Select Committee · Public Accounts Committee

Carbon Capture, Usage and Storage

Status: Closed Opened: 31 Oct 2024 Closed: 3 Apr 2025 11 recommendations 15 conclusions 1 report

Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) technology involves the capturing of CO2 emissions and their permanent storage underground. In 2021, the Government set out an ambition in its Net Zero Strategy for four CCUS clusters capturing 20 to 30 million tonnes of carbon per annum by 2030. The Department for Energy Security and Net Zero …

Clear

Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
8th Report - Carbon Capture, Usage and Storage HC 351 7 Feb 2025 26 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

16 items
2 Conclusion 8th Report - Carbon Capture, Usage and … Accepted

Introduce mechanisms for taxpayers and consumers to benefit financially from future CCUS project success

While the Department is taking steps to incentivise efficient delivery of the CCUS projects, it has not established mechanisms to make sure that taxpayers and consumers will benefit financially should the programme be successful. The Department has developed a range of business models for applying CCUS to a range of …

Government response. The government agrees, stating that existing business models already include mechanisms like a 'gainshare' in the Net Zero Teesside Dispatchable Power Agreement to ensure financial benefit for taxpayers and consumers. The Department will continue to evolve these models, working with …
HM Treasury
3 Conclusion 8th Report - Carbon Capture, Usage and … Accepted

Assess the full CCUS programme's affordability for taxpayers and consumers amid cost of living pressures

The Department and HM Treasury have yet to assess the full financial impact of the CCUS programme on taxpayers and consumers. The costs of the CCUS programme are significant: in November 2024 the government announced £21.7 billion of funding over 25 years to cover only the first five CCUS projects. …

Government response. The government agrees and states that it already assesses the affordability of CCUS support as part of key policy processes and Spending Reviews. It highlights that rigorous assessments, in line with Treasury Green Book principles, have already been undertaken for …
HM Treasury
4 Conclusion 8th Report - Carbon Capture, Usage and … Accepted

Department and Treasury lack clarity on accounting for CCUS project underperformance and scientific advances

The Department and HM Treasury lack clarity on how they would take account of project underperformance and advances in scientific understanding as part of their ongoing assessment of the programme’s future. The Department had a clear set of five factors it considered when assessing the value for money of the …

Government response. The government agrees and is taking several actions regarding BECCS, including developing new sustainability criteria for future support, planning a consultation on a common biomass sustainability framework, commissioning BSI to develop GGR methodologies by mid-2025, and launching an independent review …
HM Treasury
5 Recommendation 8th Report - Carbon Capture, Usage and … Accepted

Set out rationale for supporting CCUS in each sector, considering cost-effective alternatives

To date, the Department has done little to ensure that government support for CCUS is directed to the sectors or locations where it will be essential for achieving net zero. CCUS is currently seen as the only way to decarbonise certain industries. For example, it is estimated that 60–70% 6 …

Government response. The government agrees, stating the recommendation has been implemented as the Department already sets out its rationale for supporting CCUS in various sectoral strategies and compares costs with alternative approaches to achieve net zero. It ensures resources are allocated to …
HM Treasury
6 Recommendation 8th Report - Carbon Capture, Usage and … Accepted

Set out urgent new carbon capture targets and clarify how to address net zero shortfall

The Department has downgraded its ambitions for the CCUS programme, stating that the original 2030 ambitions are no longer achievable. The current CCUS programme is the government’s third attempt to introduce the technology. Compared with previous attempts, the government is now more reliant on CCUS succeeding as it sees the …

Government response. The government agrees and outlines its plan to monitor and report on net carbon captured by CCUS projects once operations begin, detailing obligations for Transport & Storage Companies and capture projects to report capture rates, storage performance, and leakage to …
HM Treasury
1 Conclusion 8th Report - Carbon Capture, Usage and … Accepted

Committee receives evidence on Department's carbon capture, usage and storage programme

On the basis of a report by the Comptroller and Auditor General, we took evidence from the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (the Department) on its carbon capture, usage and storage programme.1

Government response. The government states it has already created business models to provide minimum subsidy, established a Cluster Sponsor Function to monitor progress and risks, and set up assurance and control mechanisms, including a new construction team with monthly reviews.
HM Treasury
8 Conclusion 8th Report - Carbon Capture, Usage and … Accepted

Significant risks and unproven technology hinder successful CCUS implementation at commercial scale

Significant risks to the successful implementation of CCUS technology remain. There are still no CCUS plants operating at a commercial scale in the UK and the technology is unproven at the scale being planned.20 For example, written evidence we received stated that there are currently only two power stations worldwide …

Government response. The department has created business models that provide the minimum subsidy required, keeps the allocation of costs and risks under review to reduce subsidy, has established assurance and control mechanisms, created a new construction team and finance lead, and will …
HM Treasury
9 Recommendation 8th Report - Carbon Capture, Usage and … Accepted

Untested business models and contracts expose taxpayers to huge CCUS programme costs

Given the scale of the funding announced for the first five projects and the size of the contingent liabilities that the Department has recognised for its underwriting of the programme, the potential costs to taxpayers and consumers are huge. The Department intends to manage the risks through a series of …

Government response. The department has created business models that provide the minimum subsidy required, keeps the allocation of costs and risks under review to reduce subsidy, has established assurance and control mechanisms, created a new construction team and finance lead, and will …
HM Treasury
12 Recommendation 8th Report - Carbon Capture, Usage and … Accepted

Department lacks clear plan for government to share in successful CCUS project profits

We asked the Department whether its business models allow for the government to take a share of any profit a project makes if the programme is successful.37 But the Department could not provide a compelling answer.38 Now that the Department has signed its first two contracts for carbon capture and …

Government response. The department will continue to evolve business models including mechanisms to ensure taxpayers and consumers benefit financially from the success of CCUS projects, including gainshare, and will work with the National Wealth Fund and Great British Energy to support delivery …
HM Treasury
16 Recommendation 8th Report - Carbon Capture, Usage and … Accepted

NESO report indicates power CCUS reduces energy costs but requires more upfront financial support

The Department referred us to recent work from National Energy System Operator [NESO] on decarbonising the power system.53 It told us that NESO’s report, which concluded that CCUS was one of two pathways to a low–cost energy system, highlighted that the lowest cost system will include the use of dispatchable …

Government response. The Department and HM Treasury will assess whether the full CCUS programme will be affordable for taxpayers and consumers, with a target implementation date of Summer 2025.
HM Treasury
21 Recommendation 8th Report - Carbon Capture, Usage and … Accepted

Concerns raised about CCUS effectiveness and unaddressed methane leakage from LNG supply chains

The Department recognised that there are some “contested views” concerning, for example, the effectiveness of CCUS in reducing emissions from gas–fired power stations.69 We received written evidence suggesting that there are higher levels of methane (a gas with significant greenhouse effects) leakage throughout the supply chain for liquified natural gas …

Government response. The government will reappraise on an annual basis its approach to assessing the value for money of CCUS projects, considering the impact of up-to-date scientific understanding. This appraisal has been implemented since the start of the CCUS programme and was …
HM Treasury
22 Recommendation 8th Report - Carbon Capture, Usage and … Accepted

No BECCS projects in Track 1 despite importance for unachievable 2030 greenhouse gas removal targets

The original 2030 targets for the CCUS programme, which the government has now told us are unachievable, included a goal for the UK to achieve 5 mtpa of engineered greenhouse gas removals. The bulk of this was expected to be achieved by applying CCUS technology to a biomass energy plant …

Government response. The government agreed that any future support for BECCS will be accompanied by monitoring arrangements that provide real assurance that industry is meeting sustainability criteria, which will build on existing sustainability criteria for biomass, with target implementation in Summer 2025. …
HM Treasury
23 Recommendation 8th Report - Carbon Capture, Usage and … Accepted

CCUS remains only viable decarbonisation method for specific industrial process emissions

At present, CCUS technology is the only way to decarbonise industries that generate emissions from physical or chemical processes, rather than from the combustion of fuels. For example, 60 to 70% of emissions from the cement industry come from chemical reactions during production.78 We received written evidence stating that while …

Government response. The government agreed to set out its rationale for supporting CCUS in each sector where it could be applied, including considering whether alternative approaches could be more cost effective, referencing various sectoral strategies and analysis. Separately, an independent review will …
HM Treasury
24 Recommendation 8th Report - Carbon Capture, Usage and … Accepted

Alternative pathways exist for power sector decarbonisation without relying on CCUS technology

In other sectors, there are viable methods to decarbonise that do not require CCUS. For example, the Department told us that CCUS could play a particularly important role in power generation.80 However, there are other ways that the UK could decarbonise the power sector. A recent report by the National …

Government response. The government agreed to set out its rationale for supporting CCUS in each sector where it could be applied, including considering whether alternative approaches could be more cost effective, referencing various sectoral strategies and analysis. Separately, an independent review will …
HM Treasury
25 Recommendation 8th Report - Carbon Capture, Usage and … Accepted

Department's CCUS strategy prioritises cost-efficient geographical clusters for diverse industrial sectors

The Department’s approach to date has been focused on rolling out CCUS to geographical clusters. The Department told us that its cluster–based approach makes sense in terms of cost–efficiency as fewer and shorter pipelines need to be built and because there will be multiple emitters at each cluster that can …

Government response. The department has already set out the relative role of CCUS in decarbonising sectors in various sectoral strategies and regularly updates its analysis as part of the carbon budget delivery cycle, ensuring that CCUS resources are allocated where few alternatives …
HM Treasury
26 Recommendation 8th Report - Carbon Capture, Usage and … Accepted

Industries needing CCUS are not always clustered; support for dispersed sites undecided

However, there is no guarantee that the industries most in need of CCUS will be located in a geographical cluster.85 A cement plant was short–listed for Track 1 in March 2023, but as yet government has not agreed terms with it.86 The Department told us that it was aware of …

Government response. The department has already set out the relative role of CCUS in decarbonising sectors in various sectoral strategies and regularly updates its analysis as part of the carbon budget delivery cycle, ensuring that CCUS resources are allocated where few alternatives …
HM Treasury

Oral evidence sessions

1 session
Date Witnesses
12 Dec 2024 Ashley Ibbett · Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, Jeremy Pocklington CB · Ministry of Defence, Paro Konar · Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, Steve Field · HM Treasury View ↗

Correspondence

3 letters
DateDirectionTitle
27 Jan 2025 To cttee Letter from the Permanent Secretary of the Department for Energy Security and N…
20 Jan 2025 To cttee Letter from the Permanent Secretary of the Department for Energy Security and N…
19 Dec 2024 From cttee Letter to the Permanent Secretary of the Department of Energy, Security and Net…