Select Committee · Public Accounts Committee

The UK’s F-35 stealth fighter capability

Status: Open Opened: 10 Jul 2025 7 recommendations 23 conclusions 1 report

The F-35 is a fifth-generation stealth fighter aircraft, which is able to enter contested environments undetected. As part of a US-led programme, the Ministry of Defence (MoD) purchased and is using the F-35b variant, which can operate from land and aircraft carriers. The UK publicly committed to purchasing 138 F-35 aircraft from the global F-35 …

Clear

Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
51st Report - The UK’s F-35 stealth fighter capability HC 1232 31 Oct 2025 30 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

8 items
3 Conclusion 51st Report - The UK’s F-35 stealth fig… Rejected

Produce radical plan to recruit and retain highly skilled F-35 personnel, including accommodation and pay.

The F-35 programme faces an unacceptable shortage of several types of personnel, including engineers, cyber specialists, pilots and qualified flying instructors. The Department acknowledges that there are significant shortages of engineers in the F-35 programme, and that this is an impediment to operating the aircraft more often. This shortage reflects …

Government response. The government rejected the recommendation for a specific F-35 workforce plan, stating it will address recruitment and retention challenges through the ongoing RAF People Campaign and by continuing existing initiatives like financial incentives and recruitment policy adjustments.
HM Treasury
6 Conclusion 51st Report - The UK’s F-35 stealth fig… Rejected

Update committee on whole-life costs and preparation time for F-35A Dual Capable Aircraft.

The Department has not set out its preferred mix of F-35As and Bs, nor forecast the costs of introducing the F-35As in their nuclear weapons role. The 48 aircraft that the Department has contracted for so far are all F-35Bs, which can be flown from land or aircraft carriers. In …

Government response. The government rejected the recommendation to provide an update on additional whole-life costs and timescales for operating Dual Capable Aircraft, stating that this information is classified Secret but offered a classified briefing to the Committee.
HM Treasury
15 Recommendation 51st Report - The UK’s F-35 stealth fig… Rejected

F-35 programme plagued by critical shortages of engineers, pilots, and flying instructors

The F-35 programme suffers from personnel shortages across a range of occupations. A 2024 review of the programme, by the National Infrastructure and Service Transformation Authority (NISTA, formerly the Infrastructure and Projects Authority), stated that shortages of suitably qualified engineers represented the biggest threat to delivering F-35 capability. These shortages …

Government response. The government disagrees with the recommendation to produce a plan specifically focused on the F-35 workforce, and will address the issue through the ongoing RAF People Campaign.
HM Treasury
16 Conclusion 51st Report - The UK’s F-35 stealth fig… Rejected

Resolving F-35 engineering personnel shortages will take three to four years

The Department acknowledged that the shortages across all these roles were very important, with the Chief of the Defence Staff stating that personnel had been one of his top two priorities in his previous role as Chief of the Air Staff. The Department told us that the training time required …

Government response. The government disagrees with the recommendation to produce a plan specifically focused on the F-35 workforce, and will address the issue through the ongoing RAF People Campaign.
HM Treasury
17 Conclusion 51st Report - The UK’s F-35 stealth fig… Rejected

Department plans to fix F-35 personnel recruitment and retention, but full recovery takes time

The Department told us that it has plans in place to fix its recruitment and retention problems. The Department also told us that it has increased its recruitment of engineers significantly in the last two years. It has offered joining bonuses for certain professions and has increased the capacity of …

Government response. The government disagrees with the recommendation to produce a plan specifically focused on the F-35 workforce, and will instead address recruitment and retention challenges through the ongoing RAF People Campaign. They also outlined a range of measures already introduced to …
HM Treasury
28 Conclusion 51st Report - The UK’s F-35 stealth fig… Rejected

Future mix of F-35 variants for procurement remains undecided beyond next phase

The Department is deciding what mix of the two F-35 variants to buy in its procurement process. In Phase 1 the UK has contracted for 48 F-35Bs, which can fly from land bases and aircraft carriers. In June 2025 the Department announced its intention to buy 12 F35As, which cannot …

Government response. The government disagrees with the Committee’s recommendation. Costs and timescales associated with the UK's Dual Capable Aircraft nuclear mission are classified Secret.
HM Treasury
29 Conclusion 51st Report - The UK’s F-35 stealth fig… Rejected

Department details strategic rationale for F-35A variant purchases

The Department told us why it had decided to purchase some A variants. The A variant can fly further for longer than the B variant, because it does not have the weight limitations that come with the ability of the B variant to do short take-off and landing on aircraft …

Government response. The government disagrees with the Committee’s recommendation. Costs and timescales associated with the UK's Dual Capable Aircraft nuclear mission are classified Secret.
HM Treasury
30 Conclusion 51st Report - The UK’s F-35 stealth fig… Rejected

NATO nuclear mission certification expected to be more costly

The Department explained that it is starting to understand the practical requirements of becoming certified for the NATO nuclear mission. The Department needs to meet standards for handling, loading and using nuclear weapons. These standards are set by the United States since it provides the weapons, and the Department is …

Government response. The government disagrees with the Committee’s recommendation, but offers a briefing at Secret level following the Defence Investment Plan publication.
HM Treasury

Oral evidence sessions

1 session
Date Witnesses
8 Sep 2025 Air Chief Marshal Sir Richard Knighton KCB · Ministry of Defence, Air Commodore Nick Lowe · Ministry of Defence, David Williams · Daily Mail, Dominic Wilson · Ministry of Defence View ↗

Correspondence

4 letters
DateDirectionTitle
14 May 2026 To cttee Letter from the Permanent Secretary at the Ministry of Defence relating to The …
20 Apr 2026 To cttee Letter from the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Defence to the Chair of …
26 Mar 2026 From cttee Letter to the Permanent Secretary at the Ministry of Defence relating to Treasu…
16 Oct 2025 To cttee Letter from the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Defence relating to the …