Select Committee · Public Accounts Committee

Progress in implementing Universal Credit

Status: Closed Opened: 10 Jan 2024 Closed: 28 May 2024 5 recommendations 31 conclusions 1 report

There are currently around six million people receiving Universal Credit (UC) benefit payments, launched in 2010 to replace six-means-tested benefits for working-age households. At the end of 2022, some 2.5m households remained on legacy benefits, with the Department for Work & Pensions (DWP) starting to scale up moving people onto UC through its ‘managed migration’ … Show more

Clear

Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
Twenty-Ninth Report - Progress in implementing Universal Cr… HC 458 26 Apr 2024 36 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

23 items
3 Recommendation Twenty-Ninth Report - Progress in imple… Accepted

Publish Universal Credit non-claim rates and survey results of non-transferring legacy benefit claimants.

Many vulnerable people risk falling into financial hardship if the proportion of legacy benefit claimants not switching to Universal Credit remains at its current level. Around one in five households on Tax Credits who received a migration notice have not moved to Universal Credit and so have had their benefit … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees and will publish Universal Credit non-claim rates by legacy benefit type, extending to wider types as migration progresses, and will monitor rates closely with remedial actions if needed. It also commits to publishing the results of the Tax Credit non-claim survey by …
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HM Treasury
4 Recommendation Twenty-Ninth Report - Progress in imple… Accepted

Set out how to monitor adequacy and effectiveness of in-house Universal Credit migration support.

The Department’s in-house support for claimants moving to Universal Credit has so far been limited, particularly face-to-face provision, and will need to improve as more vulnerable claimants move from its legacy benefits. The Department’s practical support for Tax Credit claimants moving to Universal Credit has mainly been through its telephone … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees and will monitor the adequacy and effectiveness of its in-house support for Universal Credit claimants by tracking claimant journeys, phone call volumes, face-to-face referrals, and introducing a Complex Case Coach role for oversight.
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HM Treasury
5 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Progress in imple… Accepted

Explain plans to review Help to Claim service and address unmet demand from vulnerable claimants.

The Department is reducing its grant funding for the external Help to Claim service at the same time as more claimants will need advice and support to move from legacy benefits to Universal Credit. The ‘Help to Claim’ service, provided through grant funding agreements between the Department and Citizens Advice, … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees and will comprehensively monitor the Help to Claim service through weekly, monthly, and quarterly meetings, board reviews, and mid- and end-of-year reports to ensure it meets demand, especially for vulnerable claimants.
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HM Treasury
7 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Progress in imple… Accepted

Explain how lessons from current migration programme will prepare for ESA claimant move.

With the move of Employment and Support Allowance claimants to Universal Credit now deferred to 2028, it will be vital for the Department to capture and act upon the learning from its current programme about how to migrate vulnerable claimants effectively. The Government announced, in the 2022 Autumn Statement, that … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the need to be ready for the migration of ESA claimants by 2024-25, building on existing learnings by capturing the effectiveness of enhanced support journeys through monitoring, with initial findings expected in 2024.
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HM Treasury
1 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Progress in imple… Accepted

Committee took evidence on Department for Work and Pensions' Universal Credit implementation progress

On the basis of a report by the Comptroller and Auditor General, we took evidence from the Department for Work & Pensions (the Department) on progress in implementing Universal Credit (UC).1

Government response AI summary
The government states it has existing evaluation requirements from the Green and Magenta Books, has set up an Evaluation Task Force, published updated guidance on Treasury Approvals in April 2024, and will update the Magenta Book in 2025 to clarify evaluation guidance.
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HM Treasury
15 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Progress in imple… Accepted

Twenty-one percent of Tax Credit households failed to migrate to Universal Credit

At December 2023, nearly all the migration notices that the Department had sent (99.5%) had gone to households in receipt of Tax Credits alone. Of the 148,700 cases closed, 31,500 households (21%) had not applied for UC and their legacy benefit had been stopped. The Department found during its testing … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees and states the recommendation is implemented, committing to publishing quarterly statistics on non-claim rates for wider legacy benefit types as they migrate and to publishing results of a dedicated survey of Tax Credit non-claims by the end of the year.
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HM Treasury
16 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Progress in imple… Accepted

Department initially underestimated Universal Credit non-claim rate for Tax Credit claimants.

The Department told us that, before the migration started, it had no evidence to use to assess how many Tax Credit claimants would not transfer to UC. At the time, the public finances had been under challenge so it had decided to make a safe assessment of what the non-claim … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees, confirming it will publish quarterly statistics on non-claim rates, expand coverage to include wider legacy benefit types, closely monitor rates, and publish results of a dedicated survey on Tax Credit non-claims by the end of the year, with plans for remedial actions …
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HM Treasury
17 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Progress in imple… Accepted

Department identifies multiple reasons for UC non-claims, including eligibility and small awards.

We asked the Department why so many people were not moving to UC. The Department said it had been doing research on this, including during the testing phase, and had changed how it did some things as a result – for example, it had made it clearer in its migration … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the committee, stating it will expand quarterly statistics to include non-claim rates for wider legacy benefit types, closely monitor these rates, develop remedial actions if issues arise, and publish the results of a dedicated survey by year-end.
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HM Treasury
18 Recommendation Twenty-Ninth Report - Progress in imple… Accepted

Department does not fully understand why legacy benefit claimants fail to transfer to Universal Credit.

The Department does not fully understand why some people on legacy benefits do not transfer to UC.35 It told us that it drew some comfort about the non-claim rate from 28 C&AG’s Report, paras 2.11, 2.12, Figure 12 29 Qq 93–94 30 Q 75 31 C&AG’s Report, para 2.11 32 … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the Committee’s recommendation and states it has been implemented, noting the department currently publishes statistics on claim rates to Universal Credit, by legacy benefit type, on a quarterly basis which will start to include the non-claim rates for wider legacy benefit …
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HM Treasury
19 Recommendation Twenty-Ninth Report - Progress in imple… Accepted

High Universal Credit non-claim rate causes significant income loss for vulnerable households.

Organisations who work with benefit claimants submitted written evidence raising concerns about the non-claim rate and the implications if people did not move to UC. Citizens Advice, for example, said that the non-claim rate was alarmingly high and the resulting loss of income was likely to have a significant impact … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the Committee’s recommendation and states it has been implemented, noting the department currently publishes statistics on claim rates to Universal Credit, by legacy benefit type, on a quarterly basis which will start to include the non-claim rates for wider legacy benefit …
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HM Treasury
20 Recommendation Twenty-Ninth Report - Progress in imple… Accepted

Department's UC migration support relies heavily on helplines, with minimal home visits provided.

The Department provides practical support for claimants moving from legacy benefits to UC through a variety of channels including online through the gov.uk website, via a free telephone helpline, and face-to-face at jobcentres and through its home visiting service. So far, the Department’s support for Tax Credit claimants moving to … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the Committee’s recommendation and states it has been implemented, noting that it has estimated the resource needed for enhanced support and will monitor the journey of claimants who are provided with this support, Complex Case Coach role has been introduced and …
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HM Treasury
21 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Progress in imple… Accepted

External organisations express concerns over inadequate DWP support for vulnerable Universal Credit migrants.

Organisations who work with benefit claimants have raised concerns about the sufficiency and effectiveness of the support provided by the Department to people moving from legacy benefits under the migration process.43 In written evidence, the National Association of Welfare Rights Advisers told us that there seemed to be a lack … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the committee's concerns and states it has implemented enhanced support, including estimating resources, monitoring claimant journeys, introducing a Complex Case Coach role, and establishing a control centre to oversee the process and resourcing.
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HM Treasury
22 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Progress in imple… Accepted

Department plans enhanced support for vulnerable Universal Credit migrants, including home visits and reviews.

The Department expects to provide more support when it begins moving more vulnerable legacy benefit claimants to UC from April 2024. In September 2023, it began a phase of testing involving 2,000 households on Housing Benefit, Income Support, 36 Q 20 37 Department for Work & Pensions, Move to Universal … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees and states the recommendation is implemented, detailing how it has estimated resources, will monitor the enhanced support journey for vulnerable claimants, introduced a Complex Case Coach role, and will oversee monitoring of the enhanced support journey.
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HM Treasury
23 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Progress in imple… Accepted

Department confident in UC migration support, expanding visiting officers to 56 by December 2024.

We asked the Department whether it was confident it could track people down and support them to continue to claim benefits, and how many more visiting officers it was planning to recruit. The Department said it was confident that it could provide the necessary support and that it had the … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the committee's point, stating it has estimated resources for enhanced support, will monitor claimant journeys and needs, and has introduced a Complex Case Coach role and a control centre to oversee support and detect resourcing concerns.
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HM Treasury
24 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Progress in imple… Accepted

Department projects increased uptake of independent "Help to Claim" service over next two years.

The ‘Help to Claim’ service has been a source of independent support and advice to people making a UC claim since April 2019. The Department funds Citizens Advice to support people to claim UC, either as a new claimant or someone moving from a legacy benefit, with support available from … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states the recommendation has been implemented, detailing existing comprehensive monitoring activities and ongoing work with Citizens Advice to ensure the Help to Claim service remains effective and can meet demand, especially for future claimant migrations.
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HM Treasury
25 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Progress in imple… Accepted

Department reduced annual "Help to Claim" funding and stopped face-to-face support since March 2022.

The Department is providing total funding of £192.4 million for the Help to Claim service from 2019–20 to 2025–26.54 It has been reducing annual funding – from £38 million in 2019–20 to £22 million in 2023–24 and £19 million per year on average over the next two years.55 Until March … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states it agrees with the implicit recommendation and confirms it already comprehensively monitors the Help to Claim service, working with Citizens Advice to ensure effective support. It is also considering the impact of upcoming migration changes to ensure appropriate support.
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HM Treasury
26 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Progress in imple… Accepted

Most Help to Claim support not provided by Citizens Advice or direct face-to-face services.

We asked the Department whether it had conducted an impact assessment of the removal of face-to-face support from the Help to Claim service. The Department said that it had looked at how people received support and found that the vast majority got support through their family and friends, or from … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states the recommendation is implemented, detailing existing comprehensive monitoring activities of the Help to Claim service and expressing confidence in its current effectiveness, without committing to address the specific concern regarding the removal of face-to-face support or conducting an impact assessment of its …
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HM Treasury
27 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Progress in imple… Accepted

Department commits to supporting claimants through vital visiting teams, monitoring resource allocation.

We asked whether it was more cost-effective for the Department to expand its home- visiting service as opposed to putting extra resources into the Help to Claim service. The Department told us that it was committed to supporting claimants, particularly those who were moving from its legacy benefits, to make … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states it agrees with the implicit recommendation and confirms it already comprehensively monitors the Help to Claim service, working with Citizens Advice to ensure effective support. It is also considering the impact of upcoming migration changes to ensure appropriate support.
Read full response →
HM Treasury
28 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Progress in imple… Accepted

Organisations express concern over lost face-to-face Help to Claim support and inadequate advice resources.

In written evidence, organisations who work with benefit claimants raised concerns about the fact that the Help to Claim service no longer included face-to-face support. The National Association of Welfare Rights Advisers said that the Department had reduced support at the very time when it was clear that there was … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states the recommendation is implemented, detailing existing comprehensive monitoring activities of the Help to Claim service and expressing confidence in its current effectiveness, without committing to address the specific concern regarding the loss of face-to-face support.
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HM Treasury
33 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Progress in imple… Accepted

Government delayed moving income-related ESA claimants to Universal Credit until 2028 to save £1 billion.

In the 2022 Autumn Statement, the Government announced that it would delay the move of claimants on income-related ESA to UC until 2028 to save £1 billion.66 The Department told us that the economic circumstances at the time had been such that there was a need to find fiscal savings … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the implicit recommendation, confirming a recent policy change to bring forward the migration of ESA claimants to 2024-25 instead of 2028. It states it has existing learnings and further plans to monitor the enhanced support journey for these claimants, with initial …
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HM Treasury
34 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Progress in imple… Accepted

Delaying ESA migration costs 600,000 claimants £130 in monthly benefits until 2028.

The Department has estimated that 51% of ESA claimants, who are likely to include some of the more vulnerable claimants due to migrate to UC, would have been better off on UC by around £130 a month on average.69 In June 2022, it forecast that there were about 1.2 million … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees and acknowledges the need to bring forward the migration of the Employment and Support Allowance cohort from 2028 to 2024-25, citing a recent policy change to accelerate this process. The department will also monitor the effectiveness of enhanced support for ESA claimants …
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HM Treasury
35 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Progress in imple… Accepted

Voluntary ESA to UC migration risks losing transitional protection, impacting benefit savings estimates.

ESA claimants can move to UC voluntarily before 2028 but would not qualify for transitional protection should their UC entitlement be lower than their legacy benefit income.72 We asked whether it is possible for people to get a reliable estimate of their UC entitlement to allow them to make an … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the implicit recommendation, confirming a recent policy change to bring forward the migration of ESA claimants to 2024-25 instead of 2028. It states it has existing learnings and further plans to monitor the enhanced support journey for these claimants, with initial …
Read full response →
HM Treasury
36 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Progress in imple… Accepted

Government's delay in migrating ESA claimants to Universal Credit lacks a clear plan.

The Government’s decision to delay the move of ESA claimants to UC until 2028 means that the Department will not complete implementation of UC until at least six years later than it planned in 2018.75 The Department told us that the number of people on 66 C&AG’s Report, para 17. … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the implicit recommendation to develop a plan, confirming a recent policy change to bring forward the migration of ESA claimants to 2024-25 instead of 2028. It states it has existing learnings and further plans to monitor the enhanced support journey for …
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HM Treasury

Oral evidence sessions

1 session
Date Witnesses
11 Mar 2024 Helga Swidenbank · Department for Work and Pensions, Neil Couling CB CBE · DWP Services and Fraud, Peter Schofield CB · Department for Work and Pensions View ↗

Who gave evidence

3 witnesses
WitnessOrganisationSessions
Helga Swidenbank · Director of Accessibility and Disputes Department for Work and Pensions 1
Neil Couling CB CBE · Director General DWP Services and Fraud 1
Peter Schofield CB · Permanent Secretary Department for Work and Pensions 1

Correspondence

3 letters
DateDirectionTitle
8 May 2024 Correspondence from Peter Schofield CB, Permanent Secretary, Department for Wor…
26 Apr 2024 Correspondence dated 26 April 2024 from the Chair to Peter Schofield CB Perman…
15 Apr 2024 Correspondence from Peter Schofield CB, Permanent Secretary, Department for Wor…