Select Committee · Foreign Affairs Committee

The UK’s engagement in Central Asia

Status: Closed Opened: 9 Feb 2023 Closed: 26 Apr 2024 21 recommendations 7 conclusions 1 report

This inquiry will scrutinise the UK’s diplomatic activity and soft power influence in Central Asia. The inquiry will examine priorities and challenges for the Government as it seeks to deepen its engagement on security, energy, trade, environment and investment to pursue mutually beneficial objectives. Read the call for evidence for more details about the inquiry

Clear

Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
Tenth Report - Countries at crossroads: UK engagement in Ce… HC 1158 10 Nov 2023 28 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

9 items
2 Recommendation Tenth Report - Countries at crossroads:… Accepted

Develop tailored engagement approaches for Central Asian states respecting their independence and sovereignty

All five Central Asian states are rightly proud of their distinct cultural heritages and histories. Each has unique assets and strengths and fiercely defends its sovereignty. It is important that the UK Government both respects and encourages the independence of the Central Asian countries from their dominating neighbours. The Government … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees and states they have already tailored approaches and re-energised relationships with Central Asian states, committing to further deepen bilateral relationships in 2024.
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
4 Conclusion Tenth Report - Countries at crossroads:… Accepted

UK foreign policy in Central Asia must avoid single-issue dependence

We agree that Russia’s renewed illegal invasion of Ukraine and Moscow’s scramble to secure willing partners is a key concern of the UK and must influence foreign policy toward Central Asia. However, the UK’s engagement with Central Asian countries and the relationships invested in must not succumb, once again, to … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees that its relationships with Central Asian countries extend beyond a single issue and details specific multi-million pound development, peace and security, climate, and private sector growth programs, including a new £18m fund launching in 2024.
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
19 Conclusion Tenth Report - Countries at crossroads:… Accepted

Russian disinformation poses significant threat to Central Asian sovereignty and UK interests

Russian disinformation is a threat to both the UK and its Central Asian partners. The insidious messages spread by the Russian state have a powerful impact on how the older generation views the renewed illegal invasion of Ukraine and the nature of UK engagement in their countries. It also poses … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees, detailing existing FCDO initiatives like the Eastern Europe and Central Asia Directorate’s Resilience Programme and the Information Threats and Influence Directorate, and states they are actively working to extend these programmes to Central Asia to counter Russian disinformation.
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
22 Recommendation Tenth Report - Countries at crossroads:… Accepted

Produce a clear strategy for trade and investment in Central Asia, involving civil society

There are opportunities for increased trade and investment for UK companies in Central Asian states. Policies on investment should be clearer and calibrated to its efforts to curb corruption in-country and in the City of London, its ministerial engagement programme, its ethical principles and work to ensure the resilience of … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees, outlining their current trade and investment approach for Central Asia which blends foreign policy and trade targets, focusing on strategic sectors like Education, Critical Minerals, Infrastructure and Capital Markets. They provide examples of ongoing collaboration and support for UK businesses across the …
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
23 Recommendation Tenth Report - Countries at crossroads:… Accepted

Offer capacity building and legislative assistance to Central Asian states to improve investment environment

The investment environment in Central Asian states is still far from attractive to many would-be investors. There is much more the UK Government could do to improve the situation. We recommend that capacity building for civil servants and practical assistance in policy and legislation formulation be a central offer made … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government partially agrees, explaining that its existing Effective Governance for Economic Development (EGED) programme and targeted non-ODA support from DBT already help improve the business environment and assist with regulation and process in Central Asian states. They commit to continuing this work to promote …
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
25 Conclusion Tenth Report - Countries at crossroads:… Accepted

Central Asian governments are forthright, enabling the UK to be a more assertive partner.

Governments in the respective Central Asian states are forthright diplomatic actors, fully aware of the importance and potential of their nations and the region in the geopolitical manoeuvrings of this decade. The UK is well positioned to be a reliable long-term partner and critical friend. It can afford to be … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government partially agrees, stating that the UK's ambition, resources, and senior ministerial engagement in Central Asia are increasing, along with their footprint. This enables them to openly discuss issues like human rights and sanctions circumvention in bilateral and multilateral forums.
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
26 Recommendation Tenth Report - Countries at crossroads:… Accepted

Establish a Central Asia engagement strategy with clear long-term goals and consistent principles.

It is important that UK engagement in Central Asia is responsive to what the citizens of the various states want and need. Change in any political sphere in Central Asia is unlikely to take place rapidly, and UK influence is more likely to be successful if it is based on … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the recommendation and is updating its high-level regional strategy for Central Asia to reflect current realities and address economic challenges impacting programme spend. They state previous investments have increased the UK's profile in the region.
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
27 Recommendation Tenth Report - Countries at crossroads:… Accepted

Robustly enforce adherence to mutually agreed commitments with Central Asian governments.

The UK Government needs to be clear-eyed and discerning in its engagement with Central Asian governments, all of which fully understand that there is international competition for their cooperation. There are likely to be many issues which the UK will not be able to cooperate on given the nature of … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government partially agrees, asserting that human rights and governance are vital to their work in Central Asia and detailing existing efforts. They highlight their current engagement, support for civil society, and programmatic work to strengthen rights and freedoms without specifying new measures for 'robust …
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
28 Recommendation Tenth Report - Countries at crossroads:… Accepted

Embed clear human rights objectives consistently across all UK engagement programmes.

Progress on human rights will depend on creative approaches to dialogue that respect the sovereignty and heritage of these countries yet empower them to meet their obligations to internationally-agreed rights. The UK Government should ensure that clear objectives relating to human rights are consistently embedded across its programme of engagement. … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government partially agrees, stating that human rights and governance are already vital elements of the UK's work in Central Asia. They describe ongoing efforts through embassies, NGOs, multilateral organizations, and programmes like EGED, indicating current practices address the recommendation.
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office

Oral evidence sessions

3 sessions
Date Witnesses
5 Sep 2023 Charles Garrett, Chris Allan · Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office, Erlan Dosymbekov · Ernst and Young (EY) in Kazakhstan and Central Asia, Leo Docherty · Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office View ↗
27 Jun 2023 Erica Marat · National Defense University, Khalida Azhigulova, Luca Anceschi · School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Maisy Weicherding · Amnesty International, Noah Tucker · The Oxus Society for Central Asian Affairs View ↗
9 May 2023 Annette Bohr · Chatham House, Dr Aijan Sharshenova · Foreign Policy Centre, Oliver Bullough, Peter Frankopan · Worcester College, Oxford University, Professor John Heathershaw · University of Exeter, Professor Kristian Lasslett · University of Ulster View ↗

Who gave evidence

15 witnesses
WitnessOrganisationSessions
Annette Bohr · Associate Fellow, Russia and Eurasia Programme Chatham House 1
Charles Garrett 1
Chris Allan · Director for Eastern Europe and Central Asia Divi… Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office 1
Dr Aijan Sharshenova · Research Fellow Foreign Policy Centre 1
Erica Marat · Professor, College of International Security Affa… National Defense University 1
Erlan Dosymbekov · Managing Partner Ernst and Young (EY) in Kazakhstan and Central Asia 1
Khalida Azhigulova 1
Leo Docherty · Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State (Europe) Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office 1
Luca Anceschi · Professor of Eurasian Studies (Central & East Eur… School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow 1
Maisy Weicherding · Researcher Amnesty International 1
Noah Tucker · Senior Researcher The Oxus Society for Central Asian Affairs 1
Oliver Bullough 1
Peter Frankopan · Professor of Global History Worcester College, Oxford University 1
Professor John Heathershaw · Professor of International Relations University of Exeter 1
Professor Kristian Lasslett · Head of the School of Applied Social and Policy S… University of Ulster 1

Correspondence

1 letter
DateDirectionTitle
18 Oct 2023 Correspondence with the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State (Europe) followi…