Source · IMB Annual Report
Brixton
Year: 2025
Published: 23 Jan 2026
Type: Prison · Cat C
Population: 697
Recommendations: 5
Key concerns
Positive findings
HMP Brixton operated as an overcrowded Category C resettlement prison during the reporting year, with a population of 697 against a CNA of 530. The year was marked by preparations for a delayed re-role to Category B, which disrupted rehabilitation efforts. Positive developments included a reduction in self-harm, improved induction processes, and good staff-prisoner relations, alongside high-quality food provision. However, significant concerns persisted regarding drug availability, property loss, unlawful detentions, and the impact of the re-role on resettlement and purposeful activity.
Safety statistics
| Indicator | This year | Previous |
|---|---|---|
| Deaths in custody | 4 | — |
| Self-harm incidents | 277 | 351 |
| ACCT cases opened | 275 | — |
| Prisoner assaults | 277 | 301 |
| Assaults on staff | 83 | 100 |
| Use of force | 463 | 456 |
| Drug finds | 288 | 216 |
Positive findings
Arrangements for the reception and induction of men transferred from other prisons were improved. A 25% reduction in self-harm continued the previous year’s trend. The recruitment of a sufficient number of uniformed middle managers had been successfully completed, enabling each residential wing to have two custodial managers (CM), with consequent improvement to oversight. Food continued to be very good, receiving consistently high marks from prisoners and making the kitchen a finalist for prison catering team of the year. Staff and prisoner relations were generally observed to be good. Backlogs in induction and assessment were much improved, with 80-90% of men assigned to education or work within a week of arrival. The debt advisory service, piloted in Brixton and now extended to 13 other prisons, has supported 65 men. The Board welcomed staff training in dealing with neurodivergent prisoners, particularly for officers engaged in the use of force.
Key concerns
Substance Misuse
The ready availability of drugs had increasing impact through the year. The potency varied by the batch and this unpredictability resulted in men being found under the influence, emergency ambulance call-outs and a strain on healthcare and uniformed staff.
Regime/Time Out of Cell
Repeated
This was to have been the reporting period in which Brixton changed from a category C resettlement prison to a category B primarily serving the courts. Preparations for this change have impeded work to reduce reoffending within the nine pathways: in particular mental health, substance misuse, education and vocational training.
Resettlement/Release
Repeated
The decision to send to Brixton men with as little as 28 days left to serve impeded or negated a range of resettlement actions.
Other
Repeated
Property mislaid in transfer to Brixton has continued to cause distress to prisoners and wasted staff resources. From a sample of complaints we researched (5.7 below), we found unacceptable delays in recovering property and, when untraceable, in paying compensation for its loss.
Other
During the year, 11 men were unlawfully detained (UD), i.e. held after their release date. The Board considers this unjust: prisoners should be made aware of their right to compensation and the default action should be to make payment to them unless they sign a waiver.
Overcrowding
Repeated
Accommodation: The oldest wings of the prison, A and B, probably date from the first half of the 19th century. ... The toilet is about a metre from the bunk, on which prisoners sit to eat their meals. ... This is manifestly too crowded.
Estate/Conditions
Repeated
For many years, the prison has been short of space for single cells and interview rooms on the wings and for classrooms in the right location for activities.
Recommendations
| # | Recommendation | Addressee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
This was to have been the reporting period in which Brixton changed from a category C resettlement prison to a category B primarily serving the courts. Preparations for this change have impeded work to reduce reoffending within the nine pathways: in particular mental health, substance misuse, education and vocational training. Will the Minister take note that this falls short of the response he gave to last year’s report (3.3 below)?
Repeated
Response
I appreciate the Board’s concern that the uncertainty surrounding the timeline for HMP Brixton’s transition to a category B reception establishment impeded sustained delivery of programmes in mental health, substance misuse, education and vocational training but despite these pressures, no core rehabilitative pathways were withdrawn, although the compressed timeframes for many prisoners necessarily limited their ability to complete interventions. The Government remains committed to improving early assessment, stabilisation and pre‑release coordination, particularly for short‑stay and high‑churn populations. As HMP Brixton completes its transition and refurbishment, these improvements will support more consistent delivery from the point of arrival. I am grateful to the Board for its persistence on this matter and will continue to monitor progress closely. |
Other | In progress |
| 2 |
During the year, 11 men were unlawfully detained (UD), i.e. held after their release date. We have been told that UD compensation would be issued through HMPPS’s regional litigation teams if a legal claim is made by the individual and then assessed on a case-by-case basis by the presiding judge; and that HMPPS do not pay this by default. The Board considers this unjust: prisoners should be made aware of their right to compensation and the default action should be to make payment to them unless they sign a waiver. Will the Minister make this happen?
Response
You raise a serious concern regarding the 11 men who were unlawfully detained during the year. Any such error is unacceptable and I share your view that its impact on the individuals involved can be considerable. HMPPS is already implementing strengthened release-accuracy checks, more robust digital record keeping and enhanced oversight, as set out in the Deputy Prime Minister’s five point action plan. An independent inquiry will report further recommendations to reduce inaccuracies system-wide. On the Board’s proposal for automatic compensation, claims will continue to be assessed on a case-by-case basis. However, I welcome the notion that communication with affected prisoners could be improved and this will be explored further once Dame Lynne Owens’ review concludes. |
Other | Partial |
| 3 |
The decision to send to Brixton men with as little as 28 days left to serve impeded or negated a range of resettlement actions. Will the Prison Service take measures to avoid a repetition of this damage?
Repeated
Response
The increase in men transferred with 28 days or fewer left to serve arose from estate wide population pressures, including unprecedented remand levels that required temporary flexibility in allocation and transfer arrangements. Under normal national criteria, prisoners with fewer than 29 days remaining would complete their sentence in a reception establishment; however, operational necessity required a short-term adjustment to these thresholds. All core resettlement provision continued during this period. Induction screening, prioritised release planning and tailored interventions for individuals with specific risks or needs were used to mitigate disruption caused by the accelerated turnover. HMPPS is using learning from this period to ensure consistent application of national transfer rules as population pressures stabilise and as HMP Brixton completes its transition to a category B reception and resettlement prison. |
HMPPS | In progress |
| 4 |
Property mislaid in transfer to Brixton has continued to cause distress to prisoners and wasted staff resources. From a sample of complaints we researched (5.7 below), we found unacceptable delays in recovering property and, when untraceable, in paying compensation for its loss. Men are likely to have been released before either of these steps. We (from the prisoners’ money section within the prison) have no way of confirming that compensation was in fact paid after release. What steps will HMPPS take to remedy this?
Repeated
Response
Management of prisoner’s property remains a key operational priority. The revised Prisoner’s Property Framework introduced in November 2025 provides strengthened national processes for handling excess property, sealed bags, laundry and cell clearance documentation. Governors and senior leaders have been reminded on the operational requirements set out in the revised framework, including the need to maintain accurate records and to ensure that property complies with volumetric control limits. Property that falls within those limits, along with items exempt from them, such as legal papers will transfer with the prisoner when they move between establishments. Clear compliance with these requirements reduces the risk of items going missing and supports timely resolution where issues arise. The introduction of the digital Prisoner Escort Record provides auditable tracking of sealed property items during escort, improving the ability to resolve issues arising in transit. Only a small proportion of HMP Brixton’s property complaints over the past year related to escort arrangements. At establishment level, Governors are responsible for the timely investigation of property complaints and for arranging compensation in accordance with the HMPPS Finance Manual. HMPPS acknowledges that processing times can extend to around two months and is taking steps to strengthen accuracy and efficiency within reception operations. HMPPS will continue to monitor compliance with the revised framework and to support establishments in reducing delays and improving consistency in property management. |
HMPPS | In progress |
| 5 |
Given that in-cell phone calls cost more than calls outside prison, wages inside are low and men can only buy phone credit from their ‘spends’ account (which also covers canteen purchases) while being unable to use savings or private funds, what steps are being taken to ensure that emotionally vulnerable prisoners and those with overseas family can maintain essential contact without exhausting their allowances?
Repeated
Response
A range of communication methods are available across HMP Brixton to support contact between prisoners and their families. These include free video calls, two free letters each week and telephone calls that Governors may authorise at public expense in circumstances involving welfare needs, compassionate grounds, safeguarding concerns, family emergencies or mental health concerns. These arrangements also apply in situations where an individual does not have sufficient funds to make a call. Prisoners who are foreign nationals or who have close family members living overseas are entitled to a free five-minute telephone call within every four-week period when they have not received any social visits. Establishments are also expected to take account of significant time-zone differences by enabling telephone access outside standard hours when required to facilitate contact. The national policy on prisoner pay allows Governor’s discretion to provide additional financial support to individuals who are experiencing hardship. A one-off allocation of funding in 2024 was provided to all prisons to help support those who are most financially vulnerable and establishments determined locally how best to distribute this resource in line with operational priorities. At HMP Brixton, local arrangements within the Incentives policy enable additional flexibility for those with specific communication needs, including individuals who require more frequent contact due to emotional vulnerability or family circumstances overseas. Staff monitor vulnerability through structured processes such as the ACCT, the Challenge, Support and Intervention Plan process and weekly Safety Intervention Meetings. These mechanisms ensure that individuals who require additional support with communication are identified promptly and can access appropriate arrangements. HMPPS continues to review the operation of communication systems across the estate to ensure that they remain accessible, safe and proportionate while reflecting the financial pressures that some individuals may face. |
HMPPS | In progress |
Applications to the IMB
| Category | Current | Previous |
|---|---|---|
| Accommodation (including transfers) | 45 | 38 |
| Discipline (adjudications, release on temporary licence, HDC) | 67 | 51 |
| Discrimination | 11 | 14 |
| Finance (pay, private money, property, canteen, compensation) | 112 | 107 |
| Healthcare | 24 | 48 |
| Other | 6 | 7 |
| Programmes, education, activities, work | 19 | 13 |
| Safety (including staff treatment, violence, bullying, self-harm) | 27 | 30 |
| Total | 339 | 340 |
| Visits and correspondence | 28 | 32 |
Related inspections & investigations
3 Mar 2025
HMIP · IRP
4 Jun 2024
HMIP · Unannounced
Safety 2
· Respect 2
· Activity 1
· Release 1
Other reports for Brixton
Report details
- Establishment
- Brixton
- Type
- Prison · Cat C
- Report year
- 2025
- Published
- 23 January 2026
- Responsible body
- HMP Brixton
- Recommendations
- 5
- MoJ rating (2024/25)
- 1 — Serious concern
Population
| Population | 697 |
| Operational capacity | 763 |
| CNA (designed for) | 530 132% |
Service providers
Education and Training
Novus
Education and Training Subcontractor
Bounce Back
Employment/Training, Information, Advice, and Guidance (IAG)
Prospects (part of the Shaw Trust)
Escort Contractor
Serco
Healthcare
Practice Plus Group (PPG)
Healthcare Subcontractor (Mental Health)
Barnet, Enfield and Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust (BEH)
Housing
St Mungo’s
Library
Lambeth Council
Literacy Support
Shannon Trust
Maintenance and Kitchen
Mitie
Media
National Prison Radio
Probation Service
Probation Service (PS)
Restaurant
The Clink Restaurant
Substance Misuse and Wellbeing
Forward Trust (FT)
Visitors’ Centre and Work with Families and Children
Prison Advice and Care Trust (PACT)
Work and Benefits
Jobcentre Plus (JCP)