Select Committee · Business and Trade Committee

Decarbonisation of the power sector

Status: Closed Opened: 20 May 2022 Closed: 18 Jul 2023 44 recommendations 21 conclusions 1 report

The Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) Committee has launched an inquiry into the Government’s plans to decarbonise the UK’s power supply sector. The inquiry will scrutinise proposals unveiled in the Government’s Energy Security Strategy earlier this year, and the heavy emphasis it placed on scaling up the supply of electrical energy from nuclear power …

Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of the power sector HC 283 28 Apr 2023 65 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

65 items
1 Conclusion Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Accepted

Intensify government's unrelenting drive to deliver "Powering Up Britain" decarbonisation plans.

To deliver the Government’s target to decarbonise the power system by 2035, the UK needs to deploy low-carbon technologies at a faster rate than has been achieved historically. A whole host of regulatory and policy barriers continue to impede the deployment of clean technologies. The evidence submitted to our inquiry …

Government response. The government will report annually on its delivery of power sector decarbonisation and strengthen its portfolio management approach to provide a 'whole system' view and manage uncertainties.
Department for Business and Trade
2 Conclusion Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Accepted

Empower the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero to coordinate stakeholders and accelerate delivery.

The level of coordination and pace of delivery needed requires the Government to operate in a different way than it has in the past. We welcome the creation of the new Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, but that Department must now act to coordinate stakeholders, unlock bottlenecks, and …

Government response. The government outlines its overall energy strategy for 2035, referencing existing plans like the Net Zero Strategy and Energy Security Plan. It describes the overall goal and existing strategies but does not detail how the new Department for Energy Security …
Department for Business and Trade
3 Conclusion Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Lack of overarching delivery plan for power decarbonisation causes siloed decisions and systemic issues.

An overarching delivery plan for the decarbonisation of power, with clear milestones and contingencies, will help the Government bring a complex set of interrelated tasks together. At the moment, decisions are taken on specific technologies or issues in silos without a roadmap for the whole system. This has led to …

Government response. The government, through HM Treasury, focuses on monitoring the impact of international subsidies and leveraging capital allowances to support green industries, committing to engage with industry on tax incentives. It does not commit to developing an overarching delivery plan with …
Department for Business and Trade
4 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Publish comprehensive, long-term delivery plan for decarbonised power system by end of 2023.

We reiterate the calls of both the Climate Change Committee and National Audit Office for the Government to publish a comprehensive, long-term delivery plan for a decarbonised power system by 2035. The creation of a new Department for Energy Security and Net Zero should provide the impetus and Ministerial capacity …

Government response. The government's response discusses ongoing work related to Contracts for Difference (CfD) auction parameters, budgets, and engagement with industry, but does not commit to publishing a comprehensive long-term delivery plan for a decarbonised power system by the end of 2023.
Department for Business and Trade
5 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Define 'security of supply' and clarify acceptable residual emissions for power decarbonisation target.

The Government has set a target to decarbonise the power system by 2035, subject to security of supply. The Government has not defined ‘security of supply’. After 2035, there may be rare occasions when the UK needs to use unabated gas-fired stations to meet shortfalls in supply. A clear definition …

Government response. The government is undertaking further work and assessing options as part of the wider Review of Electricity Market Arrangements (REMA) but does not provide a definition of 'security of supply' or clarify residual emissions from unabated gas plants.
Department for Business and Trade
6 Conclusion Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Condition taxpayer support for oil and gas on transparent renewables investment and carbon budget compliance.

Announcements by major oil and gas companies to prioritise share buybacks and dividends over investment in renewables, and to scale back on targets to reduce the impact of their operations on the climate in favour of extracting more fossil fuels, suggest that the industry has some way to go before …

Government response. The government's response discusses a consultation on community benefits for network infrastructure, coordination with The Crown Estate on transmission links, and tracking offshore wind capacity, but does not address making taxpayer support for oil and gas companies contingent on their …
Department for Business and Trade
7 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Accepted

Introduce tailored capital allowance regime responses to attract investment in low-carbon energy projects.

The UK has become less attractive to energy investors. The UK is in a global race against larger markets to attract capital to decarbonise the economy. The US and EU have introduced a series of long-term tax incentives for clean energy infrastructure. The UK Government has yet to respond. We …

Government response. The government launched the Floating Offshore Wind Manufacturing Investment Scheme (FLOWMIS), worth up to £160 million, on March 30, 2023, to provide grant funding and leverage private investment in port infrastructure.
Department for Business and Trade
8 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Review Contracts for Difference Allocation Round 5 parameters to reflect rising costs for renewables developers.

There is a risk that the Government has not accurately reflected rising costs for renewables developers in the budget for this year’s Contracts for Difference auction, putting the viability of future projects into question. We recommend that the Government reviews the parameters set for its Contracts for Difference Allocation Round …

Government response. The government's response discusses the important role of onshore wind in achieving net zero targets and the reasons against setting a UK-wide target for its deployment. This completely deflects from the recommendation to review Contracts for Difference Allocation Round 5 …
Department for Business and Trade
9 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Equalise investment allowance rates for low-carbon electricity developers with oil and gas sector.

Providing that oil and gas companies utilise their investment allowances included in the Energy Profits Levy, oil and gas extraction will continue to benefit from a lower effective rate of marginal tax than low-carbon developers. This risks offering perverse incentives to investors. We recommend that when investing in low-carbon electricity …

Government response. The government's response discusses local decision-making for onshore wind sites and a consultation on changes to the National Planning Policy Framework, failing to address the recommendations regarding investment allowance rates for low-carbon developers or Voluntary Contracts for Difference.
Department for Business and Trade
10 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Acknowledged

Ensure a stable policy environment to de-risk investments in low-carbon energy infrastructure.

Recent policy and regulatory uncertainty has undermined investor confidence at precisely the time when the UK is looking to attract private investment in clean energy infrastructure. The Government should do its utmost to create and maintain a stable policy environment, which de-risks investments in low-carbon technologies. (Paragraph 53) Decarbonisation of …

Government response. The government is looking into arrangements to support repowering renewable assets, considering planning frameworks for upgrading onshore wind farms and CfDs for repowering, with consultation responses due shortly or in due course.
Department for Business and Trade
11 Conclusion Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Current bottlenecks risk stalling 50 GW offshore wind deployment by 2030.

The UK’s offshore wind sector is a success story. The Government has ambitious plans to scale up offshore wind deployment, maximising the potential of the UK’s natural resources. However, unless rapidly addressed, current bottlenecks in the process will stand in the way of the Government achieving its ambition for 50 …

Government response. The government states it continues to assess the merits of a long-term target for tidal stream deployment and recognizes the need for tailored subsidy mechanisms for tidal range, subject to value for money and evidence from proposed schemes, rather than …
Department for Business and Trade
12 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Publish plans for monitoring 50 GW offshore wind and Crown Estate social value oversight.

In response to this report, the Government should set out how it is monitoring progress against its ambition to deploy 50 GW of offshore wind by 2030. The Government should also set out how it will be responding to the recommendations of the UK Offshore Wind Champion. Furthermore, local communities …

Government response. The government's response discusses the strategic case for nuclear power, the establishment of GBN, and cost management for projects like Hinkley Point C and Sizewell C. This completely deflects from the recommendation concerning monitoring offshore wind targets, responding to the …
Department for Business and Trade
13 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Provide policy certainty for ports to de-risk investment in floating offshore wind infrastructure.

Floating offshore wind offers the potential to expand and diversify the UK’s portfolio of wind projects, including to the Celtic Sea. Significant new investment in UK ports will be needed to enable floating offshore wind to be deployed at scale and to harness local supply chains and manufacturing. The Government’s …

Government response. The government's response addresses plans to publish a nuclear roadmap and consult on a nuclear siting strategy later this year. This completely deflects from the recommendation to provide policy certainty to de-risk port investments for floating offshore wind infrastructure.
Department for Business and Trade
14 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Establish a UK-wide onshore wind target by 2035, informing an England-specific target.

The British Energy Security Strategy did not include a target for onshore wind, even though it is one of the cheapest and quickest sources of renewable electricity to deploy. We recommend that the UK Government works with the Scottish and Welsh Governments to agree a UK-wide target for the deployment …

Government response. The government's response details investments through the Nuclear Fuel Fund to support the domestic nuclear fuel supply chain and a strategic civil nuclear partnership with the US. This completely deflects from the recommendation to agree a UK-wide target for onshore …
Department for Business and Trade
15 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Reclassify onshore wind projects as National Significant Infrastructure Projects if planning reforms fail.

We welcome the Government’s decision to review the National Planning Policy Framework but are concerned that the proposed changes do not go far enough to encourage the new onshore wind capacity the country needs. The planning system needs to give more weight to critical infrastructure, such as onshore wind, that …

Government response. The government's response details its £20bn investment in Carbon Capture, Utilisation, and Storage (CCUS), including selected projects and cluster sequencing, but does not address the recommendation regarding onshore wind planning or its classification as critical infrastructure.
Department for Business and Trade
16 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Introduce a framework supporting repowering and life extensions for existing onshore wind farms.

We are pleased that the Government is looking at how best to support repowered assets. Replacing old onshore wind turbines with new technologies will help reduce the need for new capacity elsewhere. The Government should introduce a framework which supports the retention of existing onshore wind farms and other renewable …

Government response. The government's response describes Ofgem's investigation into Drax Power Limited and provides a general overview of the biomass industry and its sustainability criteria. This completely deflects from the recommendation to introduce a framework and planning presumption for repowering onshore wind …
Department for Business and Trade
17 Conclusion Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Accelerated deployment pace needed to achieve 70 GW solar capacity by 2035.

The Government’s aim for 70 GW of solar capacity to be installed by 2035 is welcome. Achieving this goal will require the UK to ramp up the pace at which new solar capacity is deployed. We therefore welcome the Government’s announcement of a solar roadmap and the establishment of a …

Government response. The government's response discusses its commitment to developing a business model for power BECCS and its support for existing biomass generating stations, rather than addressing the committee's welcome for solar capacity targets or the solar roadmap.
Department for Business and Trade
18 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Reduced tidal stream funding ringfence may damage UK marine energy advantage.

We agree that the Government should seek to maximise the renewable opportunities afforded by the UK’s geography, including the potential benefits of tidal energy. Unlike offshore wind, tidal stream projects have not benefited from stable subsidies to bring their costs down. The Government’s recent decision to reduce the tidal steam …

Government response. The government's response discusses developing a business model for power BECCS and setting GHG thresholds, completely ignoring the recommendation about tidal energy funding.
Department for Business and Trade
19 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Justify reduced tidal stream funding and consider longer CfDs with a 1GW target.

The Government should justify the rationale for lowering the ringfenced amount of funding for tidal stream in the latest Contracts for Difference auction, and we invite the future Energy Security and Net Zero Committee to consider that rationale and to challenge it if it thinks necessary. We also ask the …

Government response. The government's response states it plans to publish a Biomass Strategy and an updated bioenergy resource model, without addressing any aspect of the recommendation regarding tidal stream energy funding or targets.
Department for Business and Trade
20 Conclusion Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

UK nuclear power projects consistently face significant cost overruns and protracted delays.

The British Energy Security Strategy set an ambition for the UK to deploy 24 GW of civil nuclear power by 2050. This significantly raised the level of the Government’s ambition on nuclear power, above estimates suggested by the Climate Change Committee and others. But to be an effective part of …

Government response. The government's response highlights the importance of Greenhouse Gas Removals (GGRs) like BECCS for net zero and outlines deployment ambitions, ignoring the conclusion about nuclear power costs.
Department for Business and Trade
21 Conclusion Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Require Government to detail costs, financing, and transparency for 24 GW nuclear power ambition.

In response to this report, we request that the Government sets out: a) its current estimates of the total cost of delivering the Government’s 24 GW ambition; b) its latest official estimate of the total cost of Sizewell C and Hinkley Point C; Decarbonisation of the power sector 103 c) …

Government response. The government's response details plans to publish standard terms for the low carbon hydrogen production business model and to design new transport and storage business models, completely ignoring the request for information on nuclear power costs and financing.
Department for Business and Trade
22 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Mandate Government's nuclear roadmap to outline capacity, financing, and phasing options.

International examples suggest that the best way to bring the cost of nuclear energy generation down is to build a programme of new nuclear reactors, so that supply chains and skills can be developed and transferred from one project to the next. The Government has taken steps in this direction, …

Government response. The government's response outlines guidance and standards for hydrogen production projects, committing to minimise leakage and monitor environmental impacts, without addressing the recommendation on the nuclear roadmap or Great British Nuclear.
Department for Business and Trade
23 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Maximise export potential and support critical domestic nuclear fuel cycle assets.

Aside from the need to import uranium, the UK has the capability to undertake critical parts of the nuclear fuel cycle, such as uranium conversion, enrichment and fuel fabrication. The export potential of these strategic assets should be maximised, especially now that countries are looking to reduce their dependence on …

Government response. The government's response details its commitment to designing a hydrogen storage business model by 2025, progress on consultations, and legislative frameworks, along with existing funding programs for hydrogen projects. This completely deflects from the recommendation to support and maximise the …
Department for Business and Trade
24 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Require Government to announce CCS cluster projects, clarify funding, and develop robust regulation.

The Government’s recent confirmation of £20 billion investment over 20 years for the early development of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is welcome, allowing the implementation of the initial clusters to commence. However, none of this £20 billion is reflected in the formal budget policy costings, so it is unclear …

Government response. The government's response outlines its commitment to developing policy by 2024 to enable investment in large-scale, long-duration electricity storage (LLES) technologies. This completely deflects from the recommendations regarding Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) cluster announcements, funding clarity, and regulatory regime …
Department for Business and Trade
25 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Mandate Ofgem to thoroughly investigate Drax biomass sourcing and report findings to committee.

The Committee has been concerned to hear reports about alleged misreporting by Drax to Ofgem in order to draw down public funds. We note that Ofgem has started a special audit process. We call on Ofgem to ensure a thorough investigation of the evidence that supported Drax submissions, specifically in …

Government response. The government's response details investments in energy efficiency, plans for local energy planning, new consumer advice services, and work on improving EPCs, completely ignoring the committee's call for Ofgem to investigate alleged misreporting by Drax.
Department for Business and Trade
26 Conclusion Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Large-scale biomass subsidies have not provided value for money or optimal public funds use.

The UK’s biomass industry is a diverse sector made up of large-scale power plants through to smaller-scale, more local, generators. The overall costs of large-scale bioenergy power plants, which converted from coal-fired plants, are very expensive and rely heavily on imported feedstocks, which may not be produced sustainably, and which …

Government response. The government's response outlines its Action Plan for reforming the planning system for Nationally Significant Infrastructure and plans to publish a consultation document. This completely deflects from the committee's conclusion regarding the costs, sustainability, and value for money of the …
Department for Business and Trade
27 Conclusion Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

End taxpayer support for unabated bioenergy plants by 2027; restrict future subsidies to local waste biomass.

We believe that there should be no extension beyond 2027 for taxpayer support for unabated bioenergy plants, and that the aim should be to phase out such plants in favour of more sustainable alternatives as soon as possible. This could include bioenergy with carbon capture and storage but only in …

Government response. The government states that its energy National Policy Statements (NPSs) are undergoing a second round of consultation, after which responses will be considered, finalised, and presented to Parliament by the end of the year, deflecting the specific recommendations on bioenergy …
Department for Business and Trade
28 Conclusion Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Condition BECCS taxpayer support on robust evidence of carbon neutrality and value for money.

Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage has yet to be commercially deployed in the UK. We have concerns about whether biomass feedstocks can be scaled up sustainably to meet domestic and global demand and whether BECCS facilities will provide value for money. To ensure sufficient oversight of sustainability standards, the …

Government response. The government's response outlines plans to introduce recommended funding for community benefits from electricity transmission infrastructure and discussions on supply chain development, without addressing the committee's conditions for future taxpayer support for BECCS.
Department for Business and Trade
29 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Publish biomass strategy detailing demand assessment, domestic feedstock reliance, and supply scaling timeframe.

The Government was due to publish a biomass strategy last year, setting out the role of biomass in helping to achieve the Government’s net zero target, including whether biomass would be best used to generate electricity or for other purposes The Government should publish its biomass strategy without delay and …

Government response. The government's response focuses on accelerating new electricity network infrastructure and grid connections, including the work of the Network Commissioner and Ofgem's efforts, completely ignoring the recommendation to publish the biomass strategy.
Department for Business and Trade
30 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Establish robust contingency plans for BECCS viability and avoid unproven carbon removal technologies

We urge the Government to ensure that there is a robust contingency plan in place if BECCS proves unviable, either in terms of its sustainability or efficiency. We urge the Government not to rely upon unproven technologies at the expense of other simpler and cheaper approaches, which could be taken …

Government response. The government's response details its commitment to accelerate new electricity network capacity, manage grid constraints, and implement strategic network planning, without addressing the recommendation for a BECCS contingency plan.
Department for Business and Trade
31 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Develop cross-sectoral hydrogen infrastructure strategy and finalise business models this year

Hydrogen looks set to be an important part of a decarbonised power system, both as a source of low-carbon dispatchable power to replace gas and as a source of energy storage which can take advantage of excess supply of renewables. However, given supply constraints, the Government needs to determine the …

Government response. The government's response details Ofgem’s streamlining of regulatory approval for Accelerating Strategic Transmission Investment projects and the appointment of an Electricity Networks Commissioner, without addressing the recommendation on hydrogen strategy or business models.
Department for Business and Trade
32 Conclusion Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Outline plans for blue hydrogen to address warming effect of emissions and methane leakage

Blue hydrogen may have value as a transitional measure which builds a market for hydrogen and provides supply over the shorter term. However, excess reliance on blue hydrogen could leave the UK exposed to volatile international gas prices and risk increasing greenhouse gas emissions due to the threat of methane …

Government response. The government's response focuses entirely on improving electricity network connections and reducing connection timescales, including an upcoming Connections Action Plan, without addressing the committee's questions about blue hydrogen, hydrogen emissions, or methane leakage.
Department for Business and Trade
33 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Confirm hydrogen storage project deliverability by 2030 and outline the achievement strategy

Whilst the Government’s commitment to delivering hydrogen storage business models by 2025 is welcome, it appears that this could be too late to allow the development of hydrogen storage projects so that they are in operation in time to meet the Government’s target for 10 GW of hydrogen by 2030, …

Government response. The government's response details Ofgem's RIIO-ED2 price control, funding for electricity distribution network upgrades to support electric vehicles and heat pumps, and Ofgem's consultation on future network regulation, completely failing to address the recommendation regarding hydrogen storage delivery by 2030.
Department for Business and Trade
34 Conclusion Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Long-duration energy storage deployment faces barriers and lacks sufficient policy prioritisation

The deployment of long-duration energy storage is essential to ensuring that a zero- carbon power system can operate 24/7, 365 days a year. These projects are capital intensive and face barriers to deployment due to a lack of long-term market signals. The Government’s 2024 ambition to develop appropriate policy to …

Government response. The government's response highlights Ofgem's RIIO-ED2 price control mechanisms, including flexible funding and enabling strategic investment for network needs. However, it does not directly address the committee's concern about the prioritisation of specific long-duration energy storage policy.
Department for Business and Trade
35 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Establish policy framework for long-duration energy storage investment and ensure sufficient staffing

We recommend that the Government establishes an appropriate policy framework to support investment decisions in long-duration energy storage this year, to enable projects to be completed by the end of the decade. This includes setting out a target range for long-duration energy technologies and putting in place a revenue stabilisation …

Government response. The government welcomes Ofgem's consultation on the future of local energy institutions and governance, stating it will engage with Ofgem to ensure appropriate arrangements are implemented, potentially legislating. However, it does not directly address the recommendation for a policy framework, …
Department for Business and Trade
36 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Bring forward energy efficiency funding, prioritise home retrofit, and reform the EPC rating system

Energy efficiency is the quickest and most cost-effective way to reduce gas demand and lower household energy bills. If significant strides are not made to reduce demand, it will become increasingly challenging and expensive to decarbonise 106 Decarbonisation of the power sector the electricity system. We call on the Government …

Government response. The government's response details Ofgem's mandate and the efficiency targets and funding allocated within electricity network price controls RIIO-ED2 and RIIO-T2, focusing on network costs, but does not address recommendations for energy efficiency funding, home retrofits, communications, or EPC reform.
Department for Business and Trade
37 Conclusion Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Planning system represents a major constraint on low-carbon energy infrastructure delivery

The planning system, nationally and locally within England and also in Scotland and Wales, is a major constraint on the timely delivery of low-carbon energy infrastructure. There are many reasons for this, some of which we do not cover in this report, and we acknowledge the need for effective controls …

Government response. Ofgem's response describes its stakeholder engagement and consultation processes for the RIIO-ED2 price control, aiming to ensure fair price controls and minimise information asymmetry. This addresses network investment regulation rather than the committee's observation about planning system constraints on low-carbon …
Department for Business and Trade
38 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Resource planning bodies adequately and embed net zero targets into the planning system

The Government should ensure that bodies within the planning system (such as local authorities, the Planning Inspectorate, and the Marine Management Organisation) are adequately resourced to process and comment on applications faster. The Department for Energy Security and Net Zero should work with the Department for Levelling-Up, Housing and Communities, …

Government response. The Electricity System Operator's (ESO) response details its role in balancing the electricity network, integrating low-carbon technologies into the Balancing Mechanism, and monitoring carbon intensity, without addressing the committee's recommendations for resourcing planning bodies or embedding net zero targets in …
Department for Business and Trade
39 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Accelerate finalisation of National Policy Statements for Energy and align with future delivery plan

In December 2020, the Government confirmed that the National Policy Statements for Energy, which were published in 2011, would need to be updated to reflect our transition away from fossil fuels and towards cleaner, greener sources of energy. We are disappointed that now, in 2023, the Government has not yet …

Government response. The Electricity System Operator (ESO) and Ofgem's response describes the Demand Flexibility Service, its success during Winter 22/23, and ongoing evaluations for potential future rollout, entirely failing to address the committee's recommendation regarding the delayed finalisation and future alignment of …
Department for Business and Trade
40 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Improve assessment and delivery of social value for communities hosting clean energy infrastructure.

Local communities who host critical clean energy infrastructure should benefit from doing so. We call on Government to work with the Crown Estate to use the upcoming licencing round for offshore wind in the Celtic Sea as an opportunity for improving the assessment and delivery of social value to local …

Government response. Ofgem's response details its work on distributed flexibility markets, including consultations on local energy institutions, governance, and developing digital infrastructure for these markets, completely ignoring the recommendation to work with the Crown Estate on improving social value from offshore wind …
Department for Business and Trade
41 Conclusion Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Accepted

Inadequate grid network capacity and connection delays are hampering low-carbon power delivery.

A lack of network capacity and delays to securing grid connections are together hampering the delivery of low-carbon power and driving potential investments overseas. For too long, transmission and distribution network owners have been able to delay or avoid the level of anticipatory investment required to deliver a network capable …

Government response. The Electricity System Operator (ESO) acknowledges the need for investment in its systems and details its ongoing Open Balancing Program to modernise balancing capabilities and IT platforms, aiming to increase flexibility and market participation for a net-zero electricity system. This …
Department for Business and Trade
42 Conclusion Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Accepted

Accelerate investment in future grid capacity ahead of need to prevent generation curtailment costs.

We join many other organisations from across the sector in calling on Ministers, Ofgem and network owners to help recover lost ground by accelerating investment in future grid capacity now ahead of need. The increasing costs associated with turning off generation sites due to a lack of transmission capacity must …

Government response. The government details how Ofgem's RIIO-ED2 price control, which commenced in April 2023, along with measures like LV monitoring capacity and the DSO incentive, aim to unlock network capacity and support smart technologies. This response outlines existing or recently implemented …
Department for Business and Trade
43 Conclusion Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Prioritise enacting competition measures for onshore electricity networks within the Energy Bill.

There has been a clear lack of strategic planning and coordination of energy infrastructure and network upgrades. A failure to plan from a whole system perspective risks increasing the overall costs of the transition. We welcome the more strategic approach emerging following National Grid ESO’s Holistic Network Design and Ofgem’s …

Government response. The government will launch a Call for Evidence in summer 2023, followed by a consultation later in 2023, on how the energy retail market framework needs to evolve. This response focuses on retail market reforms rather than strategic planning of …
Department for Business and Trade
44 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Establish a Minister-led infrastructure delivery group to expedite national network infrastructure build at pace.

We recommend that Ofgem sees the Accelerated Strategic Transmission Investment (ASTI) framework as a starting point to accelerate the delivery of the necessary grid upgrades required to meet the Government’s 2035 target. This work should continue beyond 2035 to ensure adequate overall capacity for delivering on the 2050 net zero …

Government response. The government references its ongoing Review of Electricity Market Arrangements (REMA), which involved a first consultation in 2022 and a second planned for Autumn 2023, exploring options for market reform and locational signals. The response outlines a process of consultation …
Department for Business and Trade
45 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Enable National Grid ESO to require projects meet strengthened grid connection milestones.

The UK’s “first come first served” approach to grid connections is failing to deliver the volume of connections required. Projects which may be speculative or slow-moving risk being prioritised over those that are more viable. While we welcome National Grid ESO’s five-point plan to tackle queue management issues at the …

Government response. The government highlights its consultation on the Strategy and Policy Statement (SPS) for Energy Policy and the establishment of the Future System Operator (FSO), which will manage electricity and gas networks. The response outlines these ongoing policy and structural developments, …
Department for Business and Trade
46 Conclusion Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

RIIO-ED1 regulatory process proved overly generous for distribution network operators' profits.

The RIIO-ED1 process, which set the amount network operators could charge energy bill-payers for making upgrades to the grid over the period 2015–2023, proved overly generous. Distribution Network Operators were able to either build 108 Decarbonisation of the power sector more infrastructure that is rewarded through the Regulated Asset Value, …

Government response. The government details the establishment of the Future System Operator (FSO), aiming for it to be operational in 2024 with a duty to promote net zero. It will also create a framework agreement outlining FSO's relationships. This response focuses on …
Department for Business and Trade
47 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Accepted

Require Ofgem to ensure RIIO-ED2 mechanisms enable distribution network investment for low-carbon rollout.

We recommend that when a need for investment in the distribution network becomes clear, Ofgem ensures the uncertainty mechanisms included in the RIIO-ED2 framework are applied efficiently. Should these prove inadequate to respond to a rapid roll-out of low-carbon technologies, Ofgem should take equivalent steps to its ASTI framework to …

Government response. Ofgem states that its RIIO-ED2 framework already provides effective uncertainty mechanisms, including a Reopener mechanism, and an ability to accelerate investment for rapid low-carbon technology rollout, thus addressing the recommendation through existing provisions.
Department for Business and Trade
48 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Require Ofgem to revise distribution network planning to be more outcome-focused.

We are concerned by the risks that customers face different outcomes in different regions due to a lack of national direction setting for distribution networks. We recommend that Ofgem revises its approach to the planning of distribution networks to one which is more outcome focused. Ofgem should set the minimum …

Government response. The government recognises the need for a strategic approach to network planning and notes that Ofgem has launched a consultation on local energy institutions, including proposed Regional System Planners. The government will engage with this review, expects Ofgem to publish …
Department for Business and Trade
49 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Accepted

Network owners continue to be overly rewarded through current regulatory settlements.

Regulatory settlements for network owners must deliver value for money for consumers. Despite improvements from Ofgem in tackling excessive profits made by these companies in previous price control frameworks, we are concerned that network owners continue to be overly rewarded. Asymmetries throughout the regulatory process between network companies and other …

Government response. The government states that Ofgem's current price controls (RIIO-ED2 and RIIO-T2) already include stringent efficiency targets, lower allowed returns, and mechanisms to share outperformance with consumers, addressing concerns about value for money and excessive profits. They also highlight funding for …
Department for Business and Trade
50 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Acknowledged

Introduce rigorous annual performance processes for network owners and publicise information for engagement.

We recommend that Ofgem consults on how best to address the asymmetries in resources and knowledge between network companies and other stakeholders, such as consumer groups, which influence processes such as price controls. We recommend that Ofgem introduces a more rigorous annual performance process for network owners, and that this …

Government response. Ofgem acknowledges the importance of addressing asymmetries in resources and knowledge, outlining its sustained engagement process in price controls and future measures in the Energy Bill. However, it does not commit to consulting on the issue or introducing a new …
Department for Business and Trade
51 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Accepted in Part

Require National Grid ESO to open markets, report carbon footprint, and plan for 2035 decarbonisation.

National Grid ESO’s markets for balancing the system and addressing constraints continue to be dominated by fast-acting gas plants. More flexible and responsive low-carbon assets, such as batteries, could lead to greater competition in National Grid ESO’s markets and offer more cost-effective services. We recommend that National Grid ESO opens …

Government response. The ESO acknowledges the importance of integrating low-carbon technologies but notes its current licence prevents considering technology type in decision-making. It states that carbon intensity for the Balancing Mechanism is already monitored and published, and it will consider how markets …
Department for Business and Trade
52 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Acknowledged

Require National Grid ESO to provide clearer signals on future energy constraint location, value, duration.

Despite welcome progress by National Grid ESO to develop and implement new initiatives to harness flexibility, there is still more to be done to ensure that clear signals are provided regarding the location, duration and value of future constraints. We recommend that National Grid ESO sends stronger identifying when and …

Government response. The ESO understands the importance of integrating low carbon technologies and will consider how markets must evolve to facilitate more low-carbon technologies contributing to system balancing and stability, while actively monitoring the carbon intensity of the Balancing Mechanism.
Department for Business and Trade
53 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Mandate National Grid ESO and Ofgem to develop transitional demand-side response services with industry.

To build on the success of the Demand Flexibility Service and ensure that demand- side response can become mainstream, the industry needs the opportunity to do more learning by doing. While necessary system reforms take place to create a more enabling environment for demand-side response, we recommend that National Grid …

Government response. ESO is currently evaluating the existing Demand Flexibility Service with industry participants and consumers, with outcomes to be published later in the summer to inform its future evolution. Ofgem will support this review for a potential further rollout for winter …
Department for Business and Trade
54 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Accepted

Mandate Ofgem to pressure the ENA and DNOs for faster Open Networks Programme implementation.

At present, flexibility markets are disjointed and difficult to navigate, impeding the participation of small assetsand reducing the value of distributed flexibility. While Ofgem should be commended for its proposals for a single digital flexibility platform, this should not distract from near-term actions that are required to drive immediate progress. …

Government response. Ofgem strongly agrees with the need for faster progress, stating it is driving DSO capabilities through incentives and working closely with the ENA and DNOs to ensure the Open Networks programme is delivered at pace.
Department for Business and Trade
55 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Acknowledged

Accelerate National Grid ESO IT upgrades to handle sub-1MW flexibility and report progress to Parliament.

To unlock the potential role that flexibility can play in better synchronising supply and demand, National Grid ESO will need to improve its digital capabilities. We recommend that National Grid ESO speeds up progress on making sure its IT upgrades mean that it can handle flexibility from assets smaller than …

Government response. The ESO acknowledges the need for investment in systems and states it is modernising balancing capabilities through its Open Balancing Program. However, it does not specifically commit to handling assets smaller than 1MW or reporting progress to Parliament.
Department for Business and Trade
56 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Accepted

Mandate Ofgem to intervene on DNO visibility standards and monitor 'Flexibility First' adherence.

In future, data and visibility will be key to ascertaining whether network reinforcement or an alternative, such as procuring flexibility services, would be most cost effective for consumers. But there has been insufficient investment in monitoring capability at low voltages to date, resulting in poor visibility of connected assets and …

Government response. Ofgem agrees with the recommendation, stating it has approved £167.54m for Distribution Network Operators (DNOs) to roll out Low Voltage (LV) network monitoring. Ofgem also clarifies that its DSO incentive framework within RIIO-ED2 includes evaluation criteria and a new smart …
Department for Business and Trade
57 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Deferred

Mandate government prioritisation of retail market reform and an updated Energy Retail Market Strategy.

The current regulatory and market structures of the retail sector will not deliver a consumer experience that can adequately support the transition to decarbonised power system. We recommend that the Government prioritises the reform of the retail market and that its updated Energy Retail Market Strategy: a) clearly sets out …

Government response. The government recognizes the retail market's importance and will pursue reforms by launching a Call for Evidence in summer 2023, followed by a consultation later in 2023, to determine how the framework should evolve.
Department for Business and Trade
58 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Accepted

Ensure wholesale electricity market reforms avoid an investment hiatus, protecting the 2035 target.

We agree that the wholesale electricity market arrangements need reform to help decarbonise power in a way that secures supply and ensures the system can function efficiently, including more locational signals. In principle, we find the argument for locational pricing appealing, but we are concerned about its deliverability and its …

Government response. The government confirms it is actively reviewing electricity market arrangements (REMA), with a second consultation due in Autumn 2023. It has updated its assessment criteria to include "Investor Confidence" and explicitly commits to ensuring that renewable generation investment is not …
Department for Business and Trade
59 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Accepted

Provide a clear pathway on wholesale market arrangements evolution by Government before end 2023.

We recommend that the Government provides before the end of 2023 a clear pathway on how wholesale market arrangements will evolve following its consultation. There are a number of constructive steps that the Government could make to the existing market structure in the near term, which would help it to …

Government response. The government aims to publish a second consultation on the Review of Electricity Market Arrangements (REMA) in Autumn 2023. This consultation will set out a direction of travel and next steps for the evolution of wholesale market arrangements.
Department for Business and Trade
60 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Accepted

Add explicit net zero duty to Ofgem's remit and publish updated Strategy and Policy Statement.

Even though we urged the Government to publish its already very delayed Strategy and Policy Statement for Ofgem back in July 2022, it has still not materialised. We recommend that an explicit duty to deliver on the statutory net zero target is added to Ofgem’s remit. We reiterate our previous …

Government response. The government published its consultation on the Strategy and Policy Statement for Energy Policy in May 2023 and is content to amend Ofgem's existing duty to explicitly reference the net zero targets from the Climate Change Act 2008.
Department for Business and Trade
61 Conclusion Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Accepted

Future System Operator's roles, responsibilities, and powers lack clarity.

The Future System Operator (FSO) is expected to provide strategic oversight of the planning and coordination of the power system, but there is a still a lack of clarity over its specific roles, responsibilities and powers, as well as how it will interact with the Government and Ofgem. It is …

Government response. The government outlines that the FSO will have necessary powers via the Energy Bill, with Ofgem regulating its functions, performance, and funding. It commits to creating and publishing a framework agreement to clarify roles between ministers, Ofgem, and the FSO, …
Department for Business and Trade
62 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Accepted

Grant Future System Operator sufficient powers and resources, including clear net zero directive.

The Future System Operator (FSO) should be granted sufficient powers and resources to effectively plan and co-ordinate the transformation of the electricity system. The FSO should be given a clear net zero directive within its governance arrangements. In response to this report, we ask that the Government confirms whether it …

Government response. The government confirms the FSO will have a net zero objective enshrined in the Energy Bill, aims for the FSO to be operational in 2024, and will publish a framework outlining institutional responsibilities between Ministers, Ofgem, and the FSO. It …
Department for Business and Trade
63 Conclusion Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Accepted

Policy and regulatory barriers impede power sector decarbonisation by 2035 target.

While huge strides have been made by the Government and industry over the last decade to tackle emissions in the power sector, the UK must continue to accelerate its shift away from fossil fuels to clean energy. However, a suite of policy and regulatory barriers are blocking progress to achieving …

Government response. The government acknowledges the benefit of a more overarching approach and commits to annual reporting on decarbonisation delivery. It will also strengthen its portfolio management to adopt a "whole system" view across its delivery work.
Department for Business and Trade
64 Conclusion Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Acknowledged

UK electricity sector investment proposition has significantly deteriorated amid global competition.

The UK investment proposition for the electricity sector has deteriorated since the launch of our inquiry. The global race for capital in low-carbon projects has intensified. Meanwhile developers of renewables projects in the UK are experiencing substantial cost inflation and are subjected to a windfall tax less generous than that …

Government response. The government states it will not engage in a distortive subsidy race, but expects current capital allowance changes to support green industries and will engage with industry on incentives. It is also considering using Contracts for Difference for operational generators …
Department for Business and Trade
65 Recommendation Eleventh Report - Decarbonisation of th… Accepted in Part

Ensure planning authorities are properly resourced and streamline processes for 2035 target.

To address the delivery risks to the 2035 target, the Government will need to ensure that planning and environmental authorities are properly resourced, that planning guidance is aligned with its decarbonisation goals and that the process is streamlined. Ofgem needs to approve investment in the electricity networks ahead of need …

Government response. The government supports Ofgem’s approach to investing ahead of need, detailing £30bn, £22bn, and an additional £10bn in approved network investments. It agrees on the need to reform the grid connection process and is working with Ofgem/ESO, and states that …
Department for Business and Trade

Oral evidence sessions

5 sessions
Date Witnesses
21 Mar 2023 Adam Bell · Stonehaven, Adam Berman · Energy UK, Laura Sandys CBE · Energy Digitalisation Taskforce, Rachel Fletcher · Octopus Energy View ↗
7 Mar 2023 Akshay Kaul · Ofgem, Alice Delahunty · National Grid Electricity Transmission, Basil Scarsella · UK Power Networks (UKPN), Chris Burchell · Scottish and Southern Electricity Networks (SSEN) Distribution, Claire Dykta · National Grid Electricity System Operator (ESO), Kayte O’Neill · National Grid Electricity System Operator (ESO), Lawrence Slade · Energy Networks Association (ENA), Rebecca Barnett · Ofgem View ↗
24 Jan 2023 Dame Sue Ion, Dr Jonathan Radcliffe · University of Birmingham, Dr Paul Dorfman · Nuclear Consulting Group (NCG) and Associate Fellow, Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU), Sussex Energy Group, University of Sussex, Lincoln Hill · Nuclear Industry Association, Merlin Hyman · Regen (Electricity Storage Network), Nick Lawson · Ocean Wall, Sarah Honan · The Association for Decentralised Energy, Will Mezzullo · Centrica View ↗
22 Nov 2022 Catherine Raw · SSE Thermal, Dr Daniel Quiggin · Chatham House, Dr Nina Skorupska CBE · REA, Matthew Williamson · British Petroleum (bp), Olivia Powis · The Carbon Capture and Storage Association, Phil MacDonald · Ember, Sandy Hore-Ruthven · Severn Wye Energy Agency, Will Gardiner · Drax View ↗
1 Nov 2022 Chris Hewett · Solar Energy UK, Dan McGrail · Renewable UK, Dr David Joffe · Climate Change Committee, Guy Newey · Energy Systems Catapult, James Richardson · National Infrastructure Commission, Richard Arnold · Marine Energy Council, Robert Buckley · Cornwall Insight, Tom Glover · RWE Generation View ↗

Correspondence

14 letters
DateDirectionTitle
25 Apr 2023 To cttee Letter from TotalEnergies relating to the decarbonisation of the power sector i…
25 Apr 2023 To cttee Letter from Shell UK relating to the inquiry on the Decarbonisation of the powe…
21 Mar 2023 To cttee Letter from UK Power Networks relating to network losses, 14 March 2023
7 Feb 2023 To cttee Letter from Chair of Equinor relating to the Decarbonisation of the power secto…
7 Feb 2023 To cttee Letter from BP relating to the Decarbonisation of the power sector inquiry, 20 …
7 Feb 2023 To cttee Letter from Harbour Energy relating to the Decarbonisation of the power sector …
10 Jan 2023 To cttee Letter from REA relating to evidence session on biomass in the power sector, 8 …
6 Dec 2022 To cttee Letter from the Chair to Harbour Energy regarding decarbonisation of the power …
6 Dec 2022 To cttee Letter from the Chair to Equinor regarding decarbonisation of the power sector …
6 Dec 2022 To cttee Letter from the Chair to Shell regarding decarbonisation of the power sector, 2…
6 Dec 2022 To cttee Letter from the Chair to Total Energies regarding decarbonisation of the power …
6 Dec 2022 To cttee Letter from the Chair to BP regarding decarbonisation of the power sector 28.11…
17 Oct 2022 From cttee Letter to the Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy r…
13 Oct 2022 From cttee Letter to the Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy r…