Select Committee · Environmental Audit Committee

Biodiversity and Ecosystems

Status: Closed Opened: 13 Jul 2020 Closed: 26 Jan 2023 61 recommendations 41 conclusions 2 reports

This inquiry examines how the UK can best protect and enhance biodiversity. We are: reviewing the UK Government’s performance on achieving international and domestic biodiversity targets in preparation for the fifteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP15) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) examining the state of biodiversity in the UK and … Show more

Clear

Reports

2 reports
Title HC No. Published Items Response
Second Report - The UK's footprint on global biodiversity HC 674 30 Sep 2021 31 Responded
First Report - Biodiversity in the UK: bloom or bust? HC 136 30 Jun 2021 71 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

20 items
1 Conclusion First Report - Biodiversity in the UK: … Acknowledged

The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services’ call for transformative change provides a...

The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services’ call for transformative change provides a yardstick against which action to address biodiversity loss should be measured. The global response to biodiversity loss has so far been inadequate. Piecemeal conservation efforts, and increases in the efficiency of production, cannot tackle the … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the need to address biodiversity loss and references its response to the Dasgupta Review, actions under the Environment Bill including a legally binding 2030 species target, and the forthcoming Nature Strategy for England.
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3 Conclusion First Report - Biodiversity in the UK: … Acknowledged

The UK has established a sophisticated public policy mechanism to tackle the effects of climate...

The UK has established a sophisticated public policy mechanism to tackle the effects of climate change by driving sustained long-term reductions in harmful emissions. This comprises legally binding interim and long-term targets authorised by Parliament, and an independent Climate Change Committee to advise Parliament and Ministers on the actions required … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges its commitment to cross-departmental action on targets, stating that the duty to achieve targets rests with central government and that the Office for Environmental Protection will enforce environmental law duties, with further details on Greening Government Commitments to be set out shortly.
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6 Recommendation First Report - Biodiversity in the UK: … Acknowledged

We recommend that the Government introduce, preferably via the Environment Bill currently before Parliament, a...

We recommend that the Government introduce, preferably via the Environment Bill currently before Parliament, a mechanism for statutory interim targets to ensure that its proposed species abundance target is met to halt the decline of nature by 2030. We further recommend that the scope of the proposed 2030 target be … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government describes the statutory cycle of monitoring, planning, and reporting under the Environment Bill, including the Outcome Indicator Framework, but does not commit to statutory interim targets or explicitly extending the legally binding scope of the 2030 target as recommended.
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15 Recommendation First Report - Biodiversity in the UK: … Acknowledged

The Government’s new species abundance target for 2030 provides a potential mechanism for the measurement...

The Government’s new species abundance target for 2030 provides a potential mechanism for the measurement of progress on addressing biodiversity loss, and a driver for consequent actions. We recommend that once the target is established, regular, formal reviews of progress against the target should be required to be made, to … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the need for progress measurement through its Outcome Indicator Framework, which is under development with reviews planned at a minimum every five years, and has invested in the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment. However, it does not specifically commit to regular formal …
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18 Conclusion First Report - Biodiversity in the UK: … Acknowledged

If Marine Protected Areas continue to be poorly managed and monitored, with little enforcement of...

If Marine Protected Areas continue to be poorly managed and monitored, with little enforcement of their protected status, there is a risk that the Government will have established a network of ‘paper parks’. According to monitoring data, the condition of MPAs is much the same as our predecessors observed in … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the need for effectively managed protected areas and notes existing initiatives like new designations and funding for landscapes. It has committed to piloting Highly Protected Marine Areas and will publish a Nature Recovery Green Paper later this year.
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29 Conclusion First Report - Biodiversity in the UK: … Acknowledged

We welcome the funding announcements and increased public expenditure on international biodiversity, however international conservation...

We welcome the funding announcements and increased public expenditure on international biodiversity, however international conservation funding is still greatly outstripped by subsidies which cheapen the exploitation of the natural environment. The Government cannot spend more exploiting the natural environment than conserving it if climate change and biodiversity are to be … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states it is reviewing how to better support environmental objectives, including embedding net zero into policy decisions, improving natural capital estimates, and participating in green budgeting initiatives, but does not commit to addressing the imbalance between conservation funding and harmful subsidies or providing …
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36 Recommendation First Report - Biodiversity in the UK: … Acknowledged

The Government must address how it will set long-term objectives for all ten of the...

The Government must address how it will set long-term objectives for all ten of the Plan’s goals. As agreed to in 2018, the Government must publish how these goals and objectives relate to pre-existing national and international environmental targets. We reiterate our recommendation that the Office for Environmental Protection’s powers, … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges its commitment to cross-departmental action on targets and states the OEP's remit will include long-term targets, promising to set out further detail shortly on other government departments' actions.
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40 Conclusion First Report - Biodiversity in the UK: … Acknowledged

We welcome the Government’s efforts to secure biodiversity gains in development: but the biodiversity net...

We welcome the Government’s efforts to secure biodiversity gains in development: but the biodiversity net gain policy, in its current form, does not go far enough in contributing to the transformative change necessary to address biodiversity loss in the UK. A series of deficiencies with the policy have been identified … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government reiterates that the Environment Bill will ensure new developments deliver a minimum 10% Biodiversity Net Gain and commits to continuing to work with stakeholders to ensure the policy is fit for purpose, but does not detail how it will address the identified deficiencies.
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42 Conclusion First Report - Biodiversity in the UK: … Acknowledged

We welcome the extension of the biodiversity net gain policy to include Nationally Significant Infrastructure...

We welcome the extension of the biodiversity net gain policy to include Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects. We received overwhelming evidence in support of this and note the potential the policy now has to contribute to nature’s recovery. We will be examining the implementation of the policy change as it progresses. Read more

Government response AI summary
The government reiterates that the Environment Bill will ensure new developments enhance biodiversity and deliver measurable 'Biodiversity Net Gain' but does not specifically address the committee's welcome of the policy's extension to Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects.
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51 Conclusion First Report - Biodiversity in the UK: … Acknowledged

Protecting existing ecosystems, be that ancient woodland, peatlands, or kelp forests provides the most cost-effective...

Protecting existing ecosystems, be that ancient woodland, peatlands, or kelp forests provides the most cost-effective and significant contribution to NbS in the UK. Given the majority of the UK’s ecosystems lie outside of protected areas, more needs to be done to lock carbon and conserve biodiversity in these spaces. Read more

Government response AI summary
The government highlights its investment in nature restoration and nature-based solutions, including the Nature for Climate and Green Recovery Challenge funds, and the Peatland Grant Scheme for restoring peatland, as its contribution to addressing the need for more action in protecting ecosystems.
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56 Recommendation First Report - Biodiversity in the UK: … Acknowledged

We recommend the Government start the process of setting an environmental footprint target by launching...

We recommend the Government start the process of setting an environmental footprint target by launching a consultation ahead of COP15 on how to model the overseas environmental impact of UK consumption. This could feed into Defra’s work on international indicators within the Outcome Indicator Framework. Read more

Government response AI summary
The government has commissioned the Joint Nature Conservation Committee to develop a global environmental footprint indicator as part of the Outcome Indicators Framework. While this work is ongoing and will inform future thinking, the government has not yet committed to setting an environmental footprint target …
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66 Recommendation First Report - Biodiversity in the UK: … Acknowledged

The Government has the opportunity to create a fiscal framework focused on delivering well-being, sustainability...

The Government has the opportunity to create a fiscal framework focused on delivering well-being, sustainability and economic stability. The current fiscal rules focus on managing the budget, public sector investment and debt. There is scope to extend this so balancing our demands on nature with nature’s capacity to meet these … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the importance of integrating environmental considerations into the fiscal framework, pointing to existing Green Book mandates, ongoing reviews within HM Treasury, and future details in the Net Zero Strategy, while also supporting ONS/OBR work on natural capital and participating in international green …
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68 Conclusion First Report - Biodiversity in the UK: … Acknowledged

Financial systems need to recognise the value of preserving biodiversity.

Financial systems need to recognise the value of preserving biodiversity. The transformation the financial system has undergone to integrate climate-related financial risks should be used as a roadmap to do the same for biodiversity. The interconnected, complex, and non-linear nature of biodiversity risks makes it difficult to model. But the … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the importance of nature-related financial disclosures, reiterating its support for the TNFD framework and committing to carefully review its recommendations upon launch by the end of 2023. It also highlights its support for global sustainability disclosure standards.
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70 Recommendation First Report - Biodiversity in the UK: … Acknowledged

For biodiversity to be protected, it has to be appreciated and valued.

For biodiversity to be protected, it has to be appreciated and valued. But our increasing detachment from nature stops many of us knowing and directly experiencing it. This starts at a young age; children are spending less and less time outdoors. Children from disadvantaged backgrounds and ethnic minorities have particularly … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the benefits of learning about nature, stating the DfE is exploring a new Natural History GCSE without commitment and highlights efforts to ensure access to outdoor education centers.
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13 Recommendation Second Report - The UK's footprint on g… Acknowledged

To increase sustainability within UK global supply chains, we recommend that: a) in its response...

To increase sustainability within UK global supply chains, we recommend that: a) in its response to this report, the Government should set out a clear and accessible definition of sustainability within the context of the Government Buying Standards; b) the Government reinstate the Greening Government Commitments for mandatory reporting on … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges its commitment to improving sustainable public procurement and notes that its Greening Government Commitments Framework includes a review of sustainable procurement commitments. However, it does not commit to the specific asks regarding a definition of sustainability, reinstating mandatory reporting by end of …
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14 Conclusion Second Report - The UK's footprint on g… Acknowledged

A natural capital approach to valuing agricultural products provides another way to increase the sustainability...

A natural capital approach to valuing agricultural products provides another way to increase the sustainability of supply chains.

Government response AI summary
The government recognises the role of a natural capital approach in valuing agricultural products and is funding research projects to better understand natural capital impacts in the agricultural sector.
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17 Recommendation Second Report - The UK's footprint on g… Acknowledged

To increase the sustainable use of forest-risk commodities we recommend that the Government make it...

To increase the sustainable use of forest-risk commodities we recommend that the Government make it illegal for UK businesses and the finance sector to use commodities linked to deforestation and, at the very least, include the finance sector within the scope of the provisions on forest-risk commodities in the Environment … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states it is introducing the Environment Act (2021) to tackle illegal deforestation in UK supply chains and highlights broader international initiatives like the FACT Dialogue and private sector commitments to eliminate investment in agricultural commodity-driven deforestation. However, it does not explicitly commit to …
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22 Conclusion Second Report - The UK's footprint on g… Acknowledged

The UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) COP15 summit presents an opportunity to create a...

The UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) COP15 summit presents an opportunity to create a transformative Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework that will ‘bend the curve’ of biodiversity loss. The UK has a crucial role to play in promoting a transformative, ambitious agenda that pairs with its ambitions for the UNFCCC … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the committee's conclusion, reiterating the significance of the CBD COP15 summit and the UK's role in promoting an ambitious Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework.
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25 Recommendation Second Report - The UK's footprint on g… Acknowledged

The Post-2020 Framework’s goals and targets will be meaningless if not properly implemented.

The Post-2020 Framework’s goals and targets will be meaningless if not properly implemented. The CBD ought to adopt a regular review mechanism, such as that adopted under the Paris Agreement of the UNFCCC, which encourages Parties to ‘ratchet’ the level of ambition of their National Targets so that, over time, … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government highlights its work on integrating climate change and biodiversity at COP26 and engagement for CBD COP15, including the Leaders' Pledge for Nature, indicating alignment with the broader goal of ambitious nature targets without explicitly committing to establishing a specific 'ratchet' review mechanism for …
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26 Conclusion Second Report - The UK's footprint on g… Acknowledged

Mainstreaming biodiversity considerations across government departments will be crucial to meeting the Post-2020 Biodiversity Targets.

Mainstreaming biodiversity considerations across government departments will be crucial to meeting the Post-2020 Biodiversity Targets. The UK’s past performance on cross-departmental co-ordination on nature has been disappointing. We have nevertheless been encouraged to observe the willingness of Ministers to work across Government to address biodiversity loss and climate change. We … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the conclusion, affirming its commitment to international leadership on biodiversity and climate change, and states it will ensure recommendations are considered in its domestic and international work, especially for CBD COP15.
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Oral evidence sessions

6 sessions
Date Witnesses
4 Mar 2021 Kemi Badenoch · HM Treasury, Steve Field · HM Treasury View ↗
24 Feb 2021 Professor Sir Partha Dasgupta · HMT Economics of Biodiversity Review View ↗
13 Jan 2021 Cheryl Case · Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Richard Pullen · Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Rt Hon Christopher Pincher MP · Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, Rt Hon George Eustice · Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Simon Gallagher · Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, The Rt Hon. the Lord Goldsmith of Richmond Park · Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs View ↗
9 Dec 2020 David Webster · Associated British Foods UK Grocery, Martin Harper · Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), Mihai Coroi · Mott MacDonald, Nathalie Seddon · University of Oxford, Professor David Hill · Environment Bank, Professor Sir Partha Dasgupta · HMT Economics of Biodiversity Review View ↗
12 Nov 2020 Ben McCarthy · National Trust, Caroline Knox · National Farmers' Union Environment Forum, Craig Bennett · Wildlife Trusts, Dr Ruth Little · University of Sheffield, Julian Glover · London Evening Standard, Kari Sprostranova · Balfour Beatty, Mayor Philip Glanville · Local Government Association’s Environment, Economy, Housing and Transport Board, Professor Kathy Willis · Natural Capital Committee View ↗
22 Oct 2020 Andy Purvis · IPBES, Anne Larigauderie · IPBES, Braulio Ferreira de Souza Dias · UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Doug Allan · Planet Earth and Blue Planet series, Elisa Morgera · Strathclyde University Law School, Kate Norgrove · WWF, Tony Juniper · Natural England View ↗

Who gave evidence

29 witnesses
WitnessOrganisationSessions
Professor Sir Partha Dasgupta · Lead HMT Economics of Biodiversity Review 2
Andy Purvis · Lead Author of the IPBES Global Assessment of Bio… IPBES 1
Anne Larigauderie · Executive Secretary IPBES 1
Ben McCarthy · Head of Nature Conservation and Restoration Ecolo… National Trust 1
Braulio Ferreira de Souza Dias · Former Executive Secretary UN Convention on Biological Diversity 1
Caroline Knox · Member National Farmers' Union Environment Forum 1
Cheryl Case · Deputy Director for International Environmental N… Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 1
Craig Bennett · Chief Executive Wildlife Trusts 1
David Webster · Director of Sustainability & External Affairs Associated British Foods UK Grocery 1
Doug Allan · Filmmaker Planet Earth and Blue Planet series 1
Dr Ruth Little · Lecturer University of Sheffield 1
Elisa Morgera · Professor of Global Environmental Law Strathclyde University Law School 1
Julian Glover · Chair, Landscape Review and former Associate Edit… London Evening Standard 1
Kari Sprostranova · Health, Safety, Environment and Sustainability Di… Balfour Beatty 1
Kate Norgrove · Executive Director for Campaigns and Advocacy WWF 1
Kemi Badenoch · Exchequer Secretary HM Treasury 1
Martin Harper · Director of Global Conservation Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) 1
Mayor Philip Glanville · Member Local Government Association’s Environment, Economy, Housing and Transport Board 1
Mihai Coroi · Ecology Technical Principal Mott MacDonald 1
Nathalie Seddon · Professor of Biodiversity University of Oxford 1
Professor David Hill · Chairman Environment Bank 1
Professor Kathy Willis · Member Natural Capital Committee 1
Richard Pullen · Head of National Biodiversity Policy Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 1
Rt Hon Christopher Pincher MP · Minister for Housing Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government 1
Rt Hon George Eustice · Secretary of State Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 1
Simon Gallagher · Planning Director Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government 1
Steve Field · Director for Climate, Environment and Energy HM Treasury 1
The Rt Hon. the Lord Goldsmith of Richmond Park · Minister for the Pacific and the International En… Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 1
Tony Juniper · Chair Natural England 1

Correspondence

7 letters
DateDirectionTitle
24 Mar 2022 To cttee Letter from the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, rel…
3 Mar 2022 To cttee Letter from the Chair to the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural…
27 Jan 2022 Correspondence with the Minister of State (Minister for School Standards), Depa…
7 Jul 2021 To cttee Letter from the Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury, regarding the publication …
17 Mar 2021 To cttee Letter from the Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury to the Chair on water quali…
13 Nov 2020 To cttee Letter from Natural England re: funding and biodiversity
15 Oct 2020 To cttee Letter from EasyJet CEO to Chairman on additional points raised at meeting