Select Committee · Environmental Audit Committee

Water Quality in Rivers

Status: Closed Opened: 8 Dec 2020 Closed: 22 Oct 2023 51 recommendations 31 conclusions 1 report

The Environmental Audit Committee (EAC) is holding an inquiry into water quality in rivers. The EAC has previously inquired into nitrate pollution so this inquiry intends to focus on the water industry and urban diffuse pollution. For more information about this inquiry read the call for evidence . Read the interactive summary of the report … Show more

Clear

Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers HC 74 13 Jan 2022 82 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

29 items
1 Conclusion Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers Acknowledged

Improving the quality of the water in rivers in England should be considered a principal...

Improving the quality of the water in rivers in England should be considered a principal objective through which the Government and public bodies can deliver on the legally binding duty, established in the Environment Act 2021, to halt the decline in domestic species by 2030. Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees that improving river water quality is a principal objective for meeting the legally binding duty to halt the decline in domestic species by 2030, recognising its vital role for biodiversity and habitat restoration.
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2 Conclusion Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers Acknowledged

A ‘chemical cocktail’ of sewage, agricultural waste, plastic and persistent chemicals is polluting rivers.

A ‘chemical cocktail’ of sewage, agricultural waste, plastic and persistent chemicals is polluting rivers. River water quality has improved by some measures in recent decades, but in others it appears to be getting worse. The establishment of a complete overview of the health of rivers in England and the pollution … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states it is already taking action through research projects, developing a chemicals strategy and a Prioritisation and Early Warning System (PEWS) for chemicals of emerging concern. They are also developing non-target screening in water, biota and sediment allowing the detection of the presence …
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4 Recommendation Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers Acknowledged

The current range of pollutants being monitored is too narrow.

The current range of pollutants being monitored is too narrow. The Environment Agency must begin work to extend the number of substances it is regularly monitoring in rivers. Existing datasets do not provide a comprehensive picture of risks to human health, aquatic life nor microplastic contamination in rivers. Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees on engaging stakeholders and expanding the evidence base regarding pollutants and antimicrobial resistance, referencing ongoing programs, but does not explicitly commit to the Environment Agency extending its regular monitoring of substances in rivers.
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8 Recommendation Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers Acknowledged

We welcome the Environment Act’s inclusion of a requirement on water companies to reduce the...

We welcome the Environment Act’s inclusion of a requirement on water companies to reduce the impact on public health of sewage discharges. We recommend that this includes consideration of antimicrobial resistance.

Government response AI summary
The government agrees it is important bathers have access to timely information on water quality and refers to existing signage requirements and pollution risk forecasting services. They will make use of learning from existing trials such as sensor technology to indicate water quality.
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10 Recommendation Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers Acknowledged

We recommend that the Government actively encourage the designation of at least one widely used...

We recommend that the Government actively encourage the designation of at least one widely used stretch of river for bathing in each water company area by 2025 at the latest. In their Business Plans for Ofwat’s Price Review 24, each water and sewerage company should set out how they intend … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees that designating river bathing waters to protect public health is important and complements ecological status, but highlights the distinction between public health measures and those that improve ecological health. It does not commit to actively encouraging specific designations or requiring water companies …
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12 Recommendation Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers Acknowledged

When deciding on areas for designation, the costs and benefits for local stakeholders should be...

When deciding on areas for designation, the costs and benefits for local stakeholders should be carefully assessed, with consideration given to the potential impact on land adjacent to bathing waters. We recommend that DEFRA ensure its Environmental Land Management Scheme supports action by farmers with land adjacent to designated waters … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government discusses its ongoing package of support for farmers to manage nutrients sustainably through environmental land management schemes, but does not specifically commit to ensuring ELMS targets support for farmers adjacent to designated waters to minimise faecal contamination.
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13 Conclusion Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers Acknowledged

Designation of stretches of river as bathing waters will help to drive coordinated action to...

Designation of stretches of river as bathing waters will help to drive coordinated action to improve water quality: but achieving rivers safe to swim in is only one aspect of securing an overall improvement in water quality. Designation of bathing waters must therefore go hand in hand with further measures … Read more

Government response AI summary
The Government agrees that minimum standards for mitigating water pollution from agriculture should evolve over time to improve water quality. They state they are already taking action to improve the effectiveness of the regulatory framework, referencing guidance on the Farming Rules for Water and the …
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20 Recommendation Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers Acknowledged

The sewage sludge currently spread on agricultural land contains microplastics which have been caught in...

The sewage sludge currently spread on agricultural land contains microplastics which have been caught in the wastewater treatment process. It may also contain e-coli, antibiotics, biocides, persistent chemical pollutants and pharmaceuticals. This practice appears to be the principal means of disposal of biosolids from such processes. If it is to … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government is exploring the best way to make data generated by the Environment Act duties available to the public. Ofwat agrees that reporting needs to be suitably detailed, accessible and transparent to all, and note companies have existing obligations in relation to environmental information …
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21 Recommendation Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers Acknowledged

We recommend that the water industry work urgently with the Environment Agency and the farming...

We recommend that the water industry work urgently with the Environment Agency and the farming sector to assess and mitigate the clear risk of microplastic pollution from this practice, and to develop a comprehensive plan for the separation of microplastics from biosolids at wastewater treatment works. (Paragraph 129) Sewage pollution Read more

Government response AI summary
Ofwat wants to see serious pollution incidents reduced to zero by 2030 and the Government’s revised Strategic Policy Statement for Ofwat includes an expectation for Ofwat to ‘challenge water companies to demonstrate how they will achieve zero serious pollution incidents by 2030’.
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25 Recommendation Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers Acknowledged

We recommend that the Environment Agency either develop the in-house capacity or tender for external...

We recommend that the Environment Agency either develop the in-house capacity or tender for external assistance necessary for the analysis of the volume of data generated by EDMs and for the establishment of techniques to identify discharges which are likely to breach permit conditions. Read more

Government response AI summary
Ofwat expects performance-related executive pay to be linked to stretching performance delivery for customers, including environmental performance, and notes that it has written to remuneration committees underscoring its expectations. It will continue to examine this issue.
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26 Recommendation Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers Acknowledged

The technology for continuous monitoring of water quality is evolving rapidly.

The technology for continuous monitoring of water quality is evolving rapidly. We recommend that the Environment Agency invite manufacturers to submit products for evaluation so that the Agency can rapidly introduce cost-efficient and effective sensors at an increased number of locations. Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states that Ofwat continues to prioritise long-term investment and will continue to focus their regulatory approach to support long term customer and environmental outcomes.
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27 Conclusion Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers Acknowledged

We note with concern the evidence we have received which suggests that Environment Agency sampling...

We note with concern the evidence we have received which suggests that Environment Agency sampling practice at wastewater treatment works may not adequately take into account regular variations in the composition of effluent. (Paragraph 171) Water quality in rivers 123 Read more

Government response AI summary
The government highlights its Strategic Policy Statement for Ofwat, which supports increased use of nature-based solutions and references funding and initiatives already in place to promote them, including the WINEP taskforce. However, it makes no specific commitment to action regarding the Environment Agency's sampling practice.
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28 Conclusion Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers Acknowledged

We welcome the statutory provisions in the Environment Act 2021 to monitor water quality upstream...

We welcome the statutory provisions in the Environment Act 2021 to monitor water quality upstream and downstream of sewer outflows, and for annual reporting on storm overflow discharges. We also welcome the requirement for water companies to report on the volume where information is available, but we regret that there … Read more

Government response AI summary
The Government agrees with the recommendation.
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30 Conclusion Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers Acknowledged

We were dismayed to learn that some water companies have been slow to respond to...

We were dismayed to learn that some water companies have been slow to respond to formal requests by campaigners and citizen scientists under the Environmental Information Regulations 2004 to secure information about EDM use and permit conditions on the sewerage network. Given the overwhelming public concern about water quality in … Read more

Government response AI summary
The Government welcomes the recommendation, notes that the Strategic Policy Statement makes clear that the current number of discharges is unacceptable and water companies must significantly reduce the discharge of sewage from storm overflows, and that outcomes will be set out in the Storm Overflows …
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32 Conclusion Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers Acknowledged

The water industry has failed to achieve the target, set by the Environment Agency, of...

The water industry has failed to achieve the target, set by the Environment Agency, of a 50% reduction in serious pollution incidents from their 2012 level by 2020. This is not an acceptable position.

Government response AI summary
The Government acknowledges the water industry's failure to meet the pollution reduction target and describes actions being taken regarding wet wipes and disposable nappies, including a call for evidence and ongoing research, but does not directly address the target.
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34 Conclusion Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers Acknowledged

We nevertheless welcome the reductions in serious pollution incidents which water companies have achieved and...

We nevertheless welcome the reductions in serious pollution incidents which water companies have achieved and which the Environment Agency has acknowledged.

Government response AI summary
While the government will encourage Textiles 2030 to consider what the textiles industry can realistically do to reduce microplastic pollution, it is not appropriate to introduce a new target, especially as evidence on the impact, sources, and potential preventive measures are not conclusive.
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44 Recommendation Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers Acknowledged

The Secretary of State has the opportunity to set strategic direction for Ofwat.

The Secretary of State has the opportunity to set strategic direction for Ofwat. Now is the time for the Government to act in encouraging Ofwat to increase materially the proportion of each company’s capital investment devoted to improving water quality. Read more

Government response AI summary
The Government highlights Ofwat's efforts to incorporate a natural capital approach in their decision-making for the next Price Review (PR24) and the introduction of this approach to assess the environmental implications of Water Industry National Environment Programme (WINEP) proposals.
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47 Conclusion Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers Acknowledged

The Government acknowledges that reductions in discharges from the sewerage network will require significant investment...

The Government acknowledges that reductions in discharges from the sewerage network will require significant investment across the water estate. The price estimate made by the Storm Overflows Taskforce of the cost of full separation of the entire sewerage network should be carefully scrutinised by the Government as it produces its … Read more

Government response AI summary
Defra and HM Treasury are engaging in discussions in 2022 about reviewing the Environment Agency’s ability to recover costs through charges for permits and related activities.
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51 Conclusion Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers Acknowledged

Fats, oils and greases and cleaning and hygiene products containing plastic are causing huge problems...

Fats, oils and greases and cleaning and hygiene products containing plastic are causing huge problems for drainage systems when they are poured away in sinks or flushed down the toilet. The disposal of FOG by takeaways and other food service establishments is currently unregulated. Grease management solutions exist, but awareness … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees citizen science can play an important role, including assisting the Environment Agency with monitoring, particularly through Catchment Partnerships. They state that this is already happening through the Catchment Monitoring Cooperative and the CaSTCo initiative.
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52 Recommendation Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers Acknowledged

The water and grease management industry must develop standards for the sectors which use FOG...

The water and grease management industry must develop standards for the sectors which use FOG routinely to collect and dispose of such responsibly without it entering the drainage network. We further recommend that Ministers work with the water industry to consider whether fats, oils and greases should be classed as … Read more

Government response AI summary
The Government welcomes the focus on citizen science and CaBA partnership monitoring and encourages water companies to engage with CaBA partnerships, expecting the Environment Agency's links to ensure that citizen science data is taken into account.
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57 Conclusion Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers Acknowledged

National Highways mitigated risks of pollution from 23 drainage points in 2020/21.

National Highways mitigated risks of pollution from 23 drainage points in 2020/21. At this rate it will take over 55 years to address the 1,326 outfalls and soakaways it has identified as high risk, not to mention the thousands of other potentially polluting drains on the strategic road network. This … Read more

Government response AI summary
The Department for Transport and National Highways agree that increased ambition and delivery should be supported and will examine the feasibility of using existing funds in the current road period to support this where possible.
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66 Recommendation Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers Acknowledged

The new Office for Environmental Protection, established under the Environment Act 2021, is empowered to...

The new Office for Environmental Protection, established under the Environment Act 2021, is empowered to make highly significant contributions to the achievement 128 Water quality in rivers of the Government’s environmental objectives in general, and to the improvement of water quality in rivers in particular. We encourage the Office for … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the OEP's independence and states that it will be up to the OEP to decide how to prioritise its work, including considering the committee's recommendations.
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67 Conclusion Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers Acknowledged

In the Committee’s recent report on biodiversity in the UK we argued that action to...

In the Committee’s recent report on biodiversity in the UK we argued that action to protect biodiversity needed to be stepped up in scale, ambition, pace, and detail. Our conclusions from this inquiry show that this step change in approach is vital to protect freshwater biodiversity. Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the committee's conclusion, affirming that a significant shift in approach to improve water quality is essential for protecting freshwater biodiversity and achieving the target to halt species decline by 2030.
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68 Recommendation Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers Acknowledged

Changes in regulatory action, cross-catchment collaboration and water company investment are urgently required to restore...

Changes in regulatory action, cross-catchment collaboration and water company investment are urgently required to restore rivers to good ecological health, protect biodiversity and adapt to a changing climate. We expect to see far more assertive regulation and enforcement from Ofwat and the Environment Agency, with the provision of funding and … Read more

Government response AI summary
The Government acknowledges the need for action and refers to existing measures like the Environment Act 2021 and targets to reduce pollution, and plans to improve water quality in the update of the 25 Year Environment Plan in January 2023.
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70 Conclusion Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers Acknowledged

The biodiversity crisis requires public agencies, regulators and water companies to adopt new decision-making methodologies.

The biodiversity crisis requires public agencies, regulators and water companies to adopt new decision-making methodologies. The idea, for instance, that pollution can be tolerated in areas with low ‘amenity value’ belongs to a different era. Pollution of rivers must be addressed wherever it occurs because of the impact of such … Read more

Government response AI summary
The Government acknowledges the need for action and refers to existing measures like the Environment Act 2021 and targets to reduce pollution, and plans to improve water quality in the update of the 25 Year Environment Plan in January 2023.
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75 Conclusion Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers Acknowledged

Local authorities have a key role to play in restoring rivers to good ecological status...

Local authorities have a key role to play in restoring rivers to good ecological status across the country. Their engagement in Catchment Based Approach partnerships is crucial, while their work on Local Nature Recovery Strategies must engage with the development of drainage and sewerage management plans. It is essential that … Read more

Government response AI summary
The Government agrees with the intention behind this recommendation and says there is information available nationally and at a catchment level as part of the Environment Agency’s River Basin Management Planning process and that they are working with Local Planning Authorities (LPAs) to help them …
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76 Recommendation Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers Acknowledged

Pollution across river catchments must be progressively reduced from all sources in the catchment until...

Pollution across river catchments must be progressively reduced from all sources in the catchment until it does not exceed the capacity of the land and the rivers to handle the nutrients. We therefore recommend that DEFRA direct the Environment Agency and Natural England to calculate nutrient budgets for each river … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees on the need to incentivise action for water body improvement through existing and future agri-environment schemes, with a focus on water quality and reducing nutrient leaching, but does not commit to calculating nutrient budgets for each river catchment.
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78 Conclusion Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers Acknowledged

Policymakers across Government should aim to cultivate a culture of water citizenship to foster greater...

Policymakers across Government should aim to cultivate a culture of water citizenship to foster greater awareness and change behaviour that risks causing blockages in the sewer network and increasing levels of water pollution. Awareness of what should not be disposed of down toilets and drains appears to be low. Many … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees that citizen science can play an important role, including in assisting the Environment Agency with monitoring, particularly through Catchment Partnerships. They highlight the Catchment Monitoring Cooperative which obtained £1.7 million in funding from Ofwat’s Breakthrough Water Challenge fund last year to kickstart …
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79 Recommendation Fourth Report - Water quality in rivers Acknowledged

Citizen science should not be seen as an alternative to adequately funded environmental monitoring by...

Citizen science should not be seen as an alternative to adequately funded environmental monitoring by regulators but it should be encouraged and recognised. We recommend that the Environment Agency explore how best to support the contribution of citizen science to environmental regulation and to incorporate citizen science analysis in its … Read more

Government response AI summary
The Government welcomes the focus on citizen science and CaBA partnership monitoring and encourages water companies to engage with CaBA partnerships. They expect the Environment Agency's links to the water industry and catchment partnerships should ensure citizen science data is taken into account.
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Oral evidence sessions

6 sessions
Date Witnesses
13 Oct 2021 Heidi Mottram CBE · Northumbrian Water, Ian McAulay · Southern Water, Liv Garfield · Severn Trent Water, Sarah Bentley · Thames Water, Susan Davy · South West Water View ↗
15 Sep 2021 Kirstin Green · Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Rebecca Pow · Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Richard Bramley · National Farmers Union (NFU), Simon Gallagher · Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, Susan Twining · CLA (Country Land and Business Association) View ↗
23 Jun 2021 David Black · Ofwat, Nick Harris · National Highways, Sir James Bevan · Environment Agency View ↗
26 May 2021 Alastair Chisholm · Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management, Bronwyn Buntine · Kent Council, Daniel Johns · Anglian Water Services Ltd, Ian Titherington · Cardiff Council, Jo Bradley · Stormwater Shepherds, Lila Thompson · British Water View ↗
21 Apr 2021 Feargal Sharkey · Amwell Magna Fishery, Jane Nickerson · Swim England, Mr Ben Seal · British Canoeing, Pete Lloyd · Environment Agency, Professor Peter Hammond · University College London (UCL), Professor Rebecca Malby · Ilkley Clean River Group View ↗
10 Mar 2021 Amy Slack · Surfers against Sewage, Dr Michelle Jackson · Oxford University, Dr Rob Collins · The Rivers Trust, Guy Linley-Adams · Salmon and Trout Conservation, Professor Nigel Watson · Lancaster University, Professor Steve Ormerod · Cardiff University View ↗

Who gave evidence

31 witnesses
WitnessOrganisationSessions
Alastair Chisholm · Director of Policy Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management 1
Amy Slack · Head of Campaigns & Policy Surfers against Sewage 1
Bronwyn Buntine · Sustainable Drainage Team Leader Kent Council 1
Daniel Johns · Head of Public Affairs Anglian Water Services Ltd 1
David Black · Chief Executive Ofwat 1
Dr Michelle Jackson · Associate Professor of freshwater/marine ecology,… Oxford University 1
Dr Rob Collins · Head of Policy and Science The Rivers Trust 1
Feargal Sharkey · Chairman Amwell Magna Fishery 1
Guy Linley-Adams · Solicitor Salmon and Trout Conservation 1
Heidi Mottram CBE · Chief Executive Northumbrian Water 1
Ian McAulay · Chief Executive Southern Water 1
Ian Titherington · Lead drainage officer Cardiff Council 1
Jane Nickerson · Chief Executive Swim England 1
Jo Bradley · Director of Operations UK Stormwater Shepherds 1
Kirstin Green · Deputy Director, Water Quality Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 1
Lila Thompson · Chief Executive British Water 1
Liv Garfield · Chief Executive Severn Trent Water 1
Mr Ben Seal · Places to Paddle Manager British Canoeing 1
Nick Harris · Chief Executive National Highways 1
Pete Lloyd · Retired water quality expert Environment Agency 1
Professor Nigel Watson · Professor of Geography and Environmental Manageme… Lancaster University 1
Professor Peter Hammond · (retired) Professor of Computational Biology University College London (UCL) 1
Professor Rebecca Malby · Co-founder Ilkley Clean River Group 1
Professor Steve Ormerod · Professor of Ecology/Co-Director Water Research I… Cardiff University 1
Rebecca Pow · Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State (Minister … Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 1
Richard Bramley · Environment Forum Chair National Farmers Union (NFU) 1
Sarah Bentley · Chief Executive Thames Water 1
Simon Gallagher · Planning Director Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government 1
Sir James Bevan · Chief Executive Environment Agency 1
Susan Davy · Chief Executive South West Water 1
Susan Twining · Chief Land Use Policy Adviser CLA (Country Land and Business Association) 1

Correspondence

15 letters
DateDirectionTitle
23 Oct 2023 To cttee Letter from the Chief Executive of Ofwat regarding their Water Company Performa…
22 Sep 2022 To cttee Letter from the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, rel…
6 Jan 2022 To cttee Letter from the Leader of Chichester District Council, relating to the Water Qu…
6 Jan 2022 To cttee Letter from National Highways, relating to the Water Quality in Rivers inquiry,…
25 Nov 2021 To cttee Letter from the Interim Chief Executive of Ofwat, relating to the Water quality…
25 Nov 2021 To cttee Letter from the Wastewater Director of Northumbrian Water Limited, relating to …
4 Nov 2021 To cttee Letter from the Northumbrian Water Chief Executive, relating to the 13 October …
4 Nov 2021 To cttee Letter from the Severn Trent Plc Chief Executive, relating to the 13 October Wa…
26 Oct 2021 To cttee Letter from the Chair to the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural…
14 Oct 2021 To cttee Letter from the Leader of Herefordshire Council, concerning water quality in ri…
16 Sep 2021 To cttee Letter from the Minister of State for Housing, relating to the Water quality in…
9 Sep 2021 To cttee Letter from the Environment Agency Chief Executive, relating to the Water quali…
9 Sep 2021 To cttee Letter from the Acting CEO of Highways England, relating to the Water quality i…
9 Sep 2021 To cttee Letter from the Interim Chief Executive of Ofwat, relating to the Water quality…
21 Jul 2021 To cttee Letter from the Acting CEO of Highways England, relating to the Water quality i…