Select Committee · Science, Innovation and Technology Committee

Social media, misinformation and harmful algorithms

Status: Open Opened: 20 Nov 2024 14 recommendations 23 conclusions 1 report

Between 30 July and 7 August 2024, a wave of anti-immigration demonstrations and riots took place across the UK. Some targeted mosques and hotels housing asylum seekers, driven in part by false claims that spread on social media platforms relating to the killing of three children in Southport. Ofcom, the regulator, has said that illegal …

Clear

Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
2nd Report – Social media, misinformation and harmful algor… HC 441 11 Jul 2025 37 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

10 items
2 Conclusion 2nd Report – Social media, misinformati… Accepted

Social media business models amplify harmful content, endangering public safety during unrest

We launched this inquiry in the wake of the riots that followed the horrific attack in Southport in 2024. We received overwhelming evidence that online activity, including social media recommendation algorithms amplifying harmful and misleading content, played a key part in driving the unrest and violence. Social media companies’ responses …

Government response. The government agrees with the committee's findings, acknowledging that it is appropriate for providers to receive clear guidance on how to respond to crises that could lead to the rapid spread of illegal content online.
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology
5 Conclusion 2nd Report – Social media, misinformati… Accepted

Regulate online technologies based on defined principles to protect and empower citizens

Social media and other online platforms have huge power and reach into our lives, with positive and negative impacts. They can democratise knowledge and access to the public sphere, and help to build social connections and global communities. Generative AI provides further opportunities in terms of productivity, creativity and content …

Government response. The government acknowledges the challenges and the need for regulation, stating it is already addressing the issues through the regulatory provisions of the Online Safety Act 2023 and ongoing efforts to enhance media literacy.
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology
7 Conclusion 2nd Report – Social media, misinformati… Accepted

Social media technology is insufficiently transparent and accessible to public authorities

The technology used by social media companies should be transparent, explainable and accessible to public authorities, as stated in our Principle

Government response. The government states that the Online Safety Act (OSA) will deliver greater transparency and accountability through Ofcom's duties, mandatory annual transparency reports, and user empowerment features, thereby addressing the committee's principle.
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology
11 Recommendation 2nd Report – Social media, misinformati… Accepted

Compel social media platforms to embed tools for deprioritising fact-checked misleading content.

Following our Principles 2 and 3, the government should compel social media platforms to embed tools within their systems that identify and algorithmically deprioritise fact-checked misleading content, or content that cites unreliable sources, where it has the potential to cause significant harm. It is vital that these measures do not …

Government response. The government acknowledges the issue and urges providers to counter misinformation, but does not commit to compelling platforms to embed new tools. It notes that the Online Safety Act (OSA) focuses on illegal or child-harming content and that most major …
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology
12 Conclusion 2nd Report – Social media, misinformati… Accepted

Mandate online services to give users a 'right to reset' recommendation data.

As per Principle 4, users should have more control over the content that is pushed to them online. Government should mandate all online services with a content recommendation algorithm to give the user a ‘right to reset’, which would delete all data stored by their recommendation algorithm, in the manner …

Government response. The government states that while there is no specific 'right to reset' legislation, existing powers and protections under the Online Safety Act (OSA) and UK GDPR, such as the right to erasure and user control features, collectively achieve the committee's …
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology
16 Conclusion 2nd Report – Social media, misinformati… Accepted

Online Safety Act scope insufficient for 'legal but harmful' content and misinformation.

The Online Safety Act will lead to some improvements, but is designed only to protect users from harm that is illegal or affects children. The decision not to include measures related to the algorithmic amplification of “legal but harmful” content, such as misinformation, means that full enforcement of the Act …

Government response. The government acknowledges the committee's concern but defends the Online Safety Act's proportionate approach, which focuses on illegal content and content harmful to children. It highlights that the OSA holds Category 1 services accountable for their terms of service, mentions …
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology
17 Conclusion 2nd Report – Social media, misinformati… Accepted

Online Safety Act measures are insufficient to address algorithmic misinformation spread effectively.

It is vital that platforms are held responsible for the algorithmic spread of misleading or deceptive content that can radicalise and harm users. The few measures in the Act that address misinformation fall short. The False Communications offence is vaguely worded and will be difficult to implement; the advisory committee …

Government response. The government acknowledges the importance of countering misinformation, but defends the Online Safety Act's proportionate approach which targets illegal content and content harmful to children. It emphasizes that Category 1 services are accountable for their terms of service, references its …
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology
19 Recommendation 2nd Report – Social media, misinformati… Accepted

Introduce duties for platforms to undertake risk assessments on harmful misinformation.

In line with Principle 5, transparency, the government should introduce duties for platforms to undertake risk assessments and reporting requirements on legal but harmful content, such as potentially harmful misinformation, with a focus on the role of recommendation algorithms in its spread. (Recommendation, Paragraph 48)

Government response. The government states the Online Safety Act (OSA) already introduces duties for platforms, compelling Ofcom to require transparency reports on safety-related issues, including information on the dissemination of content and how algorithms function. The OSA also empowers adult users regarding …
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology
27 Recommendation 2nd Report – Social media, misinformati… Accepted

Pass legislation requiring generative AI platforms to conduct risk assessments and implement user safeguards.

To protect citizens from the AI-exacerbated spread of misinformation and harm, the government should pass legislation that covers generative AI platforms, bringing them in line with other online services that pose a high risk of producing or spreading illegal or harmful content. Following the Principles identified by this report, this …

Government response. The government believes the Online Safety Act takes a proportionate approach by focusing on illegal or harmful content to children, requiring services to undertake risk assessments, and holding Category 1 services to account over the enforcement of their terms of …
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology
29 Recommendation 2nd Report – Social media, misinformati… Accepted

Mandate generative AI platforms to automatically label AI-generated media with metadata and watermarks.

To effectively tackle amplified misinformation as per Principle 1, the government should work with relevant experts and platforms to develop technology that automatically detects AI-generated media, meeting mis/ disinformation at its source. It should mandate all generative AI platforms, and platforms that employ generative AI technologies, to automatically label AI-generated …

Government response. The government responds by highlighting its past initiative, the Deepfake Detection Challenge, which brought together experts to develop solutions for detecting synthetic media. However, it does not commit to working with platforms to develop new detection technology or mandating automatic …
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology

Oral evidence sessions

1 session
Date Witnesses
25 Feb 2025 Ali Law · Sky, Chris Yiu · Meta, Wifredo Fernandez · X (formerly known as Twitter) View ↗

Correspondence

8 letters
DateDirectionTitle
2 May 2025 Correspondence from Chair to X, in relation to follow-ups from the 25 February …
2 May 2025 Correspondence from Chair to TikTok, in relation to follow-ups from the 25 Febr…
2 May 2025 Correspondence from Chair to Google, in relation to follow-ups from the 25 Febr…
2 May 2025 Correspondence from Chair to Meta, in relation to follow-ups from the 25 Februa…
29 Apr 2025 Correspondence from X, Follow-ups from 25 February oral evidence session, 10 Ap…
29 Apr 2025 Correspondence from TikTok, Follow-ups from 25 February oral evidence session, …
29 Apr 2025 Correspondence from Google, Follow-ups from 25 February oral evidence session, …
29 Apr 2025 Correspondence from Meta, Follow-ups from 25 February oral evidence session, 9 …