Select Committee · National Security Strategy (Joint Committee)

Undersea cables

Status: Open Opened: 23 Jan 2025 21 recommendations 7 conclusions 1 report

Undersea cables form the backbone of the world’s internet. The UK has around 60 cables which connect us to the outside world, carrying 99% of our data. Concern has been growing about the risk of these cables being sabotaged by foreign states. The consequences would be extensive. This inquiry will examine the UK’s ability to … Show more

Clear

Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
1st Report - Subsea telecommunications cables: resilience a… HC 723 19 Sep 2025 28 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

7 items
15 Recommendation 1st Report - Subsea telecommunications … Accepted in Part

The Department for Science, Innovation and Technology should ensure all lead departments have detailed sector-by-sector...

The Department for Science, Innovation and Technology should ensure all lead departments have detailed sector-by-sector technical impact studies on areas most likely to be affected and response plans—notably finance, maritime and air traffic, communications, defence and supply chains including food and fuel. We suggest such assessments are handled securely given … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government partially agrees on the importance of a centralised coordination function, establishing an Undersea Infrastructure Security Oversight Board chaired by the Cabinet Office for strategic direction, but does not adopt the specific suggestion to expand SIRG or set up a new inter-ministerial group.
Read full response →
Cabinet Office
20 Recommendation 1st Report - Subsea telecommunications … Accepted in Part

The Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office and the Department for Business and Trade should apply...

The Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office and the Department for Business and Trade should apply diplomatic and economic pressure to press for adequate investigations from flag states and states where vessels suspected of cable damage enter port. The Government should also work with partners, particularly the International Maritime Organization, to … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states it frequently uses diplomatic levers to ensure investigations into cable breaks. It notes existing IMO work on data sharing and mechanisms for reporting vessel behaviour, but states there is a limit to the utility of port inspections as suspicious vessels often avoid …
Read full response →
Cabinet Office
22 Recommendation 1st Report - Subsea telecommunications … Accepted in Part

The UK’s military deterrence concepts are too timid.

The UK’s military deterrence concepts are too timid. They need to place greater emphasis on prevention and punitive consequences that go beyond private or public attribution. Otherwise, aggressors that are content with ‘implausible deniability’ can cause damage with minimal risk to themselves. The Government should work with NATO to ensure … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government partially agrees, stating deterrence concepts are under constant review and leveraging NATO. They acknowledge the importance of effective data sharing, which remains a firm requirement in existing programmes, but do not commit to designing new schemes with NATO for speedy data sharing.
Read full response →
Cabinet Office
23 Conclusion 1st Report - Subsea telecommunications … Accepted in Part

In a heightened threat scenario, we are uncertain about the Royal Navy’s ability to protect...

In a heightened threat scenario, we are uncertain about the Royal Navy’s ability to protect vulnerable cable regions and escort repair ships without undermining commitments to other NATO tasks. We admire the Minister for Armed Forces’ optimism that the problem can be solved with Atlantic Bastion’s future set of autonomous … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government partially agreed with the Committee's concerns, stating it is investing in new capabilities such as underwater drones, autonomous sensors, and new ships under the 'Atlantic Bastion' concept to augment the Royal Navy's ability to protect vulnerable cable regions. It also noted existing routine …
Read full response →
Cabinet Office
24 Recommendation 1st Report - Subsea telecommunications … Accepted in Part

The Ministry of Defence should work with international partners to ensure there are viable plans...

The Ministry of Defence should work with international partners to ensure there are viable plans to escort cable ships without degrading wider NATO taskings. This plan could usefully include heightened surveillance of suspicious vessel activity, rules of engagement enabling a low threshold for physical interdiction of civilian and autonomous vessels, … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government partially agrees, stating escorting ships is an important task and rules of engagement are routinely reviewed. They are investing in new capabilities like underwater drones and the ‘Atlantic Bastion’ concept. They also state the Royal Navy already conducts routine live escorting exercises, which …
Read full response →
Cabinet Office
25 Conclusion 1st Report - Subsea telecommunications … Accepted in Part

We commend the Government’s efforts to improve co-ordination, particularly the establishment of the Subsea Infrastructure...

We commend the Government’s efforts to improve co-ordination, particularly the establishment of the Subsea Infrastructure Response Group and Subsea Communications Cables Industry Group. We accept that changing governance structures for the sake of it is not helpful. Equally, however, there is evidence that improvements to oversight and co- ordination would … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government partially agreed, acknowledging the need for improved coordination but declining to expand the SIRG. Instead, it stated that it has established an Undersea Infrastructure Security (UIS) Oversight Board, chaired by the Cabinet Office, to provide a senior-level, cross-government function for strategic direction and …
Read full response →
Cabinet Office
26 Recommendation 1st Report - Subsea telecommunications … Accepted in Part

The Government should seek to provide a joined-up subsea cables function providing a centralised point...

The Government should seek to provide a joined-up subsea cables function providing a centralised point of contact for industry and international partners. This body should co-ordinate, not duplicate, cross-government work—bringing together departments and agencies covering subsea infrastructure operations, policy, security, resilience and contingency planning. In the first instance this could … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government partially agrees, accepting the importance of a centralised function but rejecting the upgrade of SIRG and a new inter-ministerial group. They state an Undersea Infrastructure Security Oversight Board has been established to provide a joined-up function and ministerial oversight is already provided by …
Read full response →
Cabinet Office

Oral evidence sessions

4 sessions
Date Witnesses
30 Jun 2025 Kevin Adams · Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, Luke Pollard MP · Ministry of Defence, Paul Wyatt · Ministry of Defence, Sir Chris Bryant MP · Department for Science, Innovation and Technology View ↗
9 Jun 2025 Alasdair Wilkie · Atlantic Cable Maintenance & Repair Agreement (ACMA), Alex Towers · BT Group, Chief Constable Gavin Stephens · National Police Chiefs' Council, Dr Fenella Wrigley MBE · London Ambulance Service, John Wrottesley · European Subsea Cables Association, Laura Catterick · UK Finance, Mick McGovern · Alcatel Submarine Networks View ↗
19 May 2025 Captain Niels Markussen · NATO, Commodore (Rtd) John Aitken OBE · Thales, Dr Marie Jacobsson · Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Professor Aurel Sari · University of Exeter View ↗
12 May 2025 Dr Sidharth Kaushal · Royal United Services Institute (RUSI), Elisabeth Braw · Atlantic Council, Matthew Bowden · Red Penguin Marine, Professor Kevin Rowlands · Kings College London View ↗

Who gave evidence

19 witnesses
WitnessOrganisationSessions
Alasdair Wilkie · Chairman Atlantic Cable Maintenance & Repair Agreement (ACMA) 1
Alex Towers · Director of Policy and Public Affairs BT Group 1
Captain Niels Markussen · Director, NATO Maritime Centre for Security of Cr… NATO 1
Chief Constable Gavin Stephens · Chair National Police Chiefs' Council 1
Commodore (Rtd) John Aitken OBE · Underwater System Services General Manager Thales 1
Dr Fenella Wrigley MBE · Chief Medical Officer and Deputy CEO London Ambulance Service 1
Dr Marie Jacobsson · Former Principal Legal Adviser on International L… Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs 1
Dr Sidharth Kaushal · Senior Research Fellow Royal United Services Institute (RUSI) 1
Elisabeth Braw · Senior Fellow at the Scowcroft Center Atlantic Council 1
John Wrottesley · Executive Director European Subsea Cables Association 1
Kevin Adams · Interim Director Digital Infrastructure Department for Science, Innovation and Technology 1
Laura Catterick · Director, Resilience & Cyber UK Finance 1
Luke Pollard MP · Minister for Defence Readiness and Industry Ministry of Defence 1
Matthew Bowden · Director & General Manager Red Penguin Marine 1
Mick McGovern · General Manager Marine Operations Alcatel Submarine Networks 1
Paul Wyatt · Director General, Policy Ministry of Defence 1
Professor Aurel Sari · Professor of Public International Law University of Exeter 1
Professor Kevin Rowlands · Visiting Professor Kings College London 1
Sir Chris Bryant MP · Minister of State for Data Protection and Telecoms Department for Science, Innovation and Technology 1

Correspondence

2 letters
DateDirectionTitle
8 Sep 2025 Correspondence from Sir Chris Bryant MP, Minister of State, Department for Scie…
14 Jul 2025 Correspondence from Sir Chris Bryant MP, Minister of State, Department for Scie…