Select Committee · Public Accounts Committee

Tax evasion in the retail sector

Status: Closed Opened: 31 Oct 2024 Closed: 3 Apr 2025 10 recommendations 17 conclusions 1 report

HMRC estimates that £5.5bn of tax was lost due to evasion in 2022-23. This is equivalent to 0.7% of total theoretical tax liabilities, and is most prevalent among small businesses. Of these estimated evasion losses, 81% come from small businesses including companies, partnerships and sole traders. This has risen from 66% of losses in 2019-20. …

Clear

Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
9th Report - Tax evasion in the retail sector HC 355 12 Feb 2025 27 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

9 items
10 Conclusion 9th Report - Tax evasion in the retail … Acknowledged

HMRC lacks a specific strategy solely focused on tackling tax evasion.

HMRC does not have a specific strategy for addressing tax evasion.23 In 2019 HMRC set its latest strategy to tackle tax non–compliance, which is built of three strands: promoting compliance through education and support; preventing non–compliance by improving policies and systems; and responding when non–compliance occurs.24 HMRC’s overall compliance strategy …

Government response. The government agrees with the committee's recommendation and states that HMRC is looking into a specific strategy for evasion as it might consider a specific strategy for a behaviour if that behaviour requires a particular type of response.
HM Treasury
11 Conclusion 9th Report - Tax evasion in the retail … Acknowledged

HMRC considering developing a specific strategy for tax evasion, but none currently exists.

HMRC told us it has some separate and specific strategic approaches to particular types of non–compliance, such as serious fraud and illicit tobacco, but not for tax evasion.26 It told us that evasion is just one element of the tax gap and it wants to tackle all elements of it, …

Government response. The government agrees with the committee's recommendation and states that HMRC is looking into a specific strategy for evasion as it might consider a specific strategy for a behaviour if that behaviour requires a particular type of response.
HM Treasury
12 Conclusion 9th Report - Tax evasion in the retail … Acknowledged

Government investment enables HMRC to reduce the overall tax gap, including evasion.

Previously HMRC had an overall aim to stop the tax gap increasing.29 HMRC told us that it now wants to reduce the tax gap.30 At Autumn Budget 2024, the government increased HMRC’s settlement for 2025–26 by 4.5% in real terms and announced it was investing £1.4 billion over five years …

Government response. The government agrees with the committee's recommendation and states that HMRC wants to reduce the tax gap and highlights investments to increase compliance staff.
HM Treasury
13 Recommendation 9th Report - Tax evasion in the retail … Acknowledged

HMRC lacks specific objectives or targets for tackling tax evasion rates.

HMRC does not have a specific focus on, or explicit objective for, its performance in tackling tax evasion.33 HMRC explained that it is driven by an overall compliance yield target which is designed to close the overall tax gap, but did not tell us whether it has a specific target …

Government response. HMRC will increase its budget by £762 million for 2025-26 to boost compliance and customer service capacity, including investing in IT systems, data and tax practitioners.
HM Treasury
15 Recommendation 9th Report - Tax evasion in the retail … Acknowledged

HMRC, Companies House, and Insolvency Service commit to increasing collaboration to tackle phoenixism.

At Autumn Budget 2024, the government announced that it was increasing collaboration between HMRC, Companies House and the Insolvency Service to tackle phoenixism.40 The Insolvency Service told us that, since the publication of the National Audit Office’s report, it had started an action group alongside Companies House and HMRC to …

Government response. HMRC will develop a concrete plan to increase collaboration between HMRC, Companies House and the Insolvency Service to tackle phoenixism and will write to the Committee within 6 months to set out its plan.
HM Treasury
16 Recommendation 9th Report - Tax evasion in the retail … Acknowledged

HMRC and Companies House system integration for joint registration faces significant long-term challenges.

HMRC and Companies House have explored opportunities from Companies House’s new powers, including a single streamlined system for registering and filing company, Corporation Tax and VAT documentation which would provide more assurance over the addresses of registered businesses. HMRC and Companies House estimated in early 2024 that closer integration of …

Government response. HMRC will write to the Committee in 6 months to update them on plans and progress regarding closer cooperation on company registrations and de-registrations, accounting and filing, as well as sharing risk intelligence and data.
HM Treasury
17 Conclusion 9th Report - Tax evasion in the retail … Acknowledged

Limited historic Companies House powers enabled widespread fraudulent abuse of the UK company register.

Until April 2024, Companies House had limited powers to check the validity of information provided to it by registered companies. It also had limited enforcement and intelligence–gathering powers, and limited scope to share data with other public bodies. The lack of checks meant it was easy for fraudsters to set …

Government response. The government accepts the case for exploring options to improve the authenticity and integrity of company address information on the register and DBT and Companies House will report to the Committee on progress in November 2025.
HM Treasury
19 Conclusion 9th Report - Tax evasion in the retail … Acknowledged

Full ECCTA operationalisation, particularly mandatory director identity verification, requires further system development and legislation.

Some measures introduced under ECCTA will not be fully operational until Companies House develops the necessary systems and capability, or until further secondary legislation is in place. This includes verifying directors’ identities.53 Companies House told us identity verification will be introduced on a voluntary basis from spring 2025 and become …

Government response. The government accepts the case for exploring options to improve the authenticity and integrity of company address information on the register and DBT and Companies House will report to the Committee on progress in November 2025.
HM Treasury
20 Conclusion 9th Report - Tax evasion in the retail … Acknowledged

Companies House lacks legal powers for business address verification, hindering fraud tackling.

The identity checks that Companies House is now responsible for are not intended to verify the address or place of business.57 Companies House told us that address verification, which it says would be an additional burden on businesses, is not part of ECCTA. It said there was a balance between …

Government response. The government accepts the case for exploring options to improve the authenticity and integrity of company address information on the register and DBT and Companies House will report to the Committee on progress in November 2025.
HM Treasury

Oral evidence sessions

1 session
Date Witnesses
16 Dec 2024 Dean Beale · The Insolvency Service, Louise Smyth · Companies House, Penny Ciniewicz · HMRC, Sir Jim Harra · HMRC View ↗

Correspondence

4 letters
DateDirectionTitle
27 Jan 2025 To cttee Letter from the Chief Executive and First Permanent Secretary of HM Revenue and…
17 Dec 2024 From cttee Letter to the First Permanent Secretary and Chief Executive of HM Revenue and C…
17 Dec 2024 To cttee Letter from the Registrar of Companies at Companies House relating to the brief…
16 Dec 2024 From cttee Letter to the Chief Executive and Registrar of Companies at Companies House rel…