Select Committee · Foreign Affairs Committee

Disinformation diplomacy: How malign actors are seeking to undermine democracy

Status: Open Opened: 15 Jan 2025 33 recommendations 22 conclusions 1 report

Misinformation and disinformation campaigns are increasingly weaponised by hostile state and non-state actors and this inquiry will seek to understand which actors are primarily responsible, and which channels and technologies are being used. It will seek to map motivations, sources and locations of the most pressing disinformation threats to democracy, and to understand the impact … Show more

Clear

Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
4th Report - Disinformation diplomacy: How malign actors ar… HC 703 27 Mar 2026 55 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

8 items
1 Recommendation 4th Report - Disinformation diplomacy: … Accepted

Russia presents a clear and present threat to the UK, its overseas interests, and Euro-Atlantic...

Russia presents a clear and present threat to the UK, its overseas interests, and Euro-Atlantic security. The depth and intensity of hostile activity orchestrated by Russia across the West leaves us with no ambiguity. Russia’s behaviour is that of a state at war against the West, and this will not … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the threat of Russian FIMI and details specific investments and support provided to countries in the Black Sea Region and Western Balkans, such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, Moldova, and Armenia. This support includes strengthening civil society, independent media, cyber resilience, and media …
Read full response →
Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
7 Conclusion 4th Report - Disinformation diplomacy: … Accepted

We welcome the Government’s actions to sanction the Russian information agency Africa Initiative and three...

We welcome the Government’s actions to sanction the Russian information agency Africa Initiative and three of its leaders in July 2025, mirroring those implemented by the European Union in December 2024. (Conclusion, Paragraph 55)

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the conclusion and provides further detail on its ongoing support for Moldova against Russian hybrid threats, including imposing sanctions on related networks and establishing a UK-Moldova Defence and Security Partnership.
Read full response →
Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
17 Conclusion 4th Report - Disinformation diplomacy: … Accepted

The Western Balkans and Armenia face a range of foreign information and manipulation challenges seeking...

The Western Balkans and Armenia face a range of foreign information and manipulation challenges seeking to distort public opinion, promote authoritarian alternatives, and destabilise its democracies. Stability in the Western Balkans is vital for European security and NATO cohesion, while Armenia deserves support for its efforts to move closer to … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government describes ongoing actions to address hybrid threats and FIMI, including increased coordination with the EU and member states through the UK-EU Security and Defence Partnership, with consultations focusing on the Western Balkans. It commits to continuing this collaboration and joint action with European …
Read full response →
Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
36 Recommendation 4th Report - Disinformation diplomacy: … Accepted

Tackling the threat of foreign information manipulation and interference requires dedicated and long-standing cooperation with...

Tackling the threat of foreign information manipulation and interference requires dedicated and long-standing cooperation with allies. Whilst we welcome the Government’s increased engagement with EU partners, there is a need to move faster and significantly increase coordination to deter malign actors. (Conclusion, Paragraph 171) Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees, detailing recent increases in coordination with the EU and member states through consultations and bilateral agreements, and stating its intention to continue strengthening collaboration and joint action, including information sharing and coordinating sanctions.
Read full response →
Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
37 Recommendation 4th Report - Disinformation diplomacy: … Accepted

The Government should initiate the first UK-EU dialogue under the Security and Defence Partnership on...

The Government should initiate the first UK-EU dialogue under the Security and Defence Partnership on foreign information manipulation and interference. The Government should also outline how it is using the Security and Defence Partnership and other bilateral agreements with EU partners to strengthen cooperation in detecting and responding to foreign … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees and confirms it has already initiated UK-EU consultations on hybrid threats, including foreign information manipulation and interference (FIMI), under the Security and Defence Partnership, and will continue to strengthen collaboration through information sharing, analysis, and coordinated sanctions.
Read full response →
Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
40 Conclusion 4th Report - Disinformation diplomacy: … Accepted

The UK’s overseas diplomatic presence is vital to understanding and countering foreign information manipulation and...

The UK’s overseas diplomatic presence is vital to understanding and countering foreign information manipulation and interference. We are concerned that at present the Government is not adequately utilising the expertise and evidence collated by its overseas network to inform its domestic approach to combatting foreign information manipulation and interference. (Conclusion, … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the conclusion, stating that the FCDO is investing in staff training for FIMI, leveraging its overseas network of political officers for intelligence gathering and collaboration, and deepening dialogue with international partners.
Read full response →
Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
41 Recommendation 4th Report - Disinformation diplomacy: … Accepted

The Government should in response to this report provide evidence to the Committee on how...

The Government should in response to this report provide evidence to the Committee on how it utilises its overseas network to detect, defend and deter foreign information manipulation and interference and how these insights are informing policy responses. (Recommendation, Paragraph 183) Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees and states the FCDO is investing in staff upskilling, leveraging its network of political officers, and using reporting from overseas missions to build a global picture of the threat which informs policy responses.
Read full response →
Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
44 Conclusion 4th Report - Disinformation diplomacy: … Accepted

We are concerned that the government is in part restricting public awareness regarding the threat...

We are concerned that the government is in part restricting public awareness regarding the threat of foreign information manipulation and interference due to an unwillingness to declassify intelligence. It is the Committee’s opinion that there is a culture of secrecy and overclassification, especially for state threats which risk leaving Parliament … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government partially agrees with the concern, highlighting its track record of publicly exposing foreign information manipulation and interference actors and committing to continue enhancing information sharing and stakeholder engagement while protecting sensitive intelligence.
Read full response →
Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office

Oral evidence sessions

7 sessions
Date Witnesses
9 Mar 2026 Ali Law · TikTok, David Agranovich · Meta, Wifredo Fernández · X Corp. View ↗
13 Jan 2026 Ana Revenco · Moldovan Centre for Strategic Communication and Countering Disinformation, Ciaran Martin CB · National Cyber Security Centre, Vijay Rangarajan CMG · Electoral Commission View ↗
6 Jan 2026 Jonny Hall CMG OBE · Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, Stephen Doughty MP · Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office View ↗
18 Nov 2025 Alexandre Brasil · Brazilian Embassy in London, Jon Bateman · Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Nina Jankowicz · American Sunlight Project, Nishant Lalwani · International Fund for Public Interest Media, Roberta Braga · Digital Democracy Institute of the Americas View ↗
16 Sep 2025 Dr Antonio Giustozzi · Royal United Services Institute (RUSI), Dr Dani Madrid-Morales · The University of Sheffield, Grace Theodoulou · The Council on Geostrategy, James Kynge · Chatham House, Mr Andrew Yeh · China Strategic Risks Institute View ↗
1 Apr 2025 Salome Zourabichvili View ↗
11 Feb 2025 Dr Jon Roozenbeek · King's College London, Professor Martin Innes · Cardiff University, Professor Vera Tolz-Zilitinkevic · University of Manchester View ↗

Who gave evidence

22 witnesses
WitnessOrganisationSessions
Alexandre Brasil · Deputy Head of Mission Brazilian Embassy in London 1
Ali Law · Director of Public Policy for Northern Europe TikTok 1
Ana Revenco · Director Moldovan Centre for Strategic Communication and Countering Disinformation 1
Ciaran Martin CB · Founding Chief Executive National Cyber Security Centre 1
David Agranovich · Director of Global Threat Disruption Meta 1
Dr Antonio Giustozzi · Senior Research Fellow (Terrorism and Conflict) Royal United Services Institute (RUSI) 1
Dr Dani Madrid-Morales · Lecturer in Journalism and Global Communication The University of Sheffield 1
Dr Jon Roozenbeek · Lecturer in Psychology and Security King's College London 1
Grace Theodoulou · Policy Fellow (China Observatory) The Council on Geostrategy 1
James Kynge · Senior Research Fellow for China and the World Chatham House 1
Jon Bateman · Senior Fellow and Co-Director, Technology and Int… Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 1
Jonny Hall CMG OBE · Director, Hybrid Directorate Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office 1
Mr Andrew Yeh · Executive Director China Strategic Risks Institute 1
Nina Jankowicz · CEO American Sunlight Project 1
Nishant Lalwani · CEO International Fund for Public Interest Media 1
Professor Martin Innes · Director of the Security, Crime and Intelligence … Cardiff University 1
Professor Vera Tolz-Zilitinkevic · Sir William Mather Professor of Russian Studies University of Manchester 1
Roberta Braga · Founder and Executive Director Digital Democracy Institute of the Americas 1
Salome Zourabichvili 1
Stephen Doughty MP · Minister for Europe, North America and Overseas T… Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office 1
Vijay Rangarajan CMG · Chief Executive Electoral Commission 1
Wifredo Fernández · Head of Americas, Global Government Affairs X Corp. 1

Correspondence

11 letters
DateDirectionTitle
25 Feb 2026 Correspondence with Ofcom relating to disinformation, dated 17 February and 03 …
3 Feb 2026 Correspondence with the Director of Public Policy and Government Affairs at Tik…
3 Feb 2026 Correspondence with the Government Affairs Department at X relating to the disi…
3 Feb 2026 Correspondence from the Director of UK Public Policy at Meta relating to disinf…
28 Jan 2026 Correspondence with the Minister for AI and Online Safety, DSIT, relating to di…
28 Jan 2026 Correspondence with the Minister for Building Safety, Fire and Democracy, MHCLG…
28 Jan 2026 Correspondence with the Minister for Security, Home Office, and Minister of Sta…
20 Jan 2026 Correspondence from Minister Doughty following up on the oral evidence session …
14 Jan 2026 From cttee Letter to the Director of Public Policy (UK) at Meta, relating to the disinform…
14 Jan 2026 From cttee Letter to the Head of Government Affairs (UK and Ireland) at X, relating to the…
14 Jan 2026 From cttee Letter to the Director of Public Policy and Government Affairs at TikTok, relat…