Select Committee · Foreign Affairs Committee

Government policy on Afghanistan

Status: Closed Opened: 1 Sep 2021 Closed: 29 Jul 2022 8 recommendations 11 conclusions 1 report

International forces withdrew from Afghanistan in 2021, 20 years after the US-led invasion. The Taliban quickly gained control of the country, taking Kabul on 15 August and triggering an immense effort to evacuate UK nationals and others eligible for protection. This inquiry will examine the FCDO’s role in the withdrawal, including how effectively it planned … Show more

Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
First report - Missing in action: UK leadership and the wit… HC 169 24 May 2022 19 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

19 items
1 Conclusion First report - Missing in action: UK le… Acknowledged

The manner of the withdrawal of international forces from Afghanistan was a disaster, a betrayal...

The manner of the withdrawal of international forces from Afghanistan was a disaster, a betrayal of our allies, and weakens the trust that helps to keep British people safe. It will affect the UK’s international reputation and interests for many years to come. There were systemic failures of intelligence, diplomacy, … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the Doha Agreement and the UK's attempts to shape the US approach. The Government does not agree that it failed to plan for a possible evacuation, or that the FCDO failed to plan for the possible closure of the British Embassy in …
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
2 Conclusion First report - Missing in action: UK le… Rejected

Once the US decision was announced in February 2020, the UK Government should have immediately...

Once the US decision was announced in February 2020, the UK Government should have immediately taken steps to develop a clear and coherent policv on who it would prioritise for evacuation; to gather and securely store information on eligible locally- employed staff, including biometric data; and to build contacts with … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government does not agree that it failed to plan for a possible evacuation, or that the FCDO failed to plan for the possible closure of the British Embassy in Kabul and refers to further sections.
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
3 Conclusion First report - Missing in action: UK le… Acknowledged

Most damning for the FCDO is the total absence of a plan—developed in conjunction with...

Most damning for the FCDO is the total absence of a plan—developed in conjunction with the Home Office—for evacuating Afghans who supported the UK mission, without being directly employed by the UK Government. The Government was never going to be able to evacuate all—or even many—of these people. But it … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government recognizes the strength of the Committee's view that the UK had a responsibility to Afghan nationals beyond those who had worked for HMG directly. They state the issue was considered on a cross-Government basis but difficult choices were inescapable because its capacity to …
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
4 Conclusion First report - Missing in action: UK le… Not Addressed

Managing a complex evacuation requires Government departments to work together seamlessly, including the FCDO, MOD,...

Managing a complex evacuation requires Government departments to work together seamlessly, including the FCDO, MOD, intelligence agencies, Home Office and Cabinet Office. The National Security Council is “the main forum for collective discussion of the government’s objectives for national security”. It failed to adequately coordinate cross-Government planning and preparation for … Read more

Government response AI summary
The response details the pace and intensity of cross-government work on Afghanistan, the meetings held, and the planning for Op PITTING and the Evacuation Handling Centre, but does not directly address the failure of the National Security Council to adequately coordinate cross-Government planning and preparation.
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
5 Recommendation First report - Missing in action: UK le… Acknowledged

When engaging in fragile environments, the Government should keep better records— securely held—on locally-employed staff...

When engaging in fragile environments, the Government should keep better records— securely held—on locally-employed staff to ensure that any evacuation can be carried out more effectively. It should devise a policy, based on clear and fair principles, about the assistance that will be offered to local partners in the event … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees on the need to keep accurate records on locally employed staff. They refer to other recommendations for their response on offering resettlement to local partners not directly employed and highlight that FCDO Travel Advice was strengthened.
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
6 Conclusion First report - Missing in action: UK le… Acknowledged

The absence of the FCDO’s top leadership—both ministerial and official—when Kabul fell is a grave...

The absence of the FCDO’s top leadership—both ministerial and official—when Kabul fell is a grave indictment of the attitudes of the Government, representing a failure of leadership across the board in the Foreign Office. In particular, the fact that the department’s top civil servant did not return until the civilian … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees there are fundamental lessons to learn from the withdrawal from Afghanistan and accepts there were areas of its crisis response which need improvement. The FCDO is committed to implementing those lessons to raise standards in preparedness for and response to future crises.
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
7 Conclusion First report - Missing in action: UK le… Acknowledged

The effort to evacuate UK and Afghan nationals after the fall of Kabul represented a...

The effort to evacuate UK and Afghan nationals after the fall of Kabul represented a heroic effort by the individuals involved, with many—both inside and outside Government—working under enormous pressure to save lives. We commend the bravery of the military and civilian personnel on the ground in Afghanistan during the … Read more

Government response AI summary
The Government agrees that there are fundamental lessons to learn and accepts that there were areas of its crisis response which need improvement, committing to raise standards and implement lessons learned.
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
8 Conclusion First report - Missing in action: UK le… Acknowledged

However, on the strategic and humanitarian level the evacuation fell disastrously short.

However, on the strategic and humanitarian level the evacuation fell disastrously short. Shortcomings in ARAP, the scheme to evacuate Afghans who had worked directly for the UK Government, left many waiting for a response until it was too late. A total failure to plan how to help Afghans at risk … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees there are fundamental lessons to learn from the withdrawal from Afghanistan and accepts there were areas of its crisis response which need improvement. The FCDO is committed to implementing those lessons to raise standards in preparedness for and response to future crises.
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
9 Conclusion First report - Missing in action: UK le… Acknowledged

The evacuation required clear decision-making, strong political leadership and tight coordination.

The evacuation required clear decision-making, strong political leadership and tight coordination. We have seen little evidence of this. To the contrary, decision-making was so unclear that even senior officials such as the National Security Adviser could not be certain how key decisions were authorised. It is clearly unacceptable that neither … Read more

Government response AI summary
The Government agrees that there are fundamental lessons to learn and accepts that there were areas of its crisis response which need improvement, committing to raise standards and implement lessons learned.
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
10 Conclusion First report - Missing in action: UK le… Rejected

The failure to plan for the Special Cases evacuations, or to put in place a...

The failure to plan for the Special Cases evacuations, or to put in place a fair and robust prioritisation system, left the process open to arbitrary political interventions. This is illustrated by the case of the Nowzad animal charity. Amid intense media attention, its staff were called for evacuation at … Read more

Government response AI summary
The Government does not agree that it failed to plan for a possible evacuation or that the FCDO failed to plan for the possible closure of the British Embassy in Kabul.
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
11 Recommendation First report - Missing in action: UK le… Not Addressed

The FCDO has repeatedly given us answers that, in our judgement, are at best intentionally...

The FCDO has repeatedly given us answers that, in our judgement, are at best intentionally evasive, and often deliberately misleading. On Nowzad, they only admitted that the case had been in any way unusual when faced with the evidence of whistleblowers. At best, the Permanent Under-Secretary displayed a worrying lack … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government's response expresses regret about whistleblowers, reaffirms protection for staff raising concerns, and states the department will build trust with an updated policy. However, it completely fails to address the committee's specific recommendation regarding the Permanent Under-Secretary considering his position.
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
12 Recommendation First report - Missing in action: UK le… Acknowledged

Without the intervention of whistleblowers, we would not be aware that this intervention had taken...

Without the intervention of whistleblowers, we would not be aware that this intervention had taken place at all, despite asking many questions on the topic. Parliament can only perform its role of holding Government to account if it can be confident that it is receiving honest answers to its questions. … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government expresses regret about whistleblowers and highlights existing and updated policies for staff to raise concerns internally. However, it does not explicitly commit to carrying out a review of internal processes in light of whistleblower testimony or reporting conclusions back to the Committee as …
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
13 Recommendation First report - Missing in action: UK le… Not Addressed

The FCDO failed to take the basic administrative step of recording its decisions.

The FCDO failed to take the basic administrative step of recording its decisions. It is fundamental to any bureaucracy to know precisely what decisions have been made, by whom, with what authority, and when. This would be a serious failure at any time, but during the withdrawal from Afghanistan may … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the general need to keep accurate records for locally employed staff. However, it completely ignores the committee's significant recommendation that the Permanent Under-Secretary consider his position due to a loss of confidence.
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
14 Recommendation First report - Missing in action: UK le… Accepted

The Taliban takeover is a tragedy for Afghanistan, marking the single biggest reversal in the...

The Taliban takeover is a tragedy for Afghanistan, marking the single biggest reversal in the rights of women and girls in a generation. We welcome the Government’s pragmatic engagement with the Taliban at official level: it is valid to withhold recognition, but attempts to isolate the new regime entirely may … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the need for pragmatic engagement in Afghanistan, has established a temporary UK Mission in Doha, and will ensure that women are part of UK official delegations meeting the Taliban wherever possible. The government will continue to coordinate with international partners.
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
15 Recommendation First report - Missing in action: UK le… Accepted

It is important for the UK’s engagement with the Taliban to come alongside extensive and...

It is important for the UK’s engagement with the Taliban to come alongside extensive and targeted outreach to Afghan civil society, particularly those active on the ground. It should consult these groups on its policies towards Afghanistan and support them where possible through funding and other forms of engagement. This … Read more

Government response AI summary
The Government agrees on the importance of helping sustain Afghan civil society and states that FCDO Ministers and officials have continued to meet a range of civil society representatives. They agree that the FCDO should continue to invest in its expertise on Afghanistan and will …
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
16 Conclusion First report - Missing in action: UK le… Acknowledged

The UK’s engagement in Afghanistan over the last two decades ties us to the country.

The UK’s engagement in Afghanistan over the last two decades ties us to the country. The overriding goal of our policy towards Afghanistan should be to reduce the impact of the humanitarian disaster unleashed by the international withdrawal. Humanitarian aid is vital, but will not be enough to avert catastrophe … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees on the importance of mitigating the impact of the humanitarian crisis, has delivered on its pledge to spend £286 million, and has committed the same amount again for the current financial year. They state that they are working with partners and have …
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
17 Recommendation First report - Missing in action: UK le… Accepted in Part

The UK should try to mitigate the impact of the Taliban regime by thinking creatively...

The UK should try to mitigate the impact of the Taliban regime by thinking creatively about the provision of aid. For example, online classes accessible from home and alternative measures to help the most vulnerable Afghan citizens should be considered. These should include working with partners, including the US, to … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees on the importance of mitigating the humanitarian crisis and has committed the same amount of aid as last year, worked with partners, and played a leading role in mobilising funds. They are exploring options for technical assistance but state the Afghan Finance …
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
18 Recommendation First report - Missing in action: UK le… Accepted in Part

The halving of UK aid to Afghanistan in 2020/1 is an example of the harm...

The halving of UK aid to Afghanistan in 2020/1 is an example of the harm done by aid cuts that were designed to reduce spending at speed, rather than considering wider UK strategic interests. These cuts, made at a time when Afghanistan was facing the withdrawal of international troops, speak … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees on the importance of mitigating the humanitarian crisis and has committed the same amount of aid as last year, worked with partners, and played a leading role in mobilising funds. They are exploring options for technical assistance but state the Afghan Finance …
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
19 Conclusion First report - Missing in action: UK le… Acknowledged

The chaos and failures of the withdrawal and evacuation make it even more important—and morally...

The chaos and failures of the withdrawal and evacuation make it even more important—and morally imperative—that the UK commits to a serious strategy leading to future engagement with Afghanistan, in cooperation with allies and regional states. The withdrawal and the Taliban takeover have serious implications for British security and wider … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states its commitment to Afghanistan and its people is enduring, and that its strategy will be grounded in its enduring national interests. The government agrees it should combine diplomacy, aid, and trade in its strategy for Afghanistan and will continue to engage international …
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office

Oral evidence sessions

7 sessions
Date Witnesses
25 Apr 2022 Sir Stephen Lovegrove · Ministry of Defence View ↗
21 Mar 2022 Nigel Casey MVO · Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, Sir Philip Barton KCMG OBE · Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office View ↗
25 Jan 2022 Admiral Sir Ben Key KCB CBE · Ministry of Defence, Nigel Casey MVO · Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, Rt Hon Ben Wallace MP · Ministry of Defence, The Lord Ahmad of Wimbledon · Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office View ↗
7 Dec 2021 Nigel Casey MVO · Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, Sir Laurie Bristow KCMG, Sir Philip Barton KCMG OBE · Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office View ↗
23 Nov 2021 Field Marshal the Lord Richards of Herstmonceux GCB CBE DSO DL, Kori Schake · American Enterprise Institute, Rt Hon Rory Stewart, Rudra Chaudhuri · Carnegie India View ↗
19 Oct 2021 General David Petraeus (ret.), Laurel Miller · US State Department, Professor Michael Semple, Shaharzad Akbar · Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission, Shukria Barakzai View ↗
1 Sep 2021 Rt Hon Dominic Raab View ↗

Who gave evidence

17 witnesses
WitnessOrganisationSessions
Nigel Casey MVO · Special Representative on Afghanistan and Pakistan Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office 3
Sir Philip Barton KCMG OBE · Permanent Under-Secretary Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office 2
Admiral Sir Ben Key KCB CBE · The First Sea Lord Ministry of Defence 1
Field Marshal the Lord Richards of Herstmonceux GCB CBE DSO DL 1
General David Petraeus (ret.) 1
Kori Schake · Director of Foreign and Defense Policy Studies American Enterprise Institute 1
Laurel Miller · Deputy/Acting Special Representative for Afghanis… US State Department 1
Professor Michael Semple 1
Rt Hon Ben Wallace MP · Secretary of State Ministry of Defence 1
Rt Hon Dominic Raab 1
Rt Hon Rory Stewart 1
Rudra Chaudhuri · Director Carnegie India 1
Shaharzad Akbar · Chairperson Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission 1
Shukria Barakzai 1
Sir Laurie Bristow KCMG 1
Sir Stephen Lovegrove · Permanent Secretary Ministry of Defence 1
The Lord Ahmad of Wimbledon · Minister of State (Minister for South and Central… Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office 1

Correspondence

9 letters
DateDirectionTitle
22 Feb 2023 Correspondence from the Permanent Under-Secretary relating to the FCDO’s intern…
24 May 2022 Correspondence from the Permanent Under-Secretary relating to the FCDO’s intern…
22 Apr 2022 Correspondence from the National Security Adviser relating to the evacuation of…
2 Mar 2022 Correspondence with Lord Ahmad of Wimbledon following up on the FAC oral eviden…
28 Jan 2022 To cttee Letter from the Permanent Under-Secretary relating to Afghanistan, dated 27/01/…
27 Jan 2022 Correspondence with the Permanent Under-Secretary following his appearance befo…
24 Nov 2021 Correspondence with the Foreign Secretary relating to Chevening scholars from A…
3 Nov 2021 Correspondence with the Foreign Secretary following up on the 1 September evide…
21 Sep 2021 Correspondence from the Foreign Secretary following his appearance before the C…