Source · Prevention of Future Deaths

Darren Cumberbatch

Ref: 2019-0289 Date: 16 Jul 2019 Coroner: Delroy Henry Area: Warwickshire Responses identified: 1 / 1 View PDF

Probation hostel staff lacked crucial training and awareness regarding Acute Behavioural Disturbance (ABD), a medical emergency, leading to missed opportunities for early recognition, de-escalation, and appropriate management.

Date 16 Jul 2019
56-day deadline 13 Dec 2019 est.
Responses identified 1 of 1
Other related deaths

Coroner's concerns

AI summary
Probation hostel staff lacked crucial training and awareness regarding Acute Behavioural Disturbance (ABD), a medical emergency, leading to missed opportunities for early recognition, de-escalation, and appropriate management.
View full coroner's concerns
During the course of the inquest, the evidence and information revealed matters giving rise  to concern. In my opinion, there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken.  3. i. Acute  Behavioural  Disturbance  in  simple  terms  is  when  a  person  exhibits  violent  behaviour in a bizarre and manic way rather than being simply violent. ABD is an  ‘Umbrella’ term that covers a variety of conditions that can give similar signs and 

symptoms which can prove fatal. ABD can be caused by substance misuse such as  drink or drugs or psychiatric illness. 
ii. Signs/ symptoms included: Bizarre and/or aggressive behaviour; impaired thinking  and incoherent speech; hot to the touch and/or removal of clothing; disorientation  and hallucinations; acute onset of paranoia; rapid breathing (which can be irregular);  unexpected  physical  strength;  significantly  diminished  sense  of  pain;  sudden  tranquillity after frenzied activity. This is not an exhaustive list. 
iii. Before the police were called to attend, Mr Cumberbatch presented with many signs  / symptoms suggestive of him suffering with Acute Behavioural Disturbance (ABD)  [bizarre  behaviour;  impaired  thinking;  frustrated,  confused,  frantic  and  running  around]. 
iv. ABD can be triggered from substance misuse or a mental health issue. It was likely  cocaine  was  the  trigger  factor  for  Mr  Cumberbatch.  The  probation  hostel  staff  observed Mr Cumberbatch develop these acute signs / symptoms and the staff did  have knowledge of Mr Cumberbatch’s history of substance misuse.  
v. National Probation service staff receive mandatory training which includes an aspect  of  substance  misuse.  The  probation  hostel  staff  had  no  awareness  or  training  in  relation to Acute Behavioural Disturbance.  
vi. ABD is a potential medical emergency.  
vii. Information sharing of an individual possibly suffering from ABD is very significant  and those with a basic knowledge of it can be implemental in formulating a plan to  manage a person suspected to be suffering with ABD which include the use of de‐ escalation techniques so as to minimalise the use of restraint.  
viii. The police have basic training to recognise the signs / symptoms which can dictate  as to how an individual is managed, in particular with regards to restraint (detain/  contain rather than restrain).  
ix. West  Midlands  Ambulance  call  assessors  receive  information  to  determine  the  appropriate level of care at the point of a telephone call to the ambulance service. A  patient suspected to be suffering with “ABD” is automatically a ‘category 2’ situation 
i.e.  a  potentially  serious  condition  that  may  require  rapid  assessment  with  a  response target time frame of 18 minutes. 

x. Basic training for probation hostel staff (e.g. similar to simple basic training materials  that are provided to the police by the college of policing to increase awareness of  ABD) is possible and this may prevent future deaths. Such awareness combined with  opportunities to engage with an individual and a familiarisation with residents may  better aid in the de‐escalation of a person suspected to be suffering with ABD and  thereby potentially minimalizing the necessity to resort to any restraint (which can  be very dangerous to a person suffering since restraint and struggle against restraint  increases the acidosis in the body which can lead to muscle breakdown which can  lead to rhabdomyolysis and multi organ failure). It may best facilitate the individual  engaging willingly seeking the necessary medical attention.

Responses

1 respondent
HM Prison Probation Service Central Government
6 Sep 2019 PDF
Action Planned

The National Probation Service plans to assess and develop a training package regarding acute behavioural disturbance (ABD) for approved premises staff, with rollout expected to start in early 2020. (AI summary)

View full response
Dear Mr Henry / Annwyl Mr. Henry

Inquest into the death of Mr Darren Keith Cumberbatch

Thank you for your Regulation 28 Report, issued following the Inquest into the death of Mr Darren Keith Cumberbatch, addressed to the Chief Executive Officer of Her Majesty’s Prison & Probation Service (HMPPS). I am replying as the Director General Probation, part of HMPPS.

I know that you will share a copy of this response with the family and I would first like to express my sincere condolences for their loss. Every death in such circumstances is a tragedy and the implementation of learning from this is my absolute priority.

You have raised areas of concern relating to a condition known as acute behavioural disturbance (ABD), its presentation and that it can potentially lead to a medical emergency. You identified that, unlike the police, probation hostel (approved premises) staff had no awareness or training in relation to (ABD) and consider that such basic training for probation hostel (approved premises) staff would increase awareness of ABD and may prevent future deaths.

In response to your recommendation I confirm that the National Probation Service now has plans in place to assess the most appropriate training package to meet this training requirement and to develop an implementation plan across the whole approved premises estate with the intention to start the roll out of ABD awareness training early in 2020.

Thank you for bringing this matter of concern to my attention. Please be assured that learning from the circumstances of this tragic death will also be shared more widely with colleagues across the NPS Divisions.

Report sections

Investigation and inquest
On 20th July 2017, I commenced an investigation into the death of Mr Darren Keith  Cumberbatch (aged 32 years). The investigation concluded at the end the inquest on 25th  June 2019 at Warwickshire Coroners Court. The conclusion of the death of Mr Cumberbatch  Cumberbatch was that death was “drug related” with a narrative appended, a copy of which  I attach to this report.
Circumstances of the death
Mr  Darren  Cumberbatch  in  July  2017  was  living  at  McIntyre  House,  Nuneaton.  This  is  a  hostel run by the probation service. On 10th July 2017 Mr Cumberbatch was behaving oddly.  He was running around the hostel and shouting. Such was the concern by the probation staff  for Mr Cumberbatch as a risk to himself or others, the decision was made to call the police at  00.23. Two police officers arrived initially and saw Mr Cumberbatch’s agitated behaviour.  The concern it seems was that he ‘may’ have taken drugs, perhaps suffering from a mental  health issue and/ or Acute Behavioural Disturbance. This led more officers being called as a  contingency.  Mr Cumberbatch got into a toilet area and police officers engaged him verbally to calm his  state of agitation. Whilst inside the toilet cubicle Mr Cumberbatch then got hold of a metal  ‘grab’ rail. 

Police officers became physical engaged with Mr Cumberbatch and amidst a struggle with  Mr Cumberbatch in which officers used physical force, Tasers were deployed, incapacitant  spray (PAVA) discharged and baton used aside from strikes with hand and foot.   Mr Cumberbatch was then restrained by police officers and was the taken out of McIntyre  House and placed into a  police van just outside.  Mr Cumberbatch was  then  taken in  the  police van to George Elliot Hospital which is a few minutes away. An ambulance arrived in  the interim.  At George Elliot Hospital car park Mr Cumberbatch was still behaving in an agitated state. He  was  taken  inside  the  Accident  and  Emergency  Department  still  in  a  state  of  agitation  so  clinicians  could  try  to  obtain  observations.  It  was  thought  he  had  taken  “something”,  observations indicated he was very sick, Mr Cumberbatch when asked telling those treating  him that he had taken drugs, in particular cocaine. A high temperature and high heart rate  meant his condition was serious, highlighted by his blood results a working diagnosis being a  ‘drug overdose’ and that prolonged aggression and attempts to resist restraint could have  contributed to the clinical condition.  Mr Cumberbatch did calm down and immediate condition improved however the levels of  protein in his blood was very high. He was then transferred to the Intensive Treatment Unit  (ITU) on 11th July 2017 as Mr Cumberbatch’s kidney functions and urine output were not  improving. Mr Cumberbatch’s condition over the next few days steadily got worse despite  multi organ support and continued reviews as to his treatment. By 17th July Mr Cumberbatch  was rapidly deteriorating, he was suffering from multi‐organ failure and died on the 19th July
Copies sent to
I have sent a copy of my report to the following1. HHJ Mark Lucraft QC the Chief Coroner of England & Wales Chief Coroner's Office, 11th  Floor  Thomas  More,  Royal  Courts  of  Justice,  Strand,  London,  WC2A  2LL.  chiefcoronersoffice@judiciary.gsi.gov.uk3. Warwickshire Police4. George Eliot Hospital7. DATED ‐ 16th July 2019SIGNED BY Assistant CORONER ‐    D Henry

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Report details

Reference
2019-0289
Date of report
16 July 2019
Coroner
Delroy Henry
Coroner area
Warwickshire

Responses identified

Responses identified 1 of 1
All listed responses identified

Organisations named in PFD reports are normally expected to respond within 56 days. Deadline: 13 Dec 2019 (estimated).

Sent to

HM Prison and Probation Service

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