Select Committee · Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee

Data Transparency and Accountability: Covid 19

Status: Closed Opened: 16 Sep 2020 Closed: 3 May 2021 4 recommendations 31 conclusions 1 report

The Covid 19 pandemic has highlighted how important data is to Government for decision making, and the significance of data transparency for the public and Parliament in holding Government to account. This inquiry was focused on decision making and transparency in response to Covid 19, using this as a case study to draw out recommendations …

Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
Eighth Report - Government transparency and accountability … HC 803 15 Mar 2021 35 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

35 items
1 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

The Government has overseen a remarkable effort pulling together data on Covid 19 from a...

The Government has overseen a remarkable effort pulling together data on Covid 19 from a standing start 12 months ago. It has also made much of this data and analysis available to the public, primarily through the Covid 19 data dashboard. The Government has responded to requests for new data …

Government response. The Government is committed to ensuring vital public health information is accessible to all communities across the UK. The Government has overseen a significant effort pulling together data on COVID-19, and has made much of this data and analysis available …
2 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

The Government has made significant steps in the presentation of data throughout this pandemic, including...

The Government has made significant steps in the presentation of data throughout this pandemic, including through the Covid 19 dashboard. But it is still presenting some graphics which do not meet the basic standards that we would expect. The Committee welcomes UKSA and Royal Statistical Society intervention to support Departments …

Government response. The Government is committed to transparency and will endeavour to publish all statistics and underlying data when referenced publicly, in line with the Code of Practice for Official Statistics. 2 Government’s response to the Committee’s Eighth Report of Session 2019–21
3 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

Graphics used by Government, for example slide packs and briefings, should meet Government Statistical Service...

Graphics used by Government, for example slide packs and briefings, should meet Government Statistical Service good practice guidelines on data visualisation. They should always meet the accessibility regulations, which are now law.

Government response. The Government is committed to transparency and will endeavour to publish all statistics and underlying data when referenced publicly, in line with the Code of Practice for Official Statistics. 2 Government’s response to the Committee’s Eighth Report of Session 2019–21
4 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

Statistics quoted by Ministers have not always been underpinned by published data, which goes against...

Statistics quoted by Ministers have not always been underpinned by published data, which goes against the UKSA Code of Practice. Publishing the underlying data is key to transparency and building trust. When the underlying data is not published, numbers may be used to make politicised points and members of the …

Government response. The Government agrees that statistics should be used in a way that builds confidence and upholds the three pillars of the Code of Practice - trustworthiness, quality and value. Ministers and their departments are subject to the Code of Practice …
5 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

When Ministers or senior officials quote statistics, the underlying data must be published.

When Ministers or senior officials quote statistics, the underlying data must be published. This is already an Office for Statistics Regulation expectation, and OSR should continue to inform this Committee—as it has throughout this inquiry—when it finds examples of statistics that are quoted without published data to back them up.

Government response. In certain emergency circumstances the Cabinet Office and the Lead Government Department in consultation with the Prime Minister’s office can activate the Cabinet Office Briefing Rooms (COBR) – for response, recovery or both. If required, scientific and technical advice will …
6 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

Going forward, Ministerial statements published on Government websites must include hyperlinks or footnotes directing to...

Going forward, Ministerial statements published on Government websites must include hyperlinks or footnotes directing to the detailed data underpinning any numbers or statistics quoted. This should apply to all areas where data is used, not just in relation to this pandemic.

Government response. The UKSA Code of Practice is a standard tool used in statistics and the Government strives to adhere to this. The Roadmap to lift restrictions - ‘COVID-19 Response - Spring 2021’ - set out in detail the analysis and data …
7 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

The Ministerial Code needs to be strengthened so it is clear that Ministers are required...

The Ministerial Code needs to be strengthened so it is clear that Ministers are required to abide by the UKSA Code of Practice in their presentation of data. The UKSA Code includes the principle of trustworthiness that builds “confidence in the people and organisations that produce statistics and data”. Abiding …

Government response. The Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster wrote to the Chair on 24 March 2021, setting out the Government’s response to this recommendation. 4 Government’s response to the Committee’s Eighth Report of Session 2019–21
8 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

When SAGE advisors speak publicly about the advice they have given to Government it has...

When SAGE advisors speak publicly about the advice they have given to Government it has the potential to create confusion and undermine trust. This report calls for greater transparency, including on uncertainties, but there also needs to be clarity about what has underpinned Government decisions. SAGE is made transparent through …

Government response. The Government has always been clear that there will be opportunities to look back, analyse, reflect and to learn lessons on all aspects of COVID-19 - and that this would include an independent inquiry at the appropriate time. On 12 …
9 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

We are certainly not calling for SAGE advisors to be silenced, but for some expectations...

We are certainly not calling for SAGE advisors to be silenced, but for some expectations to be laid about the appropriate way to communicate considering, amongst other things, the potential for the politicisation of their commentary. Civil Servants advising Government are expected to abide by a code of conduct, and …

Government response. The Government has always been clear that there will be opportunities to look back, analyse, reflect and to learn lessons on all aspects of COVID-19 - and that this would include an independent inquiry at the appropriate time. On 12 …
10 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

Building trust between leaders and the public is essential to the response.

Building trust between leaders and the public is essential to the response. The evidence the Committee has received, including from behavioural scientists, shows that people respond to open and honest information that is clear about the uncertainties within it. Some data has been communicated with the apparent intention of creating …

Government response. The Government has always been clear that there will be opportunities to look back, analyse, reflect and to learn lessons on all aspects of COVID-19 - and that this would include an independent inquiry at the appropriate time. On 12 …
11 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

Government communication needs to focus on informing the public openly and honestly.

Government communication needs to focus on informing the public openly and honestly. As we move into the next stage of the pandemic, the roadmap back to lifting restrictions entirely, this becomes even more pertinent. Previous recommendations cover clarity on source information, and adherence to the UKSA Code of Practice. (Paragraph …

Government response. The Secretary of State for Health and Social Care wrote to the Committee on 24 March 2021, setting out the Government’s response to this recommendation.
12 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

Throughout this inquiry, it has been unclear which Minister and Department should be held to...

Throughout this inquiry, it has been unclear which Minister and Department should be held to account for ensuring decisions are underpinned by data. Data is collected by multiple Departments and other bodies, and this Committee expects a clear point of accountability for decisions made based on data from these various …

Government response. We agree that cross-organisational working is more important than ever given the large number of organisations across health and social care and the nature and impact of COVID-19. As a result of the Government’s actions and those taken by our …
13 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

The Cabinet Office must clearly outline responsibilities for decision making, before the Coronavirus Act is...

The Cabinet Office must clearly outline responsibilities for decision making, before the Coronavirus Act is considered for renewal after 25th March 2021. This must include Government transparency and accountability during Covid 19: The data underpinning decisions 49 clear lines of accountability at Departmental and Ministerial level, stating which Minister is …

Government response. determine whether it is safe to move to the next step. The assessment of these tests at Step 2 and associated data and modelling was published on 5 April 2021. This included an assessment of Variants of Concern at test …
14 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

The Committee was very disappointed that when the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster declined...

The Committee was very disappointed that when the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster declined to appear before the Committee on 4th February, Ministers sent in his place were poorly briefed and unable to answer the Committee’s questions. The ability of Select Committees to hold Ministers to account for decisions …

Government response. The Government has set out the four tests that will need to be met to move between each step, with at least a five week gap between steps: four weeks to observe the impact of the previous step and a …
15 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

This is not the first time that the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster has...

This is not the first time that the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster has tried to avoid his accountability to this Committee. He has sought to ration his appearances by refusing invitations and setting short time-limits when he does appear. It is remarkable to note that the Prime Minister …

Government response. The Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster wrote to the Chair on 24 March 2021, setting out the Government’s response to this recommendation.
16 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

The Committee expects that the Rt Hon Michael Gove will respond to this report, clearly...

The Committee expects that the Rt Hon Michael Gove will respond to this report, clearly outlining his understanding of his own responsibilities, and the ways in which he should be held to account by Parliament. The Committee will put further questions to him at his next appearance in front of …

Government response. The Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster wrote to the Chair on 24 March 2021, setting out the Government’s response to this recommendation.
17 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

Written correspondence from the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster throughout the course of this...

Written correspondence from the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster throughout the course of this inquiry has not answered questions posed by this Committee.

Government response. The ‘COVID-19 Response - Spring 2021’ update, published on 22 February, set out the detailed data and analysis that underpins the Government’s approach to easing lockdown.1 It included the impact on the economy and society including Gross Domestic Product and …
18 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

The Government’s response to this report should state whether each recommendation is accepted or rejected...

The Government’s response to this report should state whether each recommendation is accepted or rejected and should state the next steps the Government will take or provide an explanation for those recommendations rejected. It is not sufficient for the Government to “note” a recommendation, as they have done in the …

Government response. The Government has always been clear that there will be opportunities to look back, analyse, reflect and to learn lessons on all aspects of COVID-19 - and that this would include an independent inquiry at the appropriate time. On 12 …
19 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

The message from the evidence received to this inquiry is frustratingly clear.

The message from the evidence received to this inquiry is frustratingly clear. The Government knew the response would need to be localised and there were local systems in place to manage infectious diseases already (including statutory duties on Public Health Officials) but, instead of allowing local systems to kick into …

Government response. The Secretary of State for Health and Social Care wrote to the Committee on 24 March 2021, setting out the Government’s response to this recommendation.
20 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

Vital information which might have helped local leaders to respond quickly to outbreaks simply did...

Vital information which might have helped local leaders to respond quickly to outbreaks simply did not move quickly enough through the system. Central Government was initially unwilling to share granular data on the spread of the virus, systems were fragmented, and new testing systems were set up outside of the …

Government response. The Secretary of State for Health and Social Care wrote to the Committee on 24 March 2021, setting out the Government’s response to this recommendation.
21 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

In May 2020, this Committee heard that local data would be key to the response,...

In May 2020, this Committee heard that local data would be key to the response, enabling local leaders to move quickly, stem small outbreaks and potentially 50 Government transparency and accountability during Covid 19: The data underpinning decisions stop a second wave in its tracks. It is impossible to know …

Government response. The Secretary of State for Health and Social Care wrote to the Committee on 24 March 2021, setting out the Government’s response to this recommendation.
22 Recommendation Eighth Report - Government transparency…

The Government must share all the available data with local areas in as much detail...

The Government must share all the available data with local areas in as much detail as possible, ideally to patient level. Data which will be key to decision making on the road map should be shared immediately, and ahead of the potential renewal of the Coronavirus Act. The Government should …

Government response. The Secretary of State for Health and Social Care wrote to the Committee on 24 March 2021, setting out the Government’s response to this recommendation.
23 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

The Department of Health and Social Care, with support from UKSA, should undertake an urgent...

The Department of Health and Social Care, with support from UKSA, should undertake an urgent review of health data systems in England. The review should include consideration of the role of the Department of Health and Social Care in bringing together health data from across the different health bodies. The …

Government response. We agree that cross-organisational working is more important than ever given the large number of organisations across health and social care and the nature and impact of COVID-19. As a result of the Government’s actions and those taken by our …
24 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

It is deeply worrying that Ministers were unable to answer basic questions about the decision...

It is deeply worrying that Ministers were unable to answer basic questions about the decision to lift the first lockdown. Proper Parliamentary scrutiny leads to better decision-making and builds trust. While this report does not comment on whether the Government made the right decision, the Committee expects Ministers to be …

Government response. The Government has always been clear that there will be opportunities to look back, analyse, reflect and to learn lessons on all aspects of COVID-19 - and that this would include an independent inquiry at the appropriate time. On 12 …
25 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

It is clear to even a casual observer that the decision to lift the first...

It is clear to even a casual observer that the decision to lift the first lockdown (and all subsequent lockdowns) must have also taken into consideration a range of factors, including health, economic and educational outcomes. It is, therefore, our judgement that such decisions can only be made by the …

Government response. The Government has always been clear that there will be opportunities to look back, analyse, reflect and to learn lessons on all aspects of COVID-19 - and that this would include an independent inquiry at the appropriate time. On 12 …
26 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

Time has passed for Ministers to explain to this Committee why the first lockdown was...

Time has passed for Ministers to explain to this Committee why the first lockdown was lifted when it was. It is clear that Ministers are unable to answer that question, and we are sure that this will be picked up by a public inquiry of the kind this Committee recommended …

Government response. The Government has always been clear that there will be opportunities to look back, analyse, reflect and to learn lessons on all aspects of COVID-19 - and that this would include an independent inquiry at the appropriate time. On 12 …
27 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

This report is not considering the accuracy of decisions, but this Committee has serious concerns...

This report is not considering the accuracy of decisions, but this Committee has serious concerns about the lack of transparency and clarity in decision-making. The Cabinet Office must outline in its response to this report the range of data and information it will use to lift current and future lockdowns.

Government response. The Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster wrote to the Chair on 24 March 2021, setting out the Government’s response to this recommendation.
28 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

The framework for lockdown and tiering decisions has changed repeatedly throughout this pandemic.

The framework for lockdown and tiering decisions has changed repeatedly throughout this pandemic. While the Committee does not object to the inclusion of new metrics (such as vaccines), changes in the framework to date have not always appeared to reflect new information. This has amounted to a moving of the …

Government response. The roadmap sets out the four tests that will be assessed at each of the four steps to determine whether it is safe to move to the next step. The assessment of these tests at Step 2 and associated data …
29 Recommendation Eighth Report - Government transparency…

The priority now must be a clear and consistent framework for making lockdown decisions as...

The priority now must be a clear and consistent framework for making lockdown decisions as a path back to normality is charted. The Committee, therefore, welcomes the roadmap. The Government should not make further changes to it, in terms of setting new tests or boundaries. It is concerning that the …

Government response. The roadmap sets out the four tests that will be assessed at each of the four steps to determine whether it is safe to move to the next step. The assessment of these tests at Step 2 and associated data …
30 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

Lockdown decisions have been met with confusion because the data has been unclear.

Lockdown decisions have been met with confusion because the data has been unclear. Data was not initially available for local leaders to understand the tiering decisions and there were no adequate frameworks for escalation and de-escalation in place. While this data has improved, gaps remain.

Government response. The Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster wrote to the Chair on 24 March 2021, setting out the Government’s response to this recommendation.
31 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

The new roadmap must be updated to point to where data can be found under...

The new roadmap must be updated to point to where data can be found under each indicator. The roadmap indicators should be added to the dashboard, with clear links through to the data at lower local authority level underpinning each one.

Government response. The Government has set out the four tests that will need to be met to move between each step, with at least a five week gap between steps: four weeks to observe the impact of the previous step and a …
32 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

The Government did not publish thresholds for tiering decisions which made it hard for local...

The Government did not publish thresholds for tiering decisions which made it hard for local authorities and businesses to plan. This must be changed for the future. The Committee does not believe including thresholds in the roadmap will cause perverse outcomes (as James Bowler suggested in his evidence). It is, …

Government response. The Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster wrote to the Chair on 24 March 2021, setting out the Government’s response to this recommendation.
33 Recommendation Eighth Report - Government transparency…

The Government must publish thresholds aligned to the roadmap in ranges or using minimum requirements,...

The Government must publish thresholds aligned to the roadmap in ranges or using minimum requirements, and with appropriate caveats if needed. This should be done immediately with the information available before decisions are taken to take the first steps.

Government response. The Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster wrote to the Chair on 24 March 2021, setting out the Government’s response to this recommendation.
34 Conclusion Eighth Report - Government transparency…

The hospitality and entertainment sectors have not seen sufficient data to underpin decisions relating to...

The hospitality and entertainment sectors have not seen sufficient data to underpin decisions relating to their industry. The evidence the Committee received was inconclusive over whether restrictions on hospitality and entertainment sectors were sensible and indeed it is not the purpose of this report to come to a judgement on …

Government response. The ‘COVID-19 Response - Spring 2021’ update, published on 22 February, set out the detailed data and analysis that underpins the Government’s approach to easing lockdown.1 It included the impact on the economy and society including Gross Domestic Product and …
35 Recommendation Eighth Report - Government transparency…

The Government should publish the data that underpins the restrictions that will remain in place...

The Government should publish the data that underpins the restrictions that will remain in place on businesses at each step of roadmap as a matter of urgency. Hyperlinks to this data must be included on pages explaining the restrictions for maximum transparency. (Paragraph 192) Government transparency and accountability during Covid …

Government response. The ‘COVID-19 Response - Spring 2021’ update, published on 22 February, set out the detailed data and analysis that underpins the Government’s approach to easing lockdown.1 It included the impact on the economy and society including Gross Domestic Product and …

Oral evidence sessions

6 sessions
Date Witnesses
4 Feb 2021 Clara Swinson · Department for Health and Social Care, Helen Whately MP, James Bowler CB · HM Treasury, Rt Hon Penny Mordaunt MP · Cabinet Office View ↗
19 Jan 2021 Dr David Halpern, Dr Richard Fletcher, Ed Conway, Professor Steve Reicher, Richard Earley View ↗
16 Dec 2020 Andrew Goodacre · The British Independent Retailers Association, Bill Sweeney, Emma McClarkin · British Beer and Pub Association, Julian Bird View ↗
24 Nov 2020 Dr Ben Worthy · Birkbeck, University of London, Prof Sir David John Spiegelhalter OBE FRS, Prof Sylvia Richardson CBE, Will Moy View ↗
5 Nov 2020 Cllr Hugh Evans OBE, Councillor Alison Evison, Councillor Georgia Gould, Councillor Ian Hudspeth, Jeanelle de Gruchy, Joanne Roney OBE, Phil Roberts, Steven Grimmond View ↗
22 Sep 2020 Ed Humpherson · UK Statistics Authority, Professor Sir Ian Diamond, National Statistician · Office for National Statistics View ↗

Correspondence

27 letters
DateDirectionTitle
6 Jul 2021 Correspondence with Rt Hon Michael Gove MP, Chancellor of the Dutchy of Lancast…
24 Mar 2021 To cttee Letter from Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster on the Committee's Eighth Repo…
24 Mar 2021 To cttee Letter from Rt Hon Matt Hancock MP, Secretary of State for Health and Social Ca…
19 Mar 2021 From cttee Letter to Rt Hon Michael Gove MP, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster requesti…
2 Mar 2021 To cttee Letter from Rt Hon Penny Mordaunt MP, Paymaster General on data transparency an…
2 Mar 2021 From cttee Letter to Chloe Smith MP, Minister of State for the Constitution and Devolution…
25 Feb 2021 From cttee Letter to Rt Hon Michael Gove MP, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and Mini…
23 Feb 2021 To cttee Letter from Helen Whately MP, Minister of State for Care on data transparency a…
9 Feb 2021 To cttee Letter from Professor Sir Ian Diamond, National Statistician to Chair, dated 9.…
9 Feb 2021 To cttee Letter from Sir David Norgrove, Chair of the UK Statistics Authority to Chair, …
5 Feb 2021 From cttee Letter to Rt Hon Michael Gove MP, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and Mini…
2 Feb 2021 To cttee Letter from James Bowler, Permanent Secretary, Covid Taskforce on Cabinet Offic…
2 Feb 2021 To cttee Letter from Ed Humpherson, Director General for Regulation, UK Statistics Autho…
2 Feb 2021 Letter Nadhim Zahawi MP, Minister for Covid Vaccine Deployment on Covid-19 vacc…
12 Jan 2021 To cttee Letter from Steve Baker MP on the Government’s use of epidemiological modelling…
12 Jan 2021 From cttee Letter to the Rt Hon Michael Gove MP, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster on C…
12 Jan 2021 To cttee Letter from Andrew Goodacre, CEO of the British Independent Retailers Associati…
16 Dec 2020 To cttee Letter from Professor Sylvia Richardson CBE, President-Elect of the Royal Stati…
15 Dec 2020 To cttee Letter from Steve Baker MP on methodological issues in epidemiological modellin…
10 Dec 2020 To cttee Letter from the Rt Hon Michael Gove MP, Chancellor of the Dutchy of Lancaster o…