Select Committee · Public Accounts Committee

Crossrail: A progress update

Status: Closed Opened: 9 Jun 2021 Closed: 16 Nov 2021 6 recommendations 18 conclusions 1 report

Crossrail is a large, complex programme to run a new direct rail line across London, known as the Elizabeth line and part of Transport for London’s rail and underground network. The Elizabeth line is now in its final stages. It became clear in 2018 that the original schedule and cost estimate would not be met … Show more

Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
Twenty-Fourth - Crossrail: A progress update HC 184 29 Oct 2021 24 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

24 items
2 Recommendation Twenty-Fourth - Crossrail: A progress u… Not Addressed

The collapse in passenger numbers owing to the pandemic, and subsequent bailout to TfL, has...

The collapse in passenger numbers owing to the pandemic, and subsequent bailout to TfL, has complicated how and when TfL and the Greater London Authority will be able to repay the taxpayer loans for Crossrail. To date, the taxpayer has provided nearly £2.9 billion in loans to TfL and the … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the committee's general conclusion but does not commit to providing TfL’s revenue forecast scenarios or their implications for Crossrail loan repayment by the requested deadline. Instead, it describes its general value for money assessment processes and commitments for future letters.
Read full response →
HM Treasury
3 Recommendation Twenty-Fourth - Crossrail: A progress u… Not Addressed

It is not clear to passengers and businesses when the Elizabeth line will open or...

It is not clear to passengers and businesses when the Elizabeth line will open or what services will be available. The Elizabeth line services will open in stages. Services have been running on the eastern and western ends of the line (under the brand name ‘TfL Rail’) since June 2017 … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government's response discusses managing supplier performance, financial and programme risk, and contract mechanisms, which does not address the recommendation for a clear public communication strategy regarding Elizabeth Line service openings.
Read full response →
HM Treasury
4 Recommendation Twenty-Fourth - Crossrail: A progress u… Not Addressed

We are concerned that TfL and the Department do not have a plan to maximise...

We are concerned that TfL and the Department do not have a plan to maximise the long-term, wider economic benefits of Crossrail. When open, the Elizabeth line should increase capacity in central London by around 10%, reduce journey times, improve connectivity and be a fully accessible railway. TfL expects the … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government's response discusses the Ministry of Defence's track record on delivering savings and improving programme delivery, failing entirely to address the recommendation for TfL and the Department to publish a plan for maximising Crossrail's long-term economic benefits.
Read full response →
HM Treasury
5 Recommendation Twenty-Fourth - Crossrail: A progress u… Accepted

The Department has still not demonstrated that it is embedding lessons learned into its major...

The Department has still not demonstrated that it is embedding lessons learned into its major programmes. This Committee has examined many major transport programmes, such as HS2, Great Western route modernisation and Thameslink, many of which have had significant problems in their delivery. We have told the Department many times … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states that it wrote to the Committee on 30 November 2021, as requested, providing an update on progress and specifically outlining the changes in its approach to delivering major programmes with its arms-length bodies.
Read full response →
HM Treasury
1 Conclusion Twenty-Fourth - Crossrail: A progress u… Not Addressed

On the basis of a report by the Comptroller and Auditor General, we took evidence...

On the basis of a report by the Comptroller and Auditor General, we took evidence from the Department for Transport (the Department), Transport for London (TfL) and Crossrail Ltd on progress with the Crossrail programme.1

Government response AI summary
The government response serves as an introduction to its overall response, providing background on the Crossrail project and the committee's report, rather than directly addressing the conclusion which merely states the committee took evidence.
Read full response →
HM Treasury
6 Conclusion Twenty-Fourth - Crossrail: A progress u… Not Addressed

A significant software update is needed to begin Trial Operations, which will allow up to...

A significant software update is needed to begin Trial Operations, which will allow up to 24 trains an hour to run through the central section.10 Any unexpected issues with software may take time to fix and we have reported on previous challenges with software in our Completing Crossrail report.11 The … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government response states agreement with the conclusion but then discusses defense spending and equipment plans, which does not address the conclusion regarding Crossrail software updates and trial operations.
Read full response →
HM Treasury
7 Conclusion Twenty-Fourth - Crossrail: A progress u… Acknowledged

Crossrail Ltd is constructing stations along the central section which are then handed over to...

Crossrail Ltd is constructing stations along the central section which are then handed over to the eventual infrastructure maintainer - Rail for London Infrastructure (RfLi) or London Underground. TfL told us that completing the stations is on the critical path to opening the central section to passengers.14 Crossrail Ltd told … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government provides an update on the Elizabeth Line project, including the commencement of Trial Operations and updated timelines for the central section opening in the first half of 2022, thereby acknowledging the committee's observations on progress and risks.
Read full response →
HM Treasury
8 Conclusion Twenty-Fourth - Crossrail: A progress u… Not Addressed

The estimated cost of Crossrail has increased by £1.9 billion since we last reported and...

The estimated cost of Crossrail has increased by £1.9 billion since we last reported and now stands at £18.9 billion.18 This excludes the £1.1 billion cost of the new trains and the depot at Old Oak Common which have historically been reported separately.19 The estimated cost has increased because the … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government's response lists unrelated reports on Greensill Capital and completely fails to address the committee's conclusion regarding Crossrail's cost increases.
Read full response →
HM Treasury
9 Conclusion Twenty-Fourth - Crossrail: A progress u… Acknowledged

The £1.9 billion estimated cost increase consisted of £1,510 million of Crossrail Ltd costs, and...

The £1.9 billion estimated cost increase consisted of £1,510 million of Crossrail Ltd costs, and £390 million of Network Rail costs. Schedule delay was the largest category of cost increase of Crossrail Ltd costs, accounting for £934 million. This was followed by £228 million of COVID-19-related costs.22 However, Crossrail Ltd … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states it agrees with the committee's conclusion and provides an update on the programme's progress, current cost forecast, and schedule, noting Crossrail Ltd supplied the committee with revised cost and schedule estimates as of November 2021.
Read full response →
HM Treasury
10 Recommendation Twenty-Fourth - Crossrail: A progress u… Not Addressed

At May 2021, Crossrail Ltd estimated that its cost to complete the programme would be...

At May 2021, Crossrail Ltd estimated that its cost to complete the programme would be between £15,820 million and £16,008 million, with a middle value of £15,910 million. This was between £30 million and £218 million above the current funding of £15,790 million. The middle estimate was £15,910 million which … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government's response provides an update on Crossrail's overall funding status, but it does not address the specific recommendation for Crossrail Ltd to end expensive Tier 1 contracts to control costs.
Read full response →
HM Treasury
11 Conclusion Twenty-Fourth - Crossrail: A progress u… Acknowledged

TfL told us that further funding may not be needed if the railway is opened...

TfL told us that further funding may not be needed if the railway is opened earlier and everything goes to plan.29 By July 2021, Crossrail Ltd expected to have updated its plans to reflect progress and risks remaining, which would inform its range of potential opening dates and costs.30 This … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the conclusion by stating that Crossrail Ltd is taking steps to deliver the project within available funding, providing current figures for its forecast relative to the agreed funding packages.
Read full response →
HM Treasury
12 Conclusion Twenty-Fourth - Crossrail: A progress u… Acknowledged

In August 2020, Crossrail Ltd announced that up to £1.1 billion of further funding would...

In August 2020, Crossrail Ltd announced that up to £1.1 billion of further funding would be needed to complete the programme. In December 2020, the government agreed to loan the Greater London Assembly (GLA) £825 million to complete the programme, which represented the limit of what the GLA could prudently … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the funding figures and states that Crossrail Ltd is working to deliver within available funding, with the current forecast £151 million above the December 2020 package but still within the broader £1.1 billion identified need.
Read full response →
HM Treasury
13 Conclusion Twenty-Fourth - Crossrail: A progress u… Not Addressed

TfL told us that it is over-reliant on income through the farebox which accounts for...

TfL told us that it is over-reliant on income through the farebox which accounts for 72% of TfL income. TfL compared this to New York City Transit which received 38% of its income from fares.37 It told us that COVID had caused revenues to collapse because ridership had collapsed. At … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government's response discusses updated Elizabeth line passenger forecasts and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ridership, but does not address the committee's conclusion about TfL's over-reliance on farebox income or the need to diversify revenue streams.
Read full response →
HM Treasury
14 Conclusion Twenty-Fourth - Crossrail: A progress u… Acknowledged

The Elizabeth line services will open in stages as different part of the line are...

The Elizabeth line services will open in stages as different part of the line are completed. Services have been running on the eastern and western ends of the line (under the brand name ‘TfL Rail’) since June 2017 and May 2018, respectively.41 Crossrail Ltd expects the central tunnelled section to … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government confirms the Elizabeth line's opening timeline, stating the central tunnel will open in the first half of 2022, with full end-to-end services by May 2023.
Read full response →
HM Treasury
15 Recommendation Twenty-Fourth - Crossrail: A progress u… Accepted

Once the central section opens, commuters must still change to other Elizabeth line services to...

Once the central section opens, commuters must still change to other Elizabeth line services to continue their journeys on the eastern and western ends. The opening of full east-west services must align with national rail timetable changes which take place in May and December each year. TfL told us it … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government confirms the phased opening of Elizabeth line services, with full end-to-end services opening by May 2023, specifically stating this will align with National Rail timetable changes.
Read full response →
HM Treasury
16 Conclusion Twenty-Fourth - Crossrail: A progress u… Acknowledged

In April 2019 we reported that the Department, TfL and the previous Crossrail Ltd management...

In April 2019 we reported that the Department, TfL and the previous Crossrail Ltd management team had focussed on a fixed delivery date of December 2018, which led to warning signs that programme was in trouble being missed or ignored.45 The Department told us that it was not falling into … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the need for clarity on the Elizabeth line opening date, stating that Crossrail Ltd and TfL have a communications strategy and will announce a specific opening date once there is complete certainty for safe and reliable operation.
Read full response →
HM Treasury
17 Conclusion Twenty-Fourth - Crossrail: A progress u… Acknowledged

Construction work on the programme started in 2009 and tunnelling began in 2012.47 The majority...

Construction work on the programme started in 2009 and tunnelling began in 2012.47 The majority of major construction work is complete and Crossrail Ltd is now transferring assets, such as stations, to Rail for London Infrastructure (RfLi) and London Underground who, along with Network Rail, will maintain and operate different … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government provides a general introduction to the Crossrail project, reiterating factual information about its construction, asset transfer, and operational plan, which aligns with the committee's observations.
Read full response →
HM Treasury
18 Conclusion Twenty-Fourth - Crossrail: A progress u… Not Addressed

The Department and TfL told us that, when the Elizabeth line opens, they expect it...

The Department and TfL told us that, when the Elizabeth line opens, they expect it to increase rail capacity in central London by around 10%, reduce journey times, and be fully accessible.50 These were the transport benefits set out in the last published business case in 2011.51 TfL explained that … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government's response details its communications strategy regarding the Elizabeth line's opening dates and phases, but does not address the committee's observations about the expected transport and economic benefits.
Read full response →
HM Treasury
19 Conclusion Twenty-Fourth - Crossrail: A progress u…

The Department and Crossrail Ltd told us about the benefits Crossrail has achieved during construction.

The Department and Crossrail Ltd told us about the benefits Crossrail has achieved during construction. Crossrail Ltd told us that Crossrail had “overreached” on its apprenticeship targets, achieving 1,000 apprenticeships. Many of the 1,000 were in civil engineering in the Tier 1 contractors, and Crossrail Ltd does not know where … Read more

HM Treasury
20 Conclusion Twenty-Fourth - Crossrail: A progress u… Acknowledged

The Department told us that Crossrail had completed a property and regeneration study looking at...

The Department told us that Crossrail had completed a property and regeneration study looking at 2008 to 2016 which identified some 90,000 homes and four million square feet of office space resulting from Crossrail. It also noted plans in place for 12 major developments around the Elizabeth line stations and … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the importance of benefits management and confirms that a joint benefits management strategy, defining realised and expected benefits, is nearly complete and TfL plans to publish it before the central section of the Elizabeth line opens.
Read full response →
HM Treasury
21 Conclusion Twenty-Fourth - Crossrail: A progress u… Acknowledged

The NAO report sets out what it would expect to see in place to achieve...

The NAO report sets out what it would expect to see in place to achieve benefits. It reported that the Department and TfL did not have a clear overarching benefits management strategy or plan for the Elizabeth line, but had started work on one since its fieldwork.56 Local economic growth … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the importance of a benefits management strategy and confirms that a joint strategy, to be owned by TfL, is nearly complete and scheduled for publication before the central section of the Elizabeth line opens in the first half of 2022.
Read full response →
HM Treasury
22 Conclusion Twenty-Fourth - Crossrail: A progress u… Acknowledged

We have examined many major transport programmes over the years, including modernising the Great Western...

We have examined many major transport programmes over the years, including modernising the Great Western railway, the Sheffield to Rotherham tram-train, the Thameslink programme, the A303 Stonehenge tunnel, High Speed Two and Crossrail. We have seen common issues around programmes not keeping to cost or schedule, a lack of transparency … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states it is developing a lessons management approach across government and has a comprehensive programme underway to embed these lessons in major transport infrastructure projects, with a progress update provided to the Committee via letter.
Read full response →
HM Treasury
23 Conclusion Twenty-Fourth - Crossrail: A progress u… Acknowledged

We have asked the Department for the lessons it has learned from these experiences on...

We have asked the Department for the lessons it has learned from these experiences on several different occasions and we asked again at this session in July. The Department referred again to the report it had produced with the Infrastructure and Projects Authority, following the announcement of delays and cost … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states it is at the forefront of developing a lessons management approach across government, with a comprehensive programme underway to embed lessons, and has updated the Committee via letter.
Read full response →
HM Treasury
24 Conclusion Twenty-Fourth - Crossrail: A progress u… Accepted

The Department also referred to the lessons it and HS2 Ltd have learnt from the...

The Department also referred to the lessons it and HS2 Ltd have learnt from the difficulties Crossrail had in integrating the 36 main works contracts and ensuring that they work together. Informed by the Crossrail experience, at our June 2021 session on HS2, HS2 Ltd and the Department told us … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states it is at the forefront of developing a lessons management approach for major projects and has already provided a letter to the Committee on 30 November 2021 outlining changes in its approach and the real-world impact of these changes.
Read full response →
HM Treasury

Oral evidence sessions

1 session
Date Witnesses
19 Jul 2021 Andy Byford · Transport for London, Bernadette Kelly CB · Department for Transport, Mark Wild · HS2 Ltd, Matt Lodge · Department for Transport View ↗

Who gave evidence

4 witnesses
WitnessOrganisationSessions
Andy Byford · Commissioner Transport for London 1
Bernadette Kelly CB · Permanent Secretary Department for Transport 1
Mark Wild · Chief Executive Officer HS2 Ltd 1
Matt Lodge · Director Rail Infrastructure South Department for Transport 1

Correspondence

3 letters
DateDirectionTitle
10 Sep 2021 Correspondence from Bernadette Kelly CB, Permanent Secretary, Transport for Lon…
20 Jul 2021 Correspondence from Bernadette Kelly CB, Permanent Secretary and Andy Byford …
29 Jun 2021 Correspondence from Mark Wild, CEO, Crossrail Ltd, re Crossrail progress update…