Select Committee · Transport Committee

The roll-out and safety of smart motorways

Status: Closed Opened: 26 Feb 2021 Closed: 7 Jul 2022 7 recommendations 4 conclusions 1 report

This inquiry will look at the safety of smart motorways and public confidence in their use as well as their impact upon congestion. Concerns about the safety of smart motorways have been emphasised recently with a number of fatalities on them and criticism by coroners investigating those deaths. In 2020, the Department for Transport published … Show more

Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
Third Report - Rollout and safety of smart motorways HC 26 2 Nov 2021 11 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

11 items
1 Conclusion Third Report - Rollout and safety of sm… Deferred

The design of our motorways and strategic roads necessarily entails balancing competing priorities.

The design of our motorways and strategic roads necessarily entails balancing competing priorities. However, successive Administrations, together with the Department and National Highways’ predecessor, Highways England, underestimated the scale of safety measures needed effectively and reliably to mitigate the risks associated with the permanent removal of the hard shoulder on … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government committed to further investigating the benefits of a health and safety assessment by the ORR and establishing an expert panel to review regulatory responsibilities and assess costs, benefits, and risks of additional ORR assessment, with recommendations later in the year.
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Department for Transport
2 Conclusion Third Report - Rollout and safety of sm… Accepted

We welcome the Department’s acceleration of safety improvements to all-lane running motorways and acknowledge that...

We welcome the Department’s acceleration of safety improvements to all-lane running motorways and acknowledge that the current Secretary of State for Transport and Minister for Roads have, upon their appointment, taken steps to address safety and delivery failures on all-lane running motorways. However, it is regrettable that the Government should … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states it agrees with the recommendation and will immediately pause the rollout of All-Lane Running (ALR) smart motorway schemes yet to commence construction. This pause will remain until five years of safety data is available for ALR motorways introduced before 2020.
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Department for Transport
3 Recommendation Third Report - Rollout and safety of sm… Accepted in Part

The design of our motorways and major roads can currently be altered without any independent...

The design of our motorways and major roads can currently be altered without any independent assurance on safety by a regulatory body, which is a systemic weakness. The Department should make the introduction of changes to the design and operation of the Strategic Road Network depend on a formal health … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees in principle with the recommendation but primarily responds by detailing a £390m commitment to retrofit over 150 additional Emergency Areas (EAs) on all-lane running motorways by 2025. It does not commit to making all changes to road design and operation dependent on …
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Department for Transport
4 Recommendation Third Report - Rollout and safety of sm… Not Addressed

The available data on the safety of all-lane running motorways are limited and volatile.

The available data on the safety of all-lane running motorways are limited and volatile. There are only five-years of safety data available for 29 miles of all-lane running motorways. The Department and National Highways should pause the rollout of all-lane running motorways until five-years of safety data is available for … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states it agrees with the recommendation but does not commit to pausing the rollout of all-lane running motorways. Instead, its response focuses on assessing the effectiveness and operation of Stopped Vehicle Detection (SVD) technology and other safety measures, with an initial report expected …
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Department for Transport
5 Conclusion Third Report - Rollout and safety of sm… Deferred

We welcome the steps that the Department is taking through the action plan to rebuild...

We welcome the steps that the Department is taking through the action plan to rebuild trust in smart motorways and to make them safer. However, we are concerned a) that emergency refuge areas will remain too far part on existing all-lane running schemes at up to 2.5 km; b) whether … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agreed in principle with the Committee's concerns but deferred action, stating that National Highways is researching the feasibility of emergency corridor rules. Initial research is due in early 2022, followed by further assessments and consultation by late 2022.
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Department for Transport
6 Recommendation Third Report - Rollout and safety of sm… Accepted in Part

The Department and National Highways should: a) retrofit emergency refuge areas to existing all-lane running...

The Department and National Highways should: a) retrofit emergency refuge areas to existing all-lane running motorways to make them a maximum of 1,500 metres apart, decreasing to every 1,000 metres where physically possible; b) commission the Office of Rail and Road to conduct an independent evaluation of the effectiveness and … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees to commission the Office of Rail and Road (ORR) to evaluate the success of the Action Plan in reducing live lane stops and breakdowns, with annual reports starting later this year. However, the response does not address retrofitting emergency refuge areas or …
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Department for Transport
7 Recommendation Third Report - Rollout and safety of sm… Accepted in Part

While we welcome the action plan, it is not clear whether the interventions that the...

While we welcome the action plan, it is not clear whether the interventions that the Government and National Highways are rolling out will effectively mitigate the specific safety risks associated with the removal of the hard shoulder. Beginning in September 2022, the Office of Rail and Road should be tasked … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agreed with the recommendation to evaluate the action plan. It highlighted existing Post Opening Project Evaluation (POPE) reports by National Highways and committed to continuing work with the ORR to improve data and insights, and with Transport Focus on safety perception research.
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Department for Transport
8 Recommendation Third Report - Rollout and safety of sm… Accepted

The Government and National Highways should pause the rollout of all-lane running motorways to collect...

The Government and National Highways should pause the rollout of all-lane running motorways to collect more data, to upgrade and then evaluate the safety of existing all-lane running schemes and to consider alternative options for enhancing capacity on the Strategic Road Network. The Government and National Highways should pause the … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the recommendation and will pause the conversion of seven Dynamic Hard Shoulder schemes to All-Lane Running motorways until the next Road Investment Strategy. They will consider alternative operating approaches, continue data collection on safety performance, and install further safety measures on …
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Department for Transport
9 Recommendation Third Report - Rollout and safety of sm… Deferred

Dynamic hard shoulder motorways apparently confuse drivers, because the hard shoulder is used unpredictably to...

Dynamic hard shoulder motorways apparently confuse drivers, because the hard shoulder is used unpredictably to tackle congestion. A more consistent approach, where the hard shoulder is used at known times, could clarify the situation for drivers without physically removing the hard shoulder. The Department for Transport and National Highways should … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the recommendation and commits to revisiting the case for controlled motorways compared to all-lane running motorways. An initial report comparing business cases will be published later this year, with updates as further data becomes available.
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Department for Transport
10 Recommendation Third Report - Rollout and safety of sm… Accepted

Controlled motorways, which retain the hard shoulder and have technology to regulate traffic, have the...

Controlled motorways, which retain the hard shoulder and have technology to regulate traffic, have the lowest casualty rates of all types of motorway on the Strategic Road Network. The Department and National Highways should revisit the case for controlled motorways. The Department should set out how the business case for … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the recommendation and will revisit the case for controlled motorways, comparing their business case with that of all-lane running motorways. An initial report on this comparison will be published later this year, with updates over the next few years.
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Department for Transport
11 Conclusion Third Report - Rollout and safety of sm… Acknowledged

Examining the available evidence base, we are not convinced that reinstating the hard shoulder on...

Examining the available evidence base, we are not convinced that reinstating the hard shoulder on all all-lane running motorways will improve safety. The evidence suggests that doing so could put more drivers and passengers at risk of death and serious injury, especially if the reduction in capacity were to divert … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the committee's conclusion, reiterating that while the hard shoulder offers relative safety, it is not a safe place to stop, and that the government is right to focus on upgrading the safety of all-lane running motorways.
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Department for Transport

Oral evidence sessions

3 sessions
Date Witnesses
30 Jun 2021 Jill Adam · Department for Transport, Mike Wilson · Highways England, Nick Harris · National Highways, The Baroness Vere of Norbiton · Department for Transport View ↗
16 Jun 2021 Jonathan Spruce · Institution for Civil Engineers, Kate Carpenter · Chartered Institution of Highways & Transportation, Mike Mackinnon · MMB Associates, Miss Becky Needham · Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents, Professor David Metz · UCL Centre for Transport Studies, Sarah Simpson · Royal HaskoningDHV View ↗
19 May 2021 Chris Todd · West Midlands Police, Edmund King · The AA, Elizabeth de Jong · Fuels Industry UK, Mr Nicholas Lyes · RAC Motoring Services View ↗

Who gave evidence

14 witnesses
WitnessOrganisationSessions
Chris Todd · Assistant Chief Constable West Midlands Police 1
Edmund King · President The AA 1
Elizabeth de Jong · CEO Fuels Industry UK 1
Jill Adam · Director of Strategic Roads, Economics and Statis… Department for Transport 1
Jonathan Spruce · Fellow Institution for Civil Engineers 1
Kate Carpenter · Vice President Chartered Institution of Highways & Transportation 1
Mike Mackinnon · Consultant MMB Associates 1
Mike Wilson · Chief Highways Engineer Highways England 1
Miss Becky Needham · Road Safety Officer Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents 1
Mr Nicholas Lyes · Head of Roads Policy RAC Motoring Services 1
Nick Harris · Chief Executive National Highways 1
Professor David Metz · Honorary Professor UCL Centre for Transport Studies 1
Sarah Simpson · Transport Planning expert Royal HaskoningDHV 1
The Baroness Vere of Norbiton · Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Roads,… Department for Transport 1

Correspondence

6 letters
DateDirectionTitle
21 Oct 2021 Correspondence from John Larkinson, Chief Executive, Office of Rail and Road, r…
22 Sep 2021 Correspondence from Baroness Vere of Norbiton, Minister for Roads, Buses and Pl…
14 Sep 2021 Correspondence from Baroness Vere of Norbiton, Minister for Roads, Buses and Pl…
13 Jul 2021 Correspondence from Baroness Vere of Norbiton, Minister for Roads, Buses and Pl…
13 Jul 2021 Correspondence from Nick Harris, Acting Chief Executive Officer, Highways Engla…
15 Jun 2021 Correspondence to John Larkinson, Chief Executive, Office of Rail and Road, dat…