Select Committee · Home Affairs Committee

Investigation and prosecution of rape

Status: Closed Opened: 21 Apr 2021 Closed: 1 Feb 2024 23 recommendations 13 conclusions 1 report

As part of the Committee’s overarching work into violence against women and girls, the Committee wishes to explore the key question of why rape prosecutions are falling. Read the terms of reference for more detail about this work. The Committee is keen to understand from victims and survivors of rape and serious sexual assault what …

Clear

Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
Eighth Report - Investigation and prosecution of rape HC 193 12 Apr 2022 36 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

15 items
3 Conclusion Eighth Report - Investigation and prose… Deferred

Achieving 2016 rape prosecution levels insufficient, confidence in reaching target low

Whilst returning the volume of rape cases being dealt with to 2016 levels, as the Rape Review aims for, would be a step in the right direction, it should not be considered a success in and of itself, given that even in 2016, criminal justice outcomes for rape were viewed …

Government response. The government did not directly address the need for greater and faster progress in rape prosecutions, instead committing to improve the collection and publication of data on victims' protected characteristics and compliance with the Victims' Code through a new Victims …
Home Office
4 Conclusion Eighth Report - Investigation and prose… Deferred

Unclear how Government will hold partners accountable for increasing rape prosecution volumes

We are encouraged by the commitment to measuring progress through the performance scorecards and progress updates. However, it is unclear how the Government will hold operationally independent partners to account for their role in increasing the volume of rape prosecutions, even though the Government has said that, if outcomes don’t …

Government response. The government did not address how it will hold operationally independent partners accountable for increasing rape prosecutions, instead detailing its work on strengthening victim support services, including publishing a refreshed National Statement of Expectations and VAWG Commissioning Toolkit.
Home Office
5 Recommendation Eighth Report - Investigation and prose… Deferred

Mandate Government to specify operational partner accountability for increasing rape prosecution volumes

We recommend that if the progress updates demonstrate that the review is not having its intended impact, the Government react quickly and effectively, putting in place alternative actions. In its next progress update, the Government must set out exactly how operational partners will be held to account if there continues …

Government response. The government recognised potential benefits of a dedicated commissioner for victims of sexual violence and abuse and is considering this, with an update promised in due course, but did not address the committee's specific recommendations on reacting to lack of …
Home Office
6 Recommendation Eighth Report - Investigation and prose… Deferred

Mandate Home and Justice Secretaries to detail criminal justice data linking aims and methodology

As the Government’s data note on the performance scorecards makes clear, it is not possible to accurately track individual offences or defendants across the criminal justice system for the purposes of statistical reporting. We welcome the fact that work to link this data better is ongoing and a ‘high priority’. …

Government response. The government outlined funding and progress for Operation Soteria, aiming for a national operating model by June 2023, but did not address the committee's specific request for further details on data linking work, its aims, methodology, and timescales.
Home Office
7 Recommendation Eighth Report - Investigation and prose… Deferred

Mandate Home Office and MoJ to collect and publish ethnicity data for rape victims

It is important that the justice system captures data about victims that can give insight into whether their protected characteristics might affect their criminal justice journeys. We recommend that the Home Office and the Ministry of Justice work with the police and the Crown Prosecution Service to ensure as an …

Government response. The government discussed existing work and funding for initiatives addressing vulnerability, such as the d/Deaf Access to Policing Strategy and the Vulnerability Knowledge and Practice Programme, and committed to updating the Committee on this within 12 months, but did not …
Home Office
8 Recommendation Eighth Report - Investigation and prose… Deferred

Ensure long-term, sustainable commissioning and funding models for specialist rape victim support services

The provision of specialist support to victims and survivors of rape is vital, given the devastating impact of sexual violence and the difficulties complainants face during the investigation and prosecution process. The Government’s research into what rape victims need from support services is to be welcomed. This should take into …

Government response. The government agreed on the importance of specialism in policing rape and sexual offences, highlighting police recruitment, training initiatives, and Operation Soteria to develop a national operating model, but did not address the recommendation on long-term funding and commissioning models …
Home Office
10 Recommendation Eighth Report - Investigation and prose… Deferred

Consider establishing or expanding a dedicated commissioner for sexual violence and abuse with adequate powers

We agree with HMICFRS and HMCPSI that the Government should consider the merits of either establishing a dedicated commissioner for sexual violence and abuse or expanding the existing responsibilities and powers of one of our existing commissioners. The relevant commissioner could then oversee the provision of specialist support services for …

Government response. The government outlined its commitment to improving mobile phone data analysis for rape investigations, including a £5 million rollout of technology and work on selective extraction, and completed a consultation on legal support for victims regarding personal information requests. It …
Home Office
14 Conclusion Eighth Report - Investigation and prose… Deferred

Government inaction on establishing effective specialist police rape teams is disappointing.

We are disappointed that, despite the difference that specialist police rape teams make, the Government has not done more to ensure such teams are in place.

Government response. The government detailed efforts to improve communication with victims, referencing the CPS and police's Joint National Action Plan, refreshed victim letters, and independent research on victim needs, but did not address the committee's disappointment regarding the lack of specialist police …
Home Office
15 Recommendation Eighth Report - Investigation and prose… Deferred

Encourage police forces to establish specialist rape teams and provide necessary support.

The Government must strongly encourage police forces without specialist police rape teams to put such teams in place. Since the policing of violence against women and girls is to be added to the Strategic Policing Requirement, putting specialist police rape teams in place would be a powerful way to demonstrate …

Government response. The government responded by detailing the Victims’ Right to Review scheme, explaining how it provides an opportunity for victims to have their cases reviewed, and outlined its commitment to publishing VRR data and using internal VRR analysis for learning and …
Home Office
16 Conclusion Eighth Report - Investigation and prose… Deferred

Home Office lacks data on RASSO-trained police officers, rendering uplift figures misleading.

It is very concerning that the Home Office does not have the numbers of police officers who are RASSO-trained. The emphasis on the uplift programme in the Rape Investigation and prosecution of rape 79 Review Progress Update is also potentially misleading, when the Government does not know how many of …

Government response. The government outlined the timeline and publication of the CPS' Pre-trial Therapy Fundamental Principles and updated pre-trial therapy guidance, following the Attorney General’s Office review of its Disclosure Guidelines, but did not address the committee's concerns about data on RASSO-trained …
Home Office
17 Recommendation Eighth Report - Investigation and prose… Deferred

Collect and publish data on specialist rape teams and RASSO-trained officers in all forces.

The Government must start collecting and publishing data on the number of police forces with specialist police rape teams in place, and the number of police officers with specialist rape and serious sexual offences (RASSO) training in each force (for example, the number trained on the Rape and Specialist Sexual …

Government response. The government stated that the Ministry of Justice has asked the Law Commission to conduct a review of the use of evidence in sexual offence cases, and that it will work with the Law Commission as their findings emerge, but …
Home Office
18 Conclusion Eighth Report - Investigation and prose… Deferred

Government ambition for rape victims' mobile phones lacks a comprehensive, costed implementation plan.

We welcome the Government’s ambition to ensure no victim of rape will be without a mobile phone for more than 24 hours by 2024, and the extra funding to support certain police forces to analyse digital evidence effectively. However, this commitment should be comprehensively backed by a costed plan to …

Government response. The government mentioned ongoing consultations by the Ministry of Justice and Home Office regarding legal support for victims and police requests for third-party material, but did not commit to a costed plan for police forces to implement the 24-hour mobile …
Home Office
21 Recommendation Eighth Report - Investigation and prose… Deferred

Widen pilot to include legal advice for victims on sexual history applications.

The Government should also consider widening any such pilot so that people would also be able to benefit from legal advice on sexual history applications.

Government response. The government referred to the CPS Rape Strategy Update and the refresh of the Joint National Action Plan (JNAP), focusing on broader CPS efforts and data, but did not address the recommendation to consider widening a pilot for legal advice …
Home Office
22 Recommendation Eighth Report - Investigation and prose… Deferred

Commit to offering independent legal advice to all rape victims, subject to pilot success.

If engagement with victims’ groups as promised by the Rape Review Progress Update demonstrate support and the need for independent legal advice, the Government must commit to offering legal advice to all victims of rape, subject to the success of the pilot. (Paragraph 127) The CPS response to rape

Government response. The government committed to the national rollout of section 28 (pre-recorded cross-examination) for sexual and modern slavery complainants, with implementation ongoing across Crown Courts, and is consulting on criminal legal aid fee scheme changes to reflect this work, but did …
Home Office
24 Conclusion Eighth Report - Investigation and prose… Deferred

CPS victim communication needs improvement, suggesting video link as general practice.

We have heard from victims and survivors that the CPS’s level and quality of communication could be more effective and sensitive. We welcome the fact that the CPS has designed new letters to engage better with victims at key moments. However, as part of the CPS’s work designing a new …

Government response. The government committed to working with the judiciary to reduce waiting times and prioritize vulnerable cases, and is launching pilots of enhanced specialist sexual violence support in specific Crown Courts to improve in-court support and tackle backlogs, but did not …
Home Office

Oral evidence sessions

6 sessions
Date Witnesses
15 Dec 2021 Jaee Samant · Home Office, Jerome Glass · Ministry of Justice, Rachel Maclean · Home Office View ↗
13 Dec 2021 Max Hill QC · Crown Prosecution Service View ↗
1 Dec 2021 Derek Sweeting QC · The Bar Council, Ellie Cumbo · The Law Society, Kirsty Brimelow QC · The Criminal Bar Association, Professor Penney Lewis · The Law Commission View ↗
20 Oct 2021 Baroness Stern CBE, David Tucker · College of Policing, Donna Jones, Rt Hon Lady Dorrian, Rt Hon Sir John Gillen, Sarah Crew View ↗
7 Jul 2021 Dr Olivia Smith · Loughborough University, Professor Betsy Stanko OBE · Project Bluestone, Professor Cheryl Thomas · UCL View ↗
23 Jun 2021 Amelia Handy · Rape Crisis England and Wales, Dame Vera Baird QC, Duncan Craig OBE · Survivors Manchester, Ellie Ball · Cambridge Rape Crisis Centre, Emily Hunt, Rosie Lewis · Imkaan View ↗

Correspondence

10 letters
DateDirectionTitle
7 Sep 2022 From cttee Letter to the Director of Public Prosecutions on the Victims’ Right to Review …
7 Sep 2022 To cttee Letter from Minister for Safeguarding on Government consultation on police requ…
7 Sep 2022 To cttee Letter from the Director of Public Prosecutions on the Victims’ Right to Revie…
7 Sep 2022 From cttee Letter to Minister for Safeguarding on Government consultation on police reque…
7 Sep 2022 To cttee Letter from the Home Secretary and the Deputy Prime Minister on the government…
7 Sep 2022 From cttee Letter to the Home Secretary and the Deputy Prime Minister on the government r…
22 Jun 2022 To cttee Letter from the Minister of State for Justice on improving the criminal justice…
18 May 2022 To cttee Letter from the Home Secretary on the investigation and prosecution of rape, da…
18 May 2022 From cttee Letter to the Home Secretary on the investigation and prosecution of rape, date…
9 Feb 2022 To cttee Letter from the Minister for Safeguarding following her appearance before the C…