Source · IMB Annual Report

Swaleside

Year: 2025 Published: 14 Oct 2025 Type: Prison · Cat B training prison Population: 922 Recommendations: 17 Key concerns Positive findings

HMP Swaleside has faced significant challenges, including a major influx of inexperienced staff leading to operational and relationship issues, and a pervasive problem with gang culture, illicit drug use, and high violence levels. Despite some positive developments in healthcare and equality initiatives, major concerns persist regarding prisoner mental health, an inadequate regime, overcrowding, and the effectiveness of security measures against contraband. The Board highlights the urgent need to address staff experience, regime provision, mental health support, and the management of illicit items and violence.

Safety statistics

Incidents during reporting year
IndicatorThis yearPrevious
Deaths in custody5
Use of force937

Positive findings

The Board commends the senior leadership team, officers, and service providers for their efforts. Positive developments include an easing of the regime, effective work in the CSRU, improved staff morale in healthcare, and high completion rates for education courses. Significant progress has been made in managing complaints, with 95% responded to on time, and addressing inequality concerns, with improvements in DIRF response times and an increase in Black officers. Healthcare staffing levels have improved, and new initiatives like a 'smart' ward and digital health information board are operational.

Key concerns

31 items
Safety Repeated Again, the Board has a concern about the gang culture in the prison.
Substance Misuse Based on the results of random drug testing of prisoners, it is estimated that over 50% are using illicit substances. Cannabis and a synthetic cannabinoid (spice) are the most used, with the latter much harder to detect. The trade in illegal substances has resulted in a high level of debt, which creates fear of violence and settling scores.
Safety Violence is a constant theme and the manufacturing of bladed weapons on site is ominous. A total of 620 adjudications (disciplinary hearings when a prisoner is alleged to have broken prison rules), for violent/threatening behaviour were recorded in the first four months of 2025.
Estate/Conditions While there are maintenance issues with the showers, heating, hotplates and other parts of the estate, the prisoners benefit from all cells being sole occupancy.
Regime/Time Out of Cell the easing of the regime during the year is a positive, but too often movement has been delayed or cancelled due to the shortage of staff and/or inexperience.
Mental Health Repeated Again, the Board is concerned about the appropriateness of these cells [CSRU] for prisoners with severe mental-health issues, for the extended length of time spent and for use as constant watch.
Staffing Staff and prisoner relationships have been impacted by the low quantity and quality of key work sessions, due to the high number of new officers.
Mental Health Prisoners’ mental health continues to be a major concern. While the in-reach team do their best to manage, there are not enough staff to cope with the caseload.
Mental Health The time limits for assessing and transferring prisoners to secure or specialist mental health care units are not being met. The longest transfer for a prisoner was an astounding 721 days.
Overcrowding The offender flow system continues to see prisoners sent to Swaleside, who should not be.
Staffing The offender management unit (OMU) has continuing staff shortages, with two-thirds of capacity. This has had a detrimental impact on sentence progression. SDS40 (a scheme to ease capacity strains on prisons by allowing eligible prisoners to be released after 40% of their standard determinate sentence instead of the standard 50%) has increased the pressure, with a large amount of extra work.
Other Repeated The Board reiterates its concern about imprisonment for public protection (IPP) sentences, which have no set release date.
Safety Attempts to combat the incursion of drones nationally have not been successful. At HMP Swaleside, sightings are down but contraband is up, so it appears that drones are no longer being successfully detected.
Overcrowding Repeated Despite SDS40, the population pressure persists. Again, as a category-B training prison, Swaleside does not have the ability to double as a resettlement prison. Also, the pressure on spaces means some prisoners are being inappropriately sent to Swaleside.
Staffing The inexperience of staff is compounded by the limited training they receive. This is not sufficient to commence employment.
Safety Repeated The Board shares the concerns expressed by the senior leadership team (SLT) that there have, again, been deaths in custody during the year, especially as only two were, apparently, due to natural causes.
Segregation Repeated Again, the length of time spent in the care, separation and reintegration unit (CSRU) by a number of prisoners remains too long and far exceeds regular recommendations.
Food/Catering Repeated While noting last year’s response that contractors had entered administration, the continued reliance of HMP Standford Hill on the kitchen at HMP Swaleside for the preparation of its food continues to cause major issues, as has been stated for years.
Mental Health The Board notes the increase in trained mental-health staff, but the number of cases is combined with the inappropriate facilities to properly care for those with severe mental-health issues. When will the Prison Service increase secure units nationally?
Safety Repeated In our 2023-2024 annual report, we stated that the situation with body worn video cameras (BWVCs) needs to rectified, so that all staff can be issued with cameras.
Safety Repeated Again, there is a lack of sufficient constant-watch cells during times of crisis.
Other The Board is concerned about the number of adjudications that are being adjourned and prisoners not attending. This undermines the effective running of the prison.
Safety For the majority of the reporting year, violence was ranked as a ‘serious risk’ by the prison. Yet, up to 25% of prisoners are not placed on report, or BWVCs activated, as officers can feel intimidated about potential consequences.
Staffing Staff and prisoner relationships have been damaged by the huge influx of inexperienced staff.
Substance Misuse Drugs, mobile phones and other illicit items being recorded at ‘serious risk’ is not acceptable for the safety of prisoners and staff.
Regime/Time Out of Cell Too much time has been lost in movement to meaningful vocational work and/or education in the reporting year.
Resettlement/Release Repeated The Board remains concerned that prisoners are being released from Swaleside without proper support.
Safety Repeated The relentless theft of stock by prisoners from the DHL workshop has not been addressed.
Equality/Diversity Repeated The inequality of opportunity for prisoners convicted of sexual offences (PCoSOs) and vulnerable prisoners still needs to be addressed, despite progress made in that direction.
Mental Health Repeated The Board remains concerned about the mental health of prisoners who have suffered long-term lockdown. This is evidenced by the number of assessment, care in custody and teamwork (ACCT) plans, self-harm cases and violent incidents. The first indications from the recent improvement in regime are positive. However, the necessity for increased psychology and psychiatric services still needs to be assessed.
Other Repeated The Board notes the backlog of adjudications (disciplinary hearings when a prisoner is alleged to have broken prison rules) and the excellent efforts taken by staff to alleviate this.

Recommendations

17 items · 9 repeated
#RecommendationAddresseeStatus
1 The Board reiterates its concern about imprisonment for public protection (IPP) sentences, which have no set release date. The Board notes the Minister’s response last year, that resentencing could result in prisoners being released without licence supervision. However, not resentencing is punishing them for their behaviour, which has undoubtedly been impacted by the uncertainty of IPPs that were abolished in 2012, with the Government stating that they were ‘not defensible’. When will the Minister review resentencing? Repeated
Response
I recognise the Board’s concerns about staff inexperience and limited training. HMPPS is actively improving both recruitment processes and training to ensure staff are equipped to meet the complex demands of the prison officer role. Central to this is the Enable Programme, a core element of which is the Foundation Training Reform, a long-term review of the initial training offer for Prison Officers. By investing in staff development and wellbeing, Enable aims to equip staff with the confidence and skills to make a meaningful difference in their roles, enhance operational effectiveness and improve retention by fostering a positive and sustainable working culture.
Ministry of Justice In progress
1 The Board shares the concerns expressed by the senior leadership team (SLT) that there have, again, been deaths in custody during the year, especially as only two were, apparently, due to natural causes. What specific, actions are being taken to prevent further fatalities and improve prisoner safety? Repeated HMPPS
1 For the majority of the reporting year, violence was ranked as a ‘serious risk’ by the prison. Yet, up to 25% of prisoners are not placed on report, or BWVCs activated, as officers can feel intimidated about potential consequences. What support will staff be given? Governor / Director
2 Attempts to combat the incursion of drones nationally have not been successful. At HMP Swaleside, sightings are down but contraband is up, so it appears that drones are no longer being successfully detected. What specific, advanced technology, such as that used by the military, will the Minister deploy across the prison estate to help combat this problem?
Response
I recognise the Board’s concerns about staff inexperience and limited training. HMPPS is actively improving both recruitment processes and training to ensure staff are equipped to meet the complex demands of the prison officer role. Central to this is the Enable Programme, a core element of which is the Foundation Training Reform, a long-term review of the initial training offer for Prison Officers. By investing in staff development and wellbeing, Enable aims to equip staff with the confidence and skills to make a meaningful difference in their roles, enhance operational effectiveness and improve retention by fostering a positive and sustainable working culture.
Ministry of Justice In progress
2 Again, the length of time spent in the care, separation and reintegration unit (CSRU) by a number of prisoners remains too long and far exceeds regular recommendations. The Board notes the response last year about exit strategies, but there has been no improvement. What actions and strategies have been implemented to reduce the time prisoners spend in the CSRU, why have these failed and how does the Prison Service plan to ensure an improvement? Repeated
Response
The Board notes the response last year about exit strategies
HMPPS
2 Staff and prisoner relationships have been damaged by the huge influx of inexperienced staff. Will the Governor reassure the Board that the recent recovery in key work sessions from a low base will be matched with quality assurance? Governor / Director
3 Despite SDS40, the population pressure persists. Again, as a category-B training prison, Swaleside does not have the ability to double as a resettlement prison. Also, the pressure on spaces means some prisoners are being inappropriately sent to Swaleside. How does the Minister propose to address these two issues? Repeated
Response
Additional measures being implemented include, drug detection scanning, perimeter checks and robust counter corruption and covert testing programmes.
Ministry of Justice In progress
3 While noting last year’s response that contractors had entered administration, the continued reliance of HMP Standford Hill on the kitchen at HMP Swaleside for the preparation of its food continues to cause major issues, as has been stated for years. What will the Prison Service do to address the ongoing issue? Repeated
Response
notes last year’s response that contractors had entered administration
HMPPS
3 Drugs, mobile phones and other illicit items being recorded at ‘serious risk’ is not acceptable for the safety of prisoners and staff. What steps is the Governor taking to ensure a safe prison environment? Governor / Director
4 The inexperience of staff is compounded by the limited training they receive. This is not sufficient to commence employment. What steps will the Minister take to involve Governors in the recruitment process, and what is the rationale for the exclusion of Governors from the process?
Response
The Mental Health Bill has now progressed to Report Stage in the House of Commons. The Bill introduces a new statutory time limit of 28-days for the transfer of patients with a mental disorder from prison and other places of detention to hospital. This time limit, together with operational improvements, aim to reduce unnecessary delays and deliver swifter access to treatment. The MoJ are working with the Department of Health and Social Care, NHS England, the Welsh Government, the Home Office, and the Youth Custody Service to create an implementation plan which sets out the operational improvements necessary to fulfil our commitment to commencing these reforms 18-24 month post Royal Assent. The MoJ are also working closely with health and justice partners to support the development of the recently established Mental Health and Justice Strategic Advisory Group. This group will improve oversight of the transfer process by bringing together key partners across operational delivery to scrutinise data and intelligence on transfer timeliness and identify and deliver solutions to address common causes of delays. In addition, the LTHSE specialist service, Pathways to Progression* will improve collaborative working with health settings to better meet the needs of prisoners with complex mental disorder whose needs result in difficulty progressing through their sentence and coping with custody. This includes joint working with health to provide better access to hospital settings for prisoners as well as more meaningful collaborative health-prison pathways for men as they progress through their sentence.
Ministry of Justice In progress
4 The Board notes the increase in trained mental-health staff, but the number of cases is combined with the inappropriate facilities to properly care for those with severe mental-health issues. When will the Prison Service increase secure units nationally? HMPPS
4 Too much time has been lost in movement to meaningful vocational work and/or education in the reporting year. How will the Governor address this issue? Governor / Director
5 In our 2023-2024 annual report, we stated that the situation with body worn video cameras (BWVCs) needs to rectified, so that all staff can be issued with cameras. The prison response was there are enough BWVCs for operational staff, but the Board believes non-operational staff need to have the opportunity when they come into contact with prisoners. Again, we ask when will the issue be rectified? Repeated
Response
BWVC is governed by a specific Policy Framework which outlines that any extension of BWVC to other roles, including non-operational roles, must be considered by the Governor to be ‘necessary and proportionate.’ In cases where this test is met, the rationale for deployment of BWVC needs to be recorded. The Governor at Swaleside would therefore need to determine a security need to widen the deployment of BWVC beyond operational staff, bearing in mind that BWVCs should not be used as a substitute for appropriate operational presence. The national rollout provided 190 cameras to Swaleside, which is sufficient for all mandated operational staff on shift, with a buffer for other staff. On average, 100 to 120 cameras are drawn daily. Any consideration regarding expansion of use at Swaleside would need to include LTHSE representation given the potential implications for the wider estate.
HMPPS Noted
5 The Board remains concerned that prisoners are being released from Swaleside without proper support. How does the Governor plan to address this issue? Repeated Governor / Director
6 Again, there is a lack of sufficient constant-watch cells during times of crisis. The Board noted the response last year that in-patient department cells were being considered, but no decision appears to have been made and G wing’s cell has been intermittently out of action. When will a decision be made? Repeated
Response
HMP Swaleside needs more cells to conduct constant supervision when it is required and MoJ are currently developing projects to improve the standard of cells across the site. In the interim, when needed, other prisons in the region are approached to help provide constant supervision cells. When alternative suitable locations are unavailable, added staff are deployed to supervise prisoners in the most suitable available cells within Swaleside.
HMPPS In progress
6 The relentless theft of stock by prisoners from the DHL workshop has not been addressed. What will the Governor do to prevent the thefts? Repeated Governor / Director
7 The Board is concerned about the number of adjudications that are being adjourned and prisoners not attending. This undermines the effective running of the prison. What are the reasons for the high number of adjournments and non-attendances and what actions can be taken to address them?
Response
We agree that there is a high and unacceptable number of remanded adjudications at HMP Swaleside. This results from too many low-level charges being laid because officers are not sufficiently challenging behaviours directly and are laying charges as a first resort without personal challenge or utilisation of the Incentives and Earned Privileges (IEP) scheme or other interventions. The current quantity of charges laid makes it difficult to reschedule hearings. We know that prisoners do not attend due to the belief that charges, once remanded, will not be followed up and have a general lack of regard for the outcomes from adjudications. By reducing the number of charges laid, the available resource can focus on ensuring all adjudications are heard effectively and efficiently. HMP Swaleside will achieve this by upskilling and empowering officers to directly challenge low level behaviours and use alternative disposals, such as IEP and Five-Minute Interventions.
HMPPS Accepted

Applications to the IMB

CategoryCurrentPrevious
Accommodation (including transfers) 285 197
Adjudications 216 120
Discipline/staff conduct 110 57
Drugs 33 24
Education and activities 112 108
Equality 28 85
Food 166 110
Healthcare 293 252
Legal 132 105
Other 857 180
Property 958 206
Safeguarding 20 12
Security 32 17
Segregation 102 70
Sentence planning and progression 240 160
Total 3,928 2,098
Visits 88 50
Welfare 114 85
Work/pay 92 60

Related inspections & investigations

15 Dec 2025 HMIP · Urgent Notification
11 Sep 2023 HMIP · Announced Safety 2 · Respect 2 · Activity 2 · Release 2
PPO fatal incident Charles Stevens · Other non-natural
PPO fatal incident Stephen Finnigan
PPO fatal incident Thomas Ruggiero · Self-inflicted
PPO fatal incident Scott Napier
6 Feb 2025 PPO fatal incident Peter Turner · Natural causes
24 Mar 2026 PFD Thomas Ruggiero · State Custody related deaths
8 Aug 2024 PFD Sean Davies · Suicide (from 2015)
24 Jan 2022 PFD Idris Habib · State Custody related deaths | Mental Health related deaths
13 Jul 2015 PFD Douglas Birch · State Custody related deaths

Other reports for Swaleside

2024 Published 30 Aug 2024 Population 900 · Concerns
2023 Published 8 Sep 2023 Population 828 · Concerns
2022 Published 19 Jul 2022 Population 1,038 · Self-harm 860 · Concerns
2021 Published 3 Sep 2021 Population 989 · Concerns
2020 Published 5 Aug 2020 Population 1,083 · Concerns

Report details

Establishment
Swaleside
Type
Prison · Cat B training prison
Report year
2025
Published
14 October 2025
Responsible body
HMP Swaleside
Recommendations
17
MoJ rating (2024/25)
1 — Serious concern

Population

Population922
Operational capacity965
CNA (designed for)1,111 83%
Time out of cell1.0h/day

Service providers

Healthcare
Oxleas NHS Foundation Trust

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