Select Committee · Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee

Data Transparency and Accountability: Covid 19

Status: Closed Opened: 16 Sep 2020 Closed: 3 May 2021 19 recommendations 16 conclusions 1 report

The Covid 19 pandemic has highlighted how important data is to Government for decision making, and the significance of data transparency for the public and Parliament in holding Government to account. This inquiry was focused on decision making and transparency in response to Covid 19, using this as a case study to draw out recommendations … Show more

Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
Eighth Report - Government transparency and accountability … HC 803 15 Mar 2021 35 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

35 items
1 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency… Acknowledged

The Government has overseen a remarkable effort pulling together data on Covid 19 from a...

The Government has overseen a remarkable effort pulling together data on Covid 19 from a standing start 12 months ago. It has also made much of this data and analysis available to the public, primarily through the Covid 19 data dashboard. The Government has responded to requests for new data … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the committee's positive observations, reaffirming its commitment to accessible public health information and detailing existing efforts to make data and analysis available, enhance accessibility in communications, and apply best practice in data visualisation.
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2 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency… Acknowledged

The Government has made significant steps in the presentation of data throughout this pandemic, including...

The Government has made significant steps in the presentation of data throughout this pandemic, including through the Covid 19 dashboard. But it is still presenting some graphics which do not meet the basic standards that we would expect. The Committee welcomes UKSA and Royal Statistical Society intervention to support Departments … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states its commitment to transparency and its endeavour to publish all statistics and underlying data in line with the Code of Practice for Official Statistics.
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3 Recommendation Eighth Report - Government transparency… Not Addressed

Graphics used by Government, for example slide packs and briefings, should meet Government Statistical Service...

Graphics used by Government, for example slide packs and briefings, should meet Government Statistical Service good practice guidelines on data visualisation. They should always meet the accessibility regulations, which are now law.

Government response AI summary
The government states its commitment to transparency and will endeavor to publish all statistics and underlying data in line with the Code of Practice for Official Statistics, but does not specifically commit to ensuring graphics meet data visualisation good practice or accessibility regulations.
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4 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency… Rejected

Statistics quoted by Ministers have not always been underpinned by published data, which goes against...

Statistics quoted by Ministers have not always been underpinned by published data, which goes against the UKSA Code of Practice. Publishing the underlying data is key to transparency and building trust. When the underlying data is not published, numbers may be used to make politicised points and members of the … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees that statistics should build confidence, noting ministers are subject to the Code of Practice. However, it rejects changing the Ministerial Code, arguing it is sometimes in the public interest to use emerging information not yet underpinned by published data.
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5 Recommendation Eighth Report - Government transparency… Not Addressed

When Ministers or senior officials quote statistics, the underlying data must be published.

When Ministers or senior officials quote statistics, the underlying data must be published. This is already an Office for Statistics Regulation expectation, and OSR should continue to inform this Committee—as it has throughout this inquiry—when it finds examples of statistics that are quoted without published data to back them up. Read more

Government response AI summary
The government's response discusses the roles of COBR and SAGE, along with principles for scientific advice. It does not address the recommendation that ministers must publish underlying data when quoting statistics or that OSR should inform the Committee of non-compliance.
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6 Recommendation Eighth Report - Government transparency… Accepted

Going forward, Ministerial statements published on Government websites must include hyperlinks or footnotes directing to...

Going forward, Ministerial statements published on Government websites must include hyperlinks or footnotes directing to the detailed data underpinning any numbers or statistics quoted. This should apply to all areas where data is used, not just in relation to this pandemic. Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states it strives to adhere to the UKSA Code of Practice and already makes data underpinning press conferences and the COVID-19 roadmap publicly available on GOV.UK with source information.
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7 Recommendation Eighth Report - Government transparency… Not Addressed

The Ministerial Code needs to be strengthened so it is clear that Ministers are required...

The Ministerial Code needs to be strengthened so it is clear that Ministers are required to abide by the UKSA Code of Practice in their presentation of data. The UKSA Code includes the principle of trustworthiness that builds “confidence in the people and organisations that produce statistics and data”. Abiding … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government's response states a letter was sent to the Committee, but provides no details on how it addresses the recommendation to strengthen the Ministerial Code to ensure Ministers abide by the UKSA Code of Practice.
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8 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency… Not Addressed

When SAGE advisors speak publicly about the advice they have given to Government it has...

When SAGE advisors speak publicly about the advice they have given to Government it has the potential to create confusion and undermine trust. This report calls for greater transparency, including on uncertainties, but there also needs to be clarity about what has underpinned Government decisions. SAGE is made transparent through … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government refers to a future independent inquiry starting in spring 2022 to learn lessons from COVID-19 and highlights past scrutiny, but does not address the concerns about SAGE advisors speaking publicly or public understanding of SAGE's role.
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9 Recommendation Eighth Report - Government transparency… Not Addressed

We are certainly not calling for SAGE advisors to be silenced, but for some expectations...

We are certainly not calling for SAGE advisors to be silenced, but for some expectations to be laid about the appropriate way to communicate considering, amongst other things, the potential for the politicisation of their commentary. Civil Servants advising Government are expected to abide by a code of conduct, and … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government refers to a future independent inquiry starting in spring 2022 to learn lessons from COVID-19, and highlights past scrutiny, but does not address the specific call for a code of conduct or media guidance for SAGE advisors.
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10 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency… Deferred

Building trust between leaders and the public is essential to the response.

Building trust between leaders and the public is essential to the response. The evidence the Committee has received, including from behavioural scientists, shows that people respond to open and honest information that is clear about the uncertainties within it. Some data has been communicated with the apparent intention of creating … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states that a statutory public inquiry will be established in spring 2022 to look back at all aspects of COVID-19, including data transparency, and that lessons are continually being learned.
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11 Recommendation Eighth Report - Government transparency… Not Addressed

Government communication needs to focus on informing the public openly and honestly.

Government communication needs to focus on informing the public openly and honestly. As we move into the next stage of the pandemic, the roadmap back to lifting restrictions entirely, this becomes even more pertinent. Previous recommendations cover clarity on source information, and adherence to the UKSA Code of Practice. (Paragraph … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government's response states a letter was sent to the Committee, but provides no details on how it addresses the recommendation for transparent and honest government communication, particularly regarding the roadmap.
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12 Recommendation Eighth Report - Government transparency… Deferred

Throughout this inquiry, it has been unclear which Minister and Department should be held to...

Throughout this inquiry, it has been unclear which Minister and Department should be held to account for ensuring decisions are underpinned by data. Data is collected by multiple Departments and other bodies, and this Committee expects a clear point of accountability for decisions made based on data from these various … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees on the importance of cross-organisational working and data, citing strengthened data sharing, central dashboards, and a forthcoming NHSX Data Strategy. However, regarding a clear point of accountability for data-driven decisions, they state they will consider a broader review only after several other …
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13 Recommendation Eighth Report - Government transparency… Not Addressed

The Cabinet Office must clearly outline responsibilities for decision making, before the Coronavirus Act is...

The Cabinet Office must clearly outline responsibilities for decision making, before the Coronavirus Act is considered for renewal after 25th March 2021. This must include Government transparency and accountability during Covid 19: The data underpinning decisions 49 clear lines of accountability at Departmental and Ministerial level, stating which Minister is … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government's response is incomplete and then discusses the assessment of 'four tests' for moving through the roadmap, including the publication of data and modelling for Step 2. It does not address the recommendation for the Cabinet Office to clearly outline responsibilities and accountability for …
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14 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency… Not Addressed

The Committee was very disappointed that when the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster declined...

The Committee was very disappointed that when the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster declined to appear before the Committee on 4th February, Ministers sent in his place were poorly briefed and unable to answer the Committee’s questions. The ability of Select Committees to hold Ministers to account for decisions … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government's response details the roadmap, data publication, and press conferences, along with statistics on the public data dashboard. It completely fails to address the Committee's specific criticism regarding ministerial accountability and appearances.
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15 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency… Not Addressed

This is not the first time that the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster has...

This is not the first time that the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster has tried to avoid his accountability to this Committee. He has sought to ration his appearances by refusing invitations and setting short time-limits when he does appear. It is remarkable to note that the Prime Minister … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states that the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster provided a response to this recommendation in a letter to the Chair on 24 March 2021, but does not provide the content of that response here.
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16 Recommendation Eighth Report - Government transparency… Accepted

The Committee expects that the Rt Hon Michael Gove will respond to this report, clearly...

The Committee expects that the Rt Hon Michael Gove will respond to this report, clearly outlining his understanding of his own responsibilities, and the ways in which he should be held to account by Parliament. The Committee will put further questions to him at his next appearance in front of … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government stated that the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster responded to the Chair on 24 March 2021, setting out the government’s response to the recommendation.
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17 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency… Not Addressed

Written correspondence from the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster throughout the course of this...

Written correspondence from the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster throughout the course of this inquiry has not answered questions posed by this Committee.

Government response AI summary
The government highlights various publications and reviews, including the 'COVID-19 Response - Spring 2021' update, economic and social data in the roadmap, and released SAGE papers, as evidence of transparency, but does not address the committee's observation that the Chancellor has failed to answer questions.
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18 Recommendation Eighth Report - Government transparency… Not Addressed

The Government’s response to this report should state whether each recommendation is accepted or rejected...

The Government’s response to this report should state whether each recommendation is accepted or rejected and should state the next steps the Government will take or provide an explanation for those recommendations rejected. It is not sufficient for the Government to “note” a recommendation, as they have done in the … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government refers to a future independent inquiry starting in spring 2022 to learn lessons from COVID-19 and mentions past scrutiny, but does not address the recommendation on how it should structure its response to the committee's report.
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19 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency… Not Addressed

The message from the evidence received to this inquiry is frustratingly clear.

The message from the evidence received to this inquiry is frustratingly clear. The Government knew the response would need to be localised and there were local systems in place to manage infectious diseases already (including statutory duties on Public Health Officials) but, instead of allowing local systems to kick into … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government's response states a letter was sent to the Committee, but provides no details on its stance regarding the Committee's observation about centralised data handling and officials refusing to share data locally.
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20 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency… Not Addressed

Vital information which might have helped local leaders to respond quickly to outbreaks simply did...

Vital information which might have helped local leaders to respond quickly to outbreaks simply did not move quickly enough through the system. Central Government was initially unwilling to share granular data on the spread of the virus, systems were fragmented, and new testing systems were set up outside of the … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states that the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care wrote to the Committee on March 24, 2021, providing the government's response to this item.
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21 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency… Not Addressed

In May 2020, this Committee heard that local data would be key to the response,...

In May 2020, this Committee heard that local data would be key to the response, enabling local leaders to move quickly, stem small outbreaks and potentially 50 Government transparency and accountability during Covid 19: The data underpinning decisions stop a second wave in its tracks. It is impossible to know … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states that the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care provided a response to this recommendation in a letter to the Committee on 24 March 2021, but does not provide the content of that response here.
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22 Recommendation Eighth Report - Government transparency… Not Addressed

The Government must share all the available data with local areas in as much detail...

The Government must share all the available data with local areas in as much detail as possible, ideally to patient level. Data which will be key to decision making on the road map should be shared immediately, and ahead of the potential renewal of the Coronavirus Act. The Government should … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government's response states a letter was sent to the Committee, but provides no details on how it addresses the recommendation to share data with local areas or publish a comprehensive list of available data.
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23 Recommendation Eighth Report - Government transparency… Deferred

The Department of Health and Social Care, with support from UKSA, should undertake an urgent...

The Department of Health and Social Care, with support from UKSA, should undertake an urgent review of health data systems in England. The review should include consideration of the role of the Department of Health and Social Care in bringing together health data from across the different health bodies. The … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees on the importance of cross-organisational data sharing and highlights existing efforts, but defers a broader review of health data systems until after several future processes, including the Data Strategy, Goldacre review, and an OSR lesson learned exercise, are complete.
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24 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency… Accepted

It is deeply worrying that Ministers were unable to answer basic questions about the decision...

It is deeply worrying that Ministers were unable to answer basic questions about the decision to lift the first lockdown. Proper Parliamentary scrutiny leads to better decision-making and builds trust. While this report does not comment on whether the Government made the right decision, the Committee expects Ministers to be … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government committed to establishing a public inquiry on COVID-19 by spring 2022 and stated that the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster would appear before the committee to answer outstanding questions.
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25 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency… Deferred

It is clear to even a casual observer that the decision to lift the first...

It is clear to even a casual observer that the decision to lift the first lockdown (and all subsequent lockdowns) must have also taken into consideration a range of factors, including health, economic and educational outcomes. It is, therefore, our judgement that such decisions can only be made by the … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government confirms an independent public inquiry will be established on a statutory basis in spring 2022 to look back and learn lessons from all aspects of COVID-19. It also mentions ongoing learning, parliamentary scrutiny, and the Chancellor agreeing to appear before PACAC.
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26 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency… Deferred

Time has passed for Ministers to explain to this Committee why the first lockdown was...

Time has passed for Ministers to explain to this Committee why the first lockdown was lifted when it was. It is clear that Ministers are unable to answer that question, and we are sure that this will be picked up by a public inquiry of the kind this Committee recommended … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government confirms a statutory public inquiry will be established in spring 2022 to examine all aspects of COVID-19, including past decisions, and states it continues to learn lessons and apply them to its response.
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27 Recommendation Eighth Report - Government transparency… Not Addressed

This report is not considering the accuracy of decisions, but this Committee has serious concerns...

This report is not considering the accuracy of decisions, but this Committee has serious concerns about the lack of transparency and clarity in decision-making. The Cabinet Office must outline in its response to this report the range of data and information it will use to lift current and future lockdowns. Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states that the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster provided a response to this recommendation in a letter to the Chair on 24 March 2021, but does not provide the content of that response here.
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28 Recommendation Eighth Report - Government transparency… Accepted

The framework for lockdown and tiering decisions has changed repeatedly throughout this pandemic.

The framework for lockdown and tiering decisions has changed repeatedly throughout this pandemic. While the Committee does not object to the inclusion of new metrics (such as vaccines), changes in the framework to date have not always appeared to reflect new information. This has amounted to a moving of the … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government stated that the roadmap sets out four clear tests for progression, with associated data and modelling published on 5 April 2021, implying this framework addresses concerns about changing goalposts.
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29 Recommendation Eighth Report - Government transparency… Not Addressed

The priority now must be a clear and consistent framework for making lockdown decisions as...

The priority now must be a clear and consistent framework for making lockdown decisions as a path back to normality is charted. The Committee, therefore, welcomes the roadmap. The Government should not make further changes to it, in terms of setting new tests or boundaries. It is concerning that the … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government reiterates that the roadmap includes four tests, with an assessment of Variants of Concern at test 4, to determine the safety of moving to the next step.
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30 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency… Not Addressed

Lockdown decisions have been met with confusion because the data has been unclear.

Lockdown decisions have been met with confusion because the data has been unclear. Data was not initially available for local leaders to understand the tiering decisions and there were no adequate frameworks for escalation and de-escalation in place. While this data has improved, gaps remain. Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states that the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster provided a response to this recommendation in a letter to the Chair on 24 March 2021, but does not provide the content of that response here.
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31 Recommendation Eighth Report - Government transparency… Accepted

The new roadmap must be updated to point to where data can be found under...

The new roadmap must be updated to point to where data can be found under each indicator. The roadmap indicators should be added to the dashboard, with clear links through to the data at lower local authority level underpinning each one.

Government response AI summary
The government states it published data underpinning roadmap decisions and that the COVID-19 dashboard already provides clear links to data, including at lower local authority level.
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32 Recommendation Eighth Report - Government transparency… Not Addressed

The Government did not publish thresholds for tiering decisions which made it hard for local...

The Government did not publish thresholds for tiering decisions which made it hard for local authorities and businesses to plan. This must be changed for the future. The Committee does not believe including thresholds in the roadmap will cause perverse outcomes (as James Bowler suggested in his evidence). It is, … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government stated that the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster wrote to the Chair on 24 March 2021, setting out the government’s response, but the content regarding threshold publication is not provided.
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33 Recommendation Eighth Report - Government transparency… Not Addressed

The Government must publish thresholds aligned to the roadmap in ranges or using minimum requirements,...

The Government must publish thresholds aligned to the roadmap in ranges or using minimum requirements, and with appropriate caveats if needed. This should be done immediately with the information available before decisions are taken to take the first steps. Read more

Government response AI summary
The government stated that the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster wrote to the Chair on 24 March 2021, setting out the government’s response, but the content regarding immediate threshold publication is not provided.
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34 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency… Accepted

The hospitality and entertainment sectors have not seen sufficient data to underpin decisions relating to...

The hospitality and entertainment sectors have not seen sufficient data to underpin decisions relating to their industry. The evidence the Committee received was inconclusive over whether restrictions on hospitality and entertainment sectors were sensible and indeed it is not the purpose of this report to come to a judgement on … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states that the 'COVID-19 Response - Spring 2021' update and its data annex included detailed data and analysis, including economic and social impacts relevant to sectors, as part of the wide evidence base for easing lockdown.
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35 Recommendation Eighth Report - Government transparency… Accepted

The Government should publish the data that underpins the restrictions that will remain in place...

The Government should publish the data that underpins the restrictions that will remain in place on businesses at each step of roadmap as a matter of urgency. Hyperlinks to this data must be included on pages explaining the restrictions for maximum transparency. (Paragraph 192) Government transparency and accountability during Covid … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government stated that it has already published detailed data and analysis, including economic and social impacts and SAGE papers, in the ‘COVID-19 Response - Spring 2021’ update and its annex, which underpins the roadmap decisions.
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Oral evidence sessions

6 sessions
Date Witnesses
4 Feb 2021 Clara Swinson · Department for Health and Social Care, Helen Whately MP, James Bowler CB · HM Treasury, Rt Hon Penny Mordaunt MP · Cabinet Office View ↗
19 Jan 2021 Dr David Halpern, Dr Richard Fletcher · Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, Ed Conway, Professor Steve Reicher, Richard Earley View ↗
16 Dec 2020 Andrew Goodacre · The British Independent Retailers Association, Bill Sweeney, Emma McClarkin · British Beer and Pub Association, Julian Bird View ↗
24 Nov 2020 Dr Ben Worthy · Birkbeck, University of London, Prof Sir David John Spiegelhalter OBE FRS, Prof Sylvia Richardson CBE, Will Moy · Full Fact View ↗
5 Nov 2020 Cllr Hugh Evans OBE, Councillor Alison Evison, Councillor Georgia Gould, Councillor Ian Hudspeth, Jeanelle de Gruchy, Joanne Roney OBE · Solace, Phil Roberts, Steven Grimmond View ↗
22 Sep 2020 Ed Humpherson · UK Statistics Authority, Professor Sir Ian Diamond, National Statistician · Office for National Statistics View ↗

Who gave evidence

27 witnesses
WitnessOrganisationSessions
Andrew Goodacre · CEO The British Independent Retailers Association 1
Bill Sweeney 1
Clara Swinson · Director General Department for Health and Social Care 1
Cllr Hugh Evans OBE 1
Councillor Alison Evison 1
Councillor Georgia Gould 1
Councillor Ian Hudspeth 1
Dr Ben Worthy · Senior Lecturer, Department of Politics Birkbeck, University of London 1
Dr David Halpern 1
Dr Richard Fletcher Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism 1
Ed Conway 1
Ed Humpherson UK Statistics Authority 1
Emma McClarkin · Chief Executive British Beer and Pub Association 1
Helen Whately MP 1
James Bowler CB · Permanent Secretary HM Treasury 1
Jeanelle de Gruchy 1
Joanne Roney OBE Solace 1
Julian Bird 1
Phil Roberts 1
Prof Sir David John Spiegelhalter OBE FRS 1
Prof Sylvia Richardson CBE 1
Professor Sir Ian Diamond, National Statistician · National Statistician Office for National Statistics 1
Professor Steve Reicher 1
Richard Earley 1
Rt Hon Penny Mordaunt MP Cabinet Office 1
Steven Grimmond 1
Will Moy Full Fact 1

Correspondence

27 letters
DateDirectionTitle
6 Jul 2021 Correspondence with Rt Hon Michael Gove MP, Chancellor of the Dutchy of Lancast…
24 Mar 2021 To cttee Letter from Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster on the Committee's Eighth Repo…
24 Mar 2021 To cttee Letter from Rt Hon Matt Hancock MP, Secretary of State for Health and Social Ca…
19 Mar 2021 From cttee Letter to Rt Hon Michael Gove MP, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster requesti…
2 Mar 2021 To cttee Letter from Rt Hon Penny Mordaunt MP, Paymaster General on data transparency an…
2 Mar 2021 From cttee Letter to Chloe Smith MP, Minister of State for the Constitution and Devolution…
25 Feb 2021 From cttee Letter to Rt Hon Michael Gove MP, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and Mini…
23 Feb 2021 To cttee Letter from Helen Whately MP, Minister of State for Care on data transparency a…
9 Feb 2021 To cttee Letter from Sir David Norgrove, Chair of the UK Statistics Authority to Chair, …
9 Feb 2021 To cttee Letter from Professor Sir Ian Diamond, National Statistician to Chair, dated 9.…
5 Feb 2021 From cttee Letter to Rt Hon Michael Gove MP, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and Mini…
2 Feb 2021 To cttee Letter from Ed Humpherson, Director General for Regulation, UK Statistics Autho…
2 Feb 2021 To cttee Letter from James Bowler, Permanent Secretary, Covid Taskforce on Cabinet Offic…
2 Feb 2021 Letter Nadhim Zahawi MP, Minister for Covid Vaccine Deployment on Covid-19 vacc…
12 Jan 2021 From cttee Letter to the Rt Hon Michael Gove MP, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster on C…
12 Jan 2021 To cttee Letter from Steve Baker MP on the Government’s use of epidemiological modelling…
12 Jan 2021 To cttee Letter from Andrew Goodacre, CEO of the British Independent Retailers Associati…
16 Dec 2020 To cttee Letter from Professor Sylvia Richardson CBE, President-Elect of the Royal Stati…
15 Dec 2020 To cttee Letter from Steve Baker MP on methodological issues in epidemiological modellin…
10 Dec 2020 To cttee Letter from the Rt Hon Michael Gove MP, Chancellor of the Dutchy of Lancaster o…