welcome the IPA’s plans to strengthen how it assures government’s major projects and the...

We welcome the IPA’s plans to strengthen how it assures government’s major projects and the recent clarification of it roles and responsibilities, but it remains to be seen whether the IPA will be able to effectively ensure those delivering projects make the level of improvement required. In the past, we …

Government response. 3.1 The government agrees with the Committee’s recommendation. Target implementation date: August 2021 3.2 In 2020, the IPA worked across government to ensure that every project that meets the eligibility criteria is included in the GMPP, which has led to …
HM Treasury
4 Conclusion Thirty-Ninth Report - Lessons from majo…

There is scope for a more mature approach to setting and monitoring cost and schedule...

There is scope for a more mature approach to setting and monitoring cost and schedule estimates by using ranges which narrow over time. The UK government has some of the most novel and complex programmes in the world. The issues that major programmes face are not unique to the public …

Government response. 4.1 The government agrees with the Committee’s recommendation. Target implementation date: April 2021 4.2 In January 2021, the IPA Chief Executive Officer (CEO) addressed permanent secretaries, requesting that they insist their teams are more realistic and evidence-driven in their approach …
HM Treasury
5 Conclusion Thirty-Ninth Report - Lessons from majo…

The calibre and number of people in leadership positions in major projects is still not...

The calibre and number of people in leadership positions in major projects is still not strong enough. Skills and leadership remain a persistent problem in delivering major projects, particularly in getting the appropriate mix of skills across areas such as civil engineering and digital systems. While the tenure of Senior …

Government response. 5.1 The government agrees with the Committee’s recommendation. Target implementation date: August 2021 5.2 The government recognises the importance of appropriate training and continual professional development for all people working on major projects. For clarity, the Major Project Leadership Academy …
HM Treasury
6 Conclusion Thirty-Ninth Report - Lessons from majo…

It is vital that Parliament’s own major project, the Restoration and Renewal programme, is an...

It is vital that Parliament’s own major project, the Restoration and Renewal programme, is an exemplar of an open and transparent project which welcomes scrutiny. The restoration and renewal of the Palace of Westminster is a highly complex programme with a number of uncertainties that underpin it, including the condition …

Government response. 6.1 The government disagrees with the Committee’s recommendation. 6.2 The government recognises the importance of the Restoration and Renewal project and the complex challenge it presents. As the Committee acknowledges, R&R is a parliamentary rather than a government project. Therefore, …
HM Treasury
1 Conclusion Thirty-Ninth Report - Lessons from majo…

On the basis of a report by the Comptroller and Auditor General, we took evidence...

On the basis of a report by the Comptroller and Auditor General, we took evidence from the Infrastructure and Projects Authority (the IPA) about the delivery and assurance of government major programmes.1

Government response. Based on a report by the National Audit Office, the Committee took evidence on 30 November 2020 from the Infrastructure and Projects Authority. The Committee published its report on 29 January 2021. This is the government’s response to the Committee’s …
HM Treasury
7 Conclusion Thirty-Ninth Report - Lessons from majo…

We asked about the capacity of both government and the private sector to deliver large...

We asked about the capacity of both government and the private sector to deliver large increases in activity efficiently and effectively. The Government’s commitment to reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 will add further challenges to meeting these commitments.8 The IPA told us that it sees the government’s plans …

HM Treasury
9 Conclusion Thirty-Ninth Report - Lessons from majo…

Within the National Infrastructure Strategy, the government also announced the initiatives that had come out...

Within the National Infrastructure Strategy, the government also announced the initiatives that had come out of Project Speed, which it set up over the summer to review the infrastructure project life cycle and identify where improvements could be made in delivering them faster. These initiatives include measures such as reforms …

Government response. 1.4 HM Treasury has also established Project Speed, in collaboration with 10 Downing Street and the IPA, to deliver infrastructure projects better, greener and faster. Around 85 Project Speed reforms were announced in the National Infrastructure Strategy in November 2020. …
HM Treasury
10 Conclusion Thirty-Ninth Report - Lessons from majo…

Government has also made changes to its Green Book guidance on evaluating investment proposals, such...

Government has also made changes to its Green Book guidance on evaluating investment proposals, such as reducing the dominance of benefit-cost ratios (BCRs) in project appraisal and introducing a new public value framework.15 The IPA stated that being fixated on the BCR in the past has tended to lead to …

Government response. 1.3 Spending Review 2020 also embedded a new focus on real-world outcomes and tied spending and performance more closely together, to ensure that spending delivers value for money. Provisional priority outcomes were published for each UK government department, capturing the …
HM Treasury
12 Conclusion Thirty-Ninth Report - Lessons from majo…

The NIC agreed, stating that when building infrastructure, government needs to spend sufficient time at...

The NIC agreed, stating that when building infrastructure, government needs to spend sufficient time at the start deciding on the exact outcomes it wants and the ways those outcomes can be best achieved. This involves rigorous option appraisal and, critically, meaningful engagement with the public and stakeholders to understand key …

HM Treasury
13 Conclusion Thirty-Ninth Report - Lessons from majo…

The IPA stated that it is working with government to improve the quality of cost...

The IPA stated that it is working with government to improve the quality of cost estimation and is currently working on a standard for developing guidance on cost estimating. It has also set up a cross-departmental cost estimating community to share best practice.21 The NIC told us that the Government’s …

Government response. 4.2 In January 2021, the IPA Chief Executive Officer (CEO) addressed permanent secretaries, requesting that they insist their teams are more realistic and evidence-driven in their approach to estimations of major project cost and schedule. The IPA will formally set …
HM Treasury
14 Conclusion Thirty-Ninth Report - Lessons from majo…

The IPA and NIC stated that programmes should provide a reasonable range of outcomes for...

The IPA and NIC stated that programmes should provide a reasonable range of outcomes for likely costs and schedule that reflects the level of uncertainty in a programme.23 The Comptroller and Auditor General has also recommended the use of 16 Q 82 17 Q 85 18 Q 3 19 Q …

Government response. 4.1 The government agrees with the Committee’s recommendation. Target implementation date: April 2021 4.2 In January 2021, the IPA Chief Executive Officer (CEO) addressed permanent secretaries, requesting that they insist their teams are more realistic and evidence-driven in their approach …
HM Treasury
15 Conclusion Thirty-Ninth Report - Lessons from majo…

Skills and leadership remain a persistent problem in delivering major projects.

Skills and leadership remain a persistent problem in delivering major projects. Our report on specialist skills in the civil service concluded that skills shortages were responsible for delays, inefficiencies and increased costs in government projects, with the lack of skills in the Home Office partly responsible for the 3-year delay …

Government response. 5.1 The government agrees with the Committee’s recommendation. Target implementation date: August 2021 5.2 The government recognises the importance of appropriate training and continual professional development for all people working on major projects. For clarity, the Major Project Leadership Academy …
HM Treasury
16 Conclusion Thirty-Ninth Report - Lessons from majo…

However, the IPA stated that many SROs manage more than one programme, and typically have...

However, the IPA stated that many SROs manage more than one programme, and typically have four or five, which means they are “not being afforded the time in role to do the necessary work.”30 The IPA said that government needed to recruit 25 to 35 more senior responsible owners with …

Government response. 5.1 The government agrees with the Committee’s recommendation. Target implementation date: August 2021 5.2 The government recognises the importance of appropriate training and continual professional development for all people working on major projects. For clarity, the Major Project Leadership Academy …
HM Treasury
17 Conclusion Thirty-Ninth Report - Lessons from majo…

The IPA told us that, to remedy this issue, in addition to making attendance at...

The IPA told us that, to remedy this issue, in addition to making attendance at the Major Projects Leadership Academy mandatory for SROs, the IPA aims to give them an assessment and an accreditation to ensure that they have the necessary skills for their roles. This is in addition to …

Government response. 5.1 The government agrees with the Committee’s recommendation. Target implementation date: August 2021 5.2 The government recognises the importance of appropriate training and continual professional development for all people working on major projects. For clarity, the Major Project Leadership Academy …
HM Treasury
19 Conclusion Thirty-Ninth Report - Lessons from majo…

The IPA agreed that creating a culture of transparency and openness are the foundations of...

The IPA agreed that creating a culture of transparency and openness are the foundations of effective project delivery. It promotes these values within its principles of project success, namely “Prioritise people and behaviour” and “Tell it like it is”.35 It used Crossrail as an example, where people at the working …

HM Treasury
20 Conclusion Thirty-Ninth Report - Lessons from majo…

Projects need good data to appropriately track programme performance, but the underlying data which communicates...

Projects need good data to appropriately track programme performance, but the underlying data which communicates progress can be poor. The Comptroller and Auditor General’s report refers to multiple estimates and numbers being in use within Departments and insufficient or out of date evidence supporting reporting.37 As we noted recently in …

HM Treasury
21 Conclusion Thirty-Ninth Report - Lessons from majo…

The IPA stated that releasing all data at the detailed level would cause issues within...

The IPA stated that releasing all data at the detailed level would cause issues within the supply chain. It argued that it does not release its own assurance reviews so that it can have effective and candid discussions with programme leaders, which would be undermined if the reviews were made …

HM Treasury
22 Conclusion Thirty-Ninth Report - Lessons from majo…

The IPA provides a range of assurance and support services to major programmes, with one...

The IPA provides a range of assurance and support services to major programmes, with one of its key activities being gateway reviews of programmes at key decision points, such as each approval stage of the Business Case. Major programmes typically join the GMPP as they approach the strategic outline business …

HM Treasury
23 Conclusion Thirty-Ninth Report - Lessons from majo…

The IPA considers that while its gateway review process is good, government has not always...

The IPA considers that while its gateway review process is good, government has not always applied it with the rigour needed.45 This has meant that programmes with significant issues have proceeded through Gateways even when they were given a delivery confidence assessment rating of amber or red. The IPA is …

Government response. 3.3 The IPA recently separated its support and assurance functions to ensure evaluations of projects are consistently robust and impartial. From 2021, the GMPP RAG rating system will be simplified from five categories (Red, Red/Amber, Amber, Amber/Green, Green) to three …
HM Treasury
24 Conclusion Thirty-Ninth Report - Lessons from majo…

The IPA pointed to the Lower Thames Crossing as a recent example of where it...

The IPA pointed to the Lower Thames Crossing as a recent example of where it has made meaningful impact on a programme’s delivery. It stated that the programme had an ambitious schedule and was larger than any other scheme that Highways England had taken on before. The IPA refused to …

HM Treasury
25 Conclusion Thirty-Ninth Report - Lessons from majo…

We noted that the number of projects rated as red has increased from four to...

We noted that the number of projects rated as red has increased from four to eleven in the IPA’s most recent annual report and questioned the IPA on how we should measure its success going forward.49 The IPA stated that one would expect to see more issues being raised in …

Government response. 3.2 In 2020, the IPA worked across government to ensure that every project that meets the eligibility criteria is included in the GMPP, which has led to an increase in the size of the portfolio. The IPA encourages departments to …
HM Treasury
26 Conclusion Thirty-Ninth Report - Lessons from majo…

The IPA told us that it is looking to introduce metrics to help it understand...

The IPA told us that it is looking to introduce metrics to help it understand whether it is making a material difference to projects passing through stage gates, and what impact it is having on programmes that are underway.51 The IPA also told us it has in place a “get …

Government response. 3.2 In 2020, the IPA worked across government to ensure that every project that meets the eligibility criteria is included in the GMPP, which has led to an increase in the size of the portfolio. The IPA encourages departments to …
HM Treasury
27 Conclusion Thirty-Ninth Report - Lessons from majo…

Since the IPA’s remit covers the government major programmes portfolio, it does not extend to...

Since the IPA’s remit covers the government major programmes portfolio, it does not extend to the restoration and renewal of the Houses of Parliament, or the associated Northern Estates programme.54 The Restoration and Renewal programme is overseen by a Sponsor body and a Delivery authority, both of which are ultimately …

Government response. 6.1 The government disagrees with the Committee’s recommendation. 6.2 The government recognises the importance of the Restoration and Renewal project and the complex challenge it presents. As the Committee acknowledges, R&R is a parliamentary rather than a government project. Therefore, …
HM Treasury
28 Conclusion Thirty-Ninth Report - Lessons from majo…

Whilst the IPA has provided support and advice in an advisory capacity to the programme,...

Whilst the IPA has provided support and advice in an advisory capacity to the programme, it does not currently fall within the IPA’s formal remit. The IPA was engaged in implementing the recommendations of the Joint Committee report on the Palace of Westminster of September 2016, and did support the …

Government response. 6.1 The government disagrees with the Committee’s recommendation. 6.2 The government recognises the importance of the Restoration and Renewal project and the complex challenge it presents. As the Committee acknowledges, R&R is a parliamentary rather than a government project. Therefore, …
HM Treasury
29 Conclusion Thirty-Ninth Report - Lessons from majo…

When asked, the IPA stated that it could not see a reason why it could...

When asked, the IPA stated that it could not see a reason why it could not provide further assurance over the programme, if asked to by Parliament.59 When we reported on the programme in October 2020, we welcomed the decision of the Sponsor body to engage with the IPA and …

Government response. 6.1 The government disagrees with the Committee’s recommendation. 6.2 The government recognises the importance of the Restoration and Renewal project and the complex challenge it presents. As the Committee acknowledges, R&R is a parliamentary rather than a government project. Therefore, …
HM Treasury

Oral evidence sessions

1 session
Date Witnesses
30 Nov 2020 Matthew Vickerstaff · NISTA, Nick Smallwood · Infrastructure and Projects Authority View ↗

Correspondence

2 letters
DateDirectionTitle
16 Nov 2021 Correspondence from Alex Chisholm, Civil Service Chief Operating Officer and Ca…
14 Sep 2021 Written evidence submitted by Amit Bhagwat