Source · IMB Annual Report
Durham
AI-generated report summary HMP Durham, a reception and resettlement prison, housed an average of 961 men against an operational capacity of 985 during the reporting year. The Board observed improvements in first-night healthcare screening and a reduction in self-harm incidents, alongside a significant increase in overall deaths in custody. Persistent overcrowding, inadequate regime delivery with prisoners spending 21.5 hours in cells, and critical staffing shortages impacting key working and healthcare access remain significant concerns.
Year: 2025
Published: 20 Mar 2026
Type: Prison · Cat local
Population: 961
Recommendations: 25
Key concerns
Positive findings
Safety statistics
| Indicator | This year | Previous |
|---|---|---|
| Deaths in custody | 12 | 4 |
| Self-harm incidents | 461 | 798 |
| ACCT cases opened | 934 | 1,007 |
| Prisoner assaults | 428 | 409 |
| Assaults on staff | 90 | 108 |
| Use of force | 933 | 882 |
| Drug finds | 1,783 | 1,696 |
Positive findings
AI-generated summaryConsiderable reduction in late arrivals and massive reduction in first-night healthcare screening due to collaborative working. Self-harm incidents decreased by 42% and assaults on staff reduced. The prison showed improved levels of decency, particularly in the first night centre. Significant improvements were noted in diversity and inclusion, with transgender prisoners being well supported, and the chaplaincy continued its excellent work. There was a 10% decrease in prisoner complaints and a reduction in mental health waiting times.
Key concerns
The Board has concerns about the level of overcrowding and unhygienic and undignified separation from toilet and living space.
The Board has concerns about the level of overcrowding and unhygienic and undignified separation from toilet and living space. Around 90% of cells originally designed for single occupancy are now double occupied.
There is a limited number of cells that are disability or age friendly.
A total of 90% of ACCTs monitored by the Board had administrative issues, including missing staff summaries, photos, and resident contributions. This has shown a deterioration in the completion of this important document.
The Board is concerned about the prison’s non-compliance with the minimum kit entitlement for prisoners.
Staffing levels have meant that the Governor and SMT took the decision to cut back on the delivery of key working to only focus on the most vulnerable prisoners, thus enabling them to prioritise regime delivery and prisoner time out of cell instead.
When the vulnerable prisoners (VP) unit operation is at capacity, VPs are located amongst the ‘mains’ (general prison) population. This presents challenges.
The prison has been unable to sustainably deliver the core day, meaning men are still spending 21.5 hours a day in cells. This has been exacerbated by roll reconciliation and staff shortages leading to ‘patrol state’ and lockdowns.
Source wording under review
A total of 90% of ACCTs monitored by the Board had administrative issues, evidencing a deterioration in the completion of this important document.
The percentage of prisoner-on-prisoner assault has increased from the last monitoring year; the percentage of use of force (UoF) incidents has increased. The Board is concerned that 396 prisoners (42.4%) involved in UoF incidents were not seen by a healthcare professional, an increase from 31% last year.
The percentage of prisoner-on-prisoner assault has increased from the last monitoring year.
The Board is concerned about the prison’s non-compliance with the minimum kit entitlement for prisoners, with shortages in boxer shorts, socks, joggers, sweat tops, t-shirts, and blankets.
Source wording under review
The percentage of use of force (UoF) incidents has increased since last year, and an increased number of prisoners involved in UoF (42.4%) were not seen by a healthcare professional, as mandated in PSO 1600.
The prison experienced two national education budget cuts, affecting classes, in addition to the loss of its special needs coordinator and reading specialist.
HMP Durham is aware that drugs are the root cause of most debt and disorder in the prison. From the Board’s observations, prison management is curtailing the flow of drugs into the prison. But demand does not wane, so debt continues, which impacts on levels of violence, UoF and self-harm.
The healthcare provider has reported, every month, to the LDB ‘queues continuing to be unmanned, increasing risk of medication diversion and bullying which has been witnessed by clinical staff. We are also seeing increasing instances of threatening behaviour directed towards nursing staff during medication times. These instances remain difficult to manage in the absence of manned queues’. In carrying out monitoring, the Board has observed this lack of supervision.
The prison has been unable to sustainably deliver the core day, meaning men are still spending 21.5 hours a day in cells, with roll reconciliation and staff shortages further reducing time out of cells and access to purposeful activity and healthcare.
The Board is concerned about the lack of support for the high number of unplanned releases. This year evidenced an increase in the number of prisoners released homeless.
National recruitment issues outside of the Governor’s control, in addition to the slowness of the vetting process, have impacted upon staffing issues across the prison during this monitoring year.
The healthcare provider has reported, every month, to the LDB ‘queues continuing to be unmanned, increasing risk of medication diversion and bullying which has been witnessed by clinical staff. We are also seeing increasing instances of threatening behaviour directed towards nursing staff during medication times. These instances remain difficult to manage in the absence of manned queues’. In carrying out monitoring, the Board has observed this lack of supervision.
The prison experienced national education budget cuts, affecting classes, compounded by the loss of its special needs coordinator and reading specialist.
The Board is concerned about the lack of support for the high number of unplanned releases and the increase in prisoners released homeless.
‘Key work is a key priority within our establishment and a key performance measure, particularly in relation to the quality of the sessions delivered.’ Whilst it is a stated priority, the pressures of staffing levels has meant that the Governor and SMT took the decision to cut back on the delivery of key working to only focus on the most vulnerable prisoners, thus enabling them to prioritise regime delivery and prisoner time out of cell instead.
Recommendations
What progress has been made since the implementation of the government’s 2024 prison capacity strategy and how will this directly impact on HMP Durham?
Government response
There have been no cuts to the national prison education budget, however, the cost of delivering high-quality education has risen significantly in recent years, and while the budget has increased, it has not kept pace with rising costs. As a result, some reductions in the volume of Core Education delivered have been necessary from October 2025. HMPPS have published transparency data on the level of Core Education commissioning under the previous and current Core Education contracts within prisons. The national reduction in delivery volume in October 2025 was 21%. HMP Durham saw a reduction of 16%. A revised funding formula has also been applied to ensure fair allocation based on prison population and regional cost differences. This redistribution means that some prisons will see greater delivery reductions, while others will see increases. This delivery reduction applies only to Core Education contracts and does not affect other education services such as libraries, careers advice, distance learning or vocational training delivered through industries and workshops. HMPPS is also investing in digital infrastructure, new assessment tools, and specialist staff to ensure that every pound spent delivers the greatest possible impact for learners. The Prison Education Dynamic Purchasing System also remains available to Governors to commission provision to meet the needs of their local prisoner cohort, and HMP Durham is utilising this option together with enrichment projects with third parties such as Durham University. It is also important that prisons continue to plan their curriculum based on careful analysis of their population's needs, and that ongoing efforts are made to improve attendance and allocations to ensure learners can gain the maximum benefit from the provision available.
Recommendation 1
What progress has been made since the implementation of the government’s 2024 prison capacity strategy and how will this directly impact on HMP Durham?
Recommendation 1
The Board is concerned about the planned 25% cut in education. What will the Prison Service do to address this issue?
Recommendation 1
The Board is concerned about the planned 25% cut in education. What will the Prison Service do to address this issue?
Recommendation 1
How does the Governor intend to ensure that all prisoners involved in UoF are seen by healthcare staff?
Recommendation 1
How does the Governor intend to ensure that all prisoners involved in UoF are seen by healthcare staff?
Recommendation 2
What will be done to speed up the process of getting staff into HMP Durham, including the third-party providers, for the time scale between appointment and starting work?
Government response
Following feedback from the operational line, some changes have been made to the format of the ACCT ongoing record. Although the format has changed, the content remains the same. Additionally, some minor formatting and wording adjustments have been made to the ACCT document to ensure alignment with the Safety Policy Framework. Local and national training has taken place for staff on the use of the most recent version of the ACCT document. In accordance with the new Safety Policy Framework which came into effect in January 2025, the electronic ACCT Quality Assurance tool was revised to strengthen local assurance of ACCT outcomes. Additional guidance on completing the tool was also issued. A new ACCT Analysis Tool will be available later this year and is intended to support establishments that do not currently have their own method for analysing ACCT specific data, helping to improve local understanding of strengths and areas for development in ACCT delivery. HMPPS will continue to review opportunities for improvement in the delivery of ACCT while continuing to prioritise the individual needs and safety of those supported through the ACCT process.
Recommendation 2
What will be done to speed up the process of getting staff into HMP Durham, including the third-party providers, for the time scale between appointment and starting work?
Recommendation 2
Given the Board’s observations regarding the high level of administrative errors, as seen in section 4.2, does the Prison Service believe the ACCT document in its current form is fit for purpose? What evidence does HMPPS have to support its conclusions?
Recommendation 2
Given the Board’s observations regarding the high level of administrative errors, as seen in section 4.2, does the Prison Service believe the ACCT document in its current form is fit for purpose? What evidence does HMPPS have to support its conclusions?
Recommendation 2
The prison continues to be non-compliant with the minimum entitlement of clothing for newly admitted prisoners. How is the Governor going to resolve this situation?
Recommendation 2
The prison continues to be non-compliant with the minimum entitlement of clothing for newly admitted prisoners. How is the Governor going to resolve this situation?
Recommendation 3
How does HMPPS intend to ensure sustainable funding for projects such as the early days in custody worker, where time limited external funding directly impacts on prisoner outcomes?
Government response
The Early Days in Custody family services worker was not commissioned by HMPPS for their work within HMP Durham. The part-time temporary family worker supporting early days was an initiative independently commissioned by the Nepacs charity, which holds other HMPPS-commissioned family services including a visitor’s centre team leader, visits teams, and a Family Engagement Worker (part-time) to work within HMP Durham. HMP Durham funds a full time Family Development Worker at the prison in addition to the Family Services provision, which is there to support all prisoners at HMP Durham, and the prison resources the First Night and Induction Unit with Prison Officers to support the early days of prisoners arriving at the establishment.
Recommendation 3
How does HMPPS intend to ensure sustainable funding for projects such as the early days in custody worker, where time limited external funding directly impacts on prisoner outcomes?
Recommendation 3
The Board has observed the lack of supervision of medication queues throughout the year. How will the Governor ensure that staff are deployed to maintain adequate supervision?
Recommendation 3
The Board has observed the lack of supervision of medication queues throughout the year. How will the Governor ensure that staff are deployed to maintain adequate supervision?
Recommendation 17
Yet again, the Board has raised concerns about the levels of overcrowding and its impact on the dignity of prisoners. Yet again, we have received answers offering no hope of improvement. When will the Minister actually resolve this issue? (5.1.1)
Government response
As set out in last years’ response, delivery of the 10-Year Prison Capacity Strategy is in full flow and the Government is committed to delivering an additional 14,000 prison places with an aim to do so by 2031. We have already delivered approximately 3,100 of these places since taking office. Our build programme consists of the construction of four new prisons, including HMP Millsike which opened in Spring 2025, as well as the expansion and refurbishment of the existing estate. We have committed a further investment of £4.7bn over the spending review period (2026/27 to 2028/29) to deliver these places, including breaking ground at the site of the new HMP Welland Oaks in Leicestershire in November 2025. We are also committed to undertaking critical maintenance work and the ambition to acquire more land for future prisons, should they be required. Whilst there are no additional places being delivered at HMP Durham as part of these expansion plans, the delivery of additional capacity will help to ease pressure across the estate.
Recommendation 18
Last year we asked, ‘What plans does the Prison Service have to improve the number of accessible cells for ageing or disabled prisoners?’ What investment do you intend to make within a reasonable time scale to improve prison experience for disabled prisoners? (5.1.6)
Government response
Generic response indicating HMPPS investment for 2024 to 2026. Nothing specific to HMP Durham.
Recommendation 19
What investment does the Prison Service intend to make to replace temporary and failing boilers so that prisoners are guaranteed heat and hot water when required?
Government response
I was pleased to note the better provision of hot water and heating since April 2025 which was raised as a concern in the last years’ report.
Recommendation 20
The prison was, again, designated as a cluster death site in July. What urgent steps will the Prison Service take to prevent deaths in custody?
Government response
I was deeply upset to hear twelve prisoners died during the reporting year, either in custody or shortly after release. I understand that the two deaths in custody were suspected to have been self-inflicted with the remaining ten deaths within 28 days of release. These deaths are extremely tragic and I offer my sincere condolences to the friends and family of all the deceased. Whilst there were recommendations for healthcare in some of the Prisons and Probation Ombudsman (PPO) reports, I would like to reassure the Board that any recommendations made by the PPO are always taken very seriously and trust the local management to inform the Board of all deaths using the agreed protocols.
Recommendation 21
What are the Governor’s plans to reduce violence, self-harm and assaults in the prison?
Government response
The Governor has provided the Board with two plans i.e. violence reduction and ACCT improvement
Recommendation 22
How will you ensure the alignment of operational and healthcare regimes? (6.2.13)
Government response
•The prison considers healthcare priorities, treatment times, and bespoke regime care concerns relating to the supervision of medication for inpatients at the weekly Regime Management Plan meeting. •The prison reprofiled and implemented new shifts and profiled tasks taking effect in January 2025 which detailed specific officers for supervising early medication issue. •D wing (which accommodates prisoners receiving methadone) has staffing priority in the weekly Regime Management Plan meeting and subsequent detailing priorities. •The prison receives assurance through our Local Delivery Board that the regime plan is balanced effectively for delivery of the healthcare regime.
Recommendation 23
What does the Governor intend to do to make sure that the key worker scheme is meaningful to prisoners, with a guaranteed time investment for staff so that key working becomes high profile and relevant? (5.3.1)
Government response
Staffing resources remain an issue, and we have an overtime incentivised scheme in place to help resources. Our focus in the beginning of the year has been on regime delivery to stabilise the prison and provide adequate time out of cell to the prisoners. In the last three months we have focused on making key work more relevant by improving quality and reducing the number of invalid sessions. This is evidenced by the improvement shown on the performance hub. A keywork audit has taken place and action plan has been agreed by the Governor. The action plan includes developing a keywork policy and improving Quality Assurance feedback loop and staff development. Keywork delivery will be in our business plan for 26/27 and one of the six main priorities of the prison for the year. Delivery of resources for key work will be monitored daily through the Governors morning meeting and through the weekly regime management plan meeting.
Recommendation 24
What does the Governor intend to do to secure a consistent and coherent approach to diversity across the prison? (5.4.19)
Government response
•Strand leads appointed for all P/C's with dates now submitted plotting out forums to be held across the next six months •D&I meeting plan under review by the Governor, to ensure this brings value and reviews strategic aims rather than just going through data. •DIRF (Discrimination Incident Reporting Forms) process now more embedded, with revised QA process, learning now shared with managers following DIRF investigations to improve future DIRFs •Weekly check of all captured protected characteristics by D&I CM, missing data is circulated to CMs and this is updated each week to ensure we have a full data set, which makes EMT (Equality Monitoring Tool) more meaningful and accurate.
Recommendation 25
How will you ensure that staff fully understand the eligibility and process for clothing parcels to be handed in/delivered to the prison so that consistent guidance is given to prisoners? (5.8.4)
Government response
A notice to staff outlines the process for receiving clothing parcels and was issued in January last year and will be an annual notice to staff, additionally reception staff are able to advise staff of the process for both reception and enhanced clothing parcels to be received at the prison. Notice to prisoners outlines the process to prisoners for having clothing parcels sent in. This also will go out annually as a reminder. Additionally for prisoners, the process is covered within the IPF (Incentives Policy Framework) framework and information available from Prisoner Information Desk workers and explained during the induction process. The information is also displayed in the visitor's centre for prisoner's visitors to be made aware of the process
Applications to the IMB
| Category | Current | Previous |
|---|---|---|
| Accommodation (including transfers) | 45 | 38 |
| Chaplaincy | 1 | 1 |
| Discrimination | 4 | 3 |
| Food | 7 | 5 |
| General application to Board member | 21 | 19 |
| Healthcare | 14 | 11 |
| Other | 37 | 32 |
| Property | 15 | 12 |
| Segregation | 6 | 7 |
| Treatment | 23 | 18 |
| Work/activities/education | 12 | 14 |
Related inspections & investigations
Safety 2
· Respect 2
· Activity 1
· Release 3
Jamie Graham · Other non-natural
Robert Barry · Natural causes
Charlie Todd · State Custody related deaths | Suicide (from 2015)
Matthew Hamilton · Alcohol, drug and medication related deaths; State Custody related deaths
Derek Thomas · State Custody related deaths
Edward Devlin · State Custody related deaths
Other reports for Durham
Population 974
· Self-harm 798
· Concerns
Population 981
· Self-harm 596
· Concerns
Population 976
· Self-harm 486
· Concerns
Population 974
· Self-harm 589
· Concerns
· Self-harm 522
· Concerns