Select Committee · Defence Committee

The Integrated Security, Defence and Foreign Policy Review

Status: Closed Opened: 5 Mar 2020 Closed: 9 Jul 2021 17 recommendations 1 report

In this inquiry, we explore how the Government should conduct an Integrated Security, Defence and Foreign Policy Review. The review is considered “the most radical reassessment of [the UK’s] place in the world since the end of the Cold War”, and covers “all aspects of international policy”. This inquiry will identify lessons learned from the … Show more

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Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
In Search of Strategy — The 2020 Integrated Review HC 165 13 Aug 2020 17 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

12 items
2 Recommendation In Search of Strategy — The 2020 Integr… Accepted

In its response to this report, the Government should set out how and when the...

In its response to this report, the Government should set out how and when the Prime Minister and other Cabinet Ministers will be involved in the Review process. Additionally, we seek clarity regarding: a. Which Cabinet Minister will chair the Review process in the Prime Minister’s absence b. What role … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government details the leadership structure of the Integrated Review, including the roles of the Prime Minister, Foreign Secretary, NSC, and specific taskforces. It also confirms that five thematic workstreams have been identified for the Review.
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Ministry of Defence
3 Recommendation In Search of Strategy — The 2020 Integr… Accepted

The Review should assess and report on the effectiveness of existing Government structures and policies...

The Review should assess and report on the effectiveness of existing Government structures and policies designed to facilitate cross- Government collaboration. This should include a review of the National Security Council and associated policy frameworks and funds, such as the Fusion Doctrine and the Conflict, Stability and Security Fund. If … Read more

Government response AI summary
The Government states that the Integrated Review is currently considering all cross-Government collaboration and assessing the effectiveness of all relevant structures and systems in the context of national security and international policy.
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Ministry of Defence
4 Recommendation In Search of Strategy — The 2020 Integr… Accepted

To ensure lessons are learned from previous security and defence Reviews, the Integrated Review should...

To ensure lessons are learned from previous security and defence Reviews, the Integrated Review should engage with a wide range of stakeholders who were engaged in or scrutinised previous Reviews and the policies, programmes and military deployments that flowed from them. Read more

Government response AI summary
The Government states that officials have met and will continue to meet with a wide range of stakeholders, including former Ministers, national security and defence officials, allies, the defence industry, civil society, think tanks, and academia, to ensure openness and transparency.
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Ministry of Defence
6 Recommendation In Search of Strategy — The 2020 Integr… Accepted

We welcome the Government’s ambition to conduct the “deepest” and “most radical review since the...

We welcome the Government’s ambition to conduct the “deepest” and “most radical review since the Cold War.” At a time of such geopolitical and economic uncertainty, it is vital that the Review involves thorough consideration of the desired “ends” of the UK’s security, defence, development and foreign policy as well … Read more

Government response AI summary
The Government agrees that challenging assumptions is critical and outlines mechanisms for this, including external workshops, an integrated whole-of-government approach, and MOD internal processes. It also confirms that expertise from the DSTL Wargaming Centre and the Strategic Net Assessment Team has been used to inform …
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Ministry of Defence
10 Recommendation In Search of Strategy — The 2020 Integr… Accepted

It remains to be seen whether the forthcoming Review will include an update to the...

It remains to be seen whether the forthcoming Review will include an update to the National Security Risk Assessment (NSRA) or whether a new approach will emerge. Whether or not the Review uses the terminology of the NSRA, we suggest that if this aspect of the Review is to provide … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states that the existing National Security Risk Assessment (NSRA) is regularly updated and integral to building resilience and informing defence posture. Recommendations from the Integrated Review will be incorporated into the NSRA as appropriate.
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Ministry of Defence
11 Recommendation In Search of Strategy — The 2020 Integr… Accepted

We welcome the Review’s focus on intensifying geopolitical competition in light of COVID-19.

We welcome the Review’s focus on intensifying geopolitical competition in light of COVID-19. To deliver a robust assessment of the capabilities and short and long term ambitions of hostile foreign states, the Review must consider the full range of Russia and China’s economic, diplomatic and military activities and include a … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states that the Integrated Review has already drawn on all-source assessments of many countries' capabilities, intent, and internal dynamics, addressing the committee's recommendation.
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Ministry of Defence
12 Recommendation In Search of Strategy — The 2020 Integr… Accepted

Existing spending commitments are a necessary but insufficient basis for approaching funding decisions in the...

Existing spending commitments are a necessary but insufficient basis for approaching funding decisions in the Integrated Review. Whilst the economic outlook for the UK remains uncertain, it is imperative that funding considerations are informed by the Review’s strategic analysis and not the other way around. The Integrated Review should look … Read more

Government response AI summary
The Government states it has not limited its thinking and is running the Comprehensive Spending Review in parallel with the Integrated Review to ensure resources are informed by strategic analysis. It views the 2% GDP defence spending target as a floor, not a ceiling, and …
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Ministry of Defence
13 Recommendation In Search of Strategy — The 2020 Integr… Accepted

To ensure that the Review considers the ways, ends and means of the UK’s security,...

To ensure that the Review considers the ways, ends and means of the UK’s security, defence, development and foreign policy in the round, the Government must set out the mechanisms that will be used to ensure the alignment between the Integrated Review and the Comprehensive Spending Review and clarify the … Read more

Government response AI summary
The Government states that the Integrated Review and Comprehensive Spending Review will remain closely aligned, with MOD's CSR submission reflecting the IR's policy propositions. It also clarifies that all MOD business areas are engaged to ensure a robust and deliverable financial baseline to meet future …
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Ministry of Defence
14 Recommendation In Search of Strategy — The 2020 Integr… Accepted

We urge the Government to consider a long-term multi-year financial settlement for defence, in order...

We urge the Government to consider a long-term multi-year financial settlement for defence, in order to ensure that the Integrated Review provides a reliable basis for planning the UK’s future defence posture. In Search of Strategy — The 2020 Integrated Review 58 Without this assurance, ongoing issues with the affordability … Read more

Government response AI summary
The Government confirms that the Comprehensive Spending Review will provide a multi-year financial settlement for Defence to enable the delivery of policy priorities set out in the Integrated Review, stating its position has not changed.
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Ministry of Defence
15 Recommendation In Search of Strategy — The 2020 Integr… Accepted

The Integrated Review is an opportunity for the Ministry of Defence to explain how our...

The Integrated Review is an opportunity for the Ministry of Defence to explain how our Armed Forces will fight in the future. It is promising that work is underway to develop new operating concepts but it is vitally important that this work is communicated to wider Government stakeholders involved in … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government highlights the Integrated Operating Concept 2025, launched in September 2020, which outlines a new approach to military operations and is actively informing Defence's contribution to the Integrated Review, including capability and resource decisions.
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Ministry of Defence
17 Recommendation In Search of Strategy — The 2020 Integr… Accepted

Given that systemic challenges have not been resolved in the previous thirteen reviews of defence...

Given that systemic challenges have not been resolved in the previous thirteen reviews of defence procurement, we doubt that the Integrated Review will come up with even a short-term fix. We believe that the Review ought to address the strategic issues that should underpin the UK’s approach to defence procurement, … Read more

Government response AI summary
The Government details a cross-Government review of the defence and security industry (a), states its procurement approach considers all relevant costs and benefits (b), and describes upgraded investment decision-making processes, including three-step approvals and improved lessons learned initiatives, to address strategic issues in procurement (c-f).
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Ministry of Defence
18 Recommendation In Search of Strategy — The 2020 Integr… Accepted

We have heard that external engagement in the Review process provides a challenge function to...

We have heard that external engagement in the Review process provides a challenge function to the Government’s understanding, can act as an early signpost to stakeholders who can contribute to achieving the UK’s security and defence priorities and contributes to the legitimacy of the review’s outcomes. External consultation must be … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government outlines the extensive external engagement process for the Integrated Review, including briefings for Parliament, a public call for evidence, engagement with civil society, academia, international partners, industry, and input from serving Armed Forces personnel.
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Ministry of Defence

Oral evidence sessions

2 sessions
Date Witnesses
17 Mar 2020 The Lord Ricketts GCMG GCVO · Cabinet Office, The Lord Stirrup KG GCB AFC · Ministry of Defence View ↗
10 Mar 2020 Douglas Barrie · International Institute for Strategic Studies, Malcolm Chalmers · Royal United Services Institute, Tom McKane · Ministry of Defence View ↗

Who gave evidence

5 witnesses
WitnessOrganisationSessions
Douglas Barrie · Senior Fellow for Military Aerospace International Institute for Strategic Studies 1
Malcolm Chalmers · Deputy Director-General Royal United Services Institute 1
The Lord Ricketts GCMG GCVO · Former National Security Advisor (2010-2012) Cabinet Office 1
The Lord Stirrup KG GCB AFC · Former Chief of Defence Staff (2006-2010) Ministry of Defence 1
Tom McKane · Director-General for Strategy and Director-Genera… Ministry of Defence 1