Source · Prevention of Future Deaths

Joan Whitworth

Ref: 2025-0390 Date: 29 Jul 2025 Coroner: Andrew Hetherington Area: Northumberland Responses identified: 2 / 2 View PDF

There were inadequate Speech and Language Therapy assessments, significant gaps in staff training for Basic Life Support, first aid, and nutritional assessments, and catering staff were unaware of resident dietary restrictions, posing risks to resident safety.

Date 29 Jul 2025
56-day deadline 23 Sep 2025
Responses identified 2 of 2
Care Home Health related deaths

Coroner's concerns

AI summary
There were inadequate Speech and Language Therapy assessments, significant gaps in staff training for Basic Life Support, first aid, and nutritional assessments, and catering staff were unaware of resident dietary restrictions, posing risks to resident safety.
View full coroner's concerns
[BRIEF SUMMARY OF MATTERS OF CONCERN] TO NORTHUMBRIA HEALTHCARE NHS FOUNDATION TRUST - SPEECH AND LANGUAGE THERAPY
1. Whilst pertinent information was not provided to SALT, I am concerned that at assessment on 21 February 2023 there was no reliance upon the information provided in the referral to SALT which identified a concern for her swallow, coughing, weight loss choking. Instead the assessment was based on the verbal account of a member of care home staff. There was no observation of the deceased eating and there was no inspection of her care records. TO HILLCARE GROUP - OPERATORS OF OAKS CARE HOME, BLYTH
2. Basic Life Support and First Aid at Work I am concerned that a Registered General Nurse and a Senior Care Assistant were not in date with their training in Basic Life Support and First Aid at Work. I am further concerned that it could not be confirmed if an Agency Care Worker was up to date with their training in Basic Life Support and First Aid at Work.
3. Training I am concerned that a Senior Care Assistant could not recall having received any formal training in the preparation of Care Plans, no training on MUST or calculating BMI yet was completing care plans and documents. I am further concerned than when the Senior Care Assistant completed the Nutritional Risk Assessment, on three dates the deceased was identified as high risk yet there was no referral to the GP, dietician or consideration of referral to SALT. I am concerned that in the absence of training there was not an understanding of the assessment.

4. Agency staff - induction I am concerned that an agency member of staff remained in the dining room and was last seen standing next to the alarm bell cord. The care assistant did not intervene immediately when the deceased showed signs of choking and instead sought help. I am further concerned that it could not be confirmed if the agency staff had undergone an induction.
5. Normal Diet IDDSI L7 easy chew and to avoid difficult textures. I am concerned that a chef in evidence at the inquest was not aware that breaded fish was not a suitable food stuff in the diet identified for the deceased. I am concerned that other residents could be fed inappropriate food stuffs that are not in line with their identified diet plans.

Responses

2 respondents
Hill Care Group
21 Sep 2025 PDF
Action Taken

Hill Care Group has changed the electronic platform to record staff training, adding an alert function and automated compliance reports for the Home Manager. They have also added additional checks to governance systems, and revised agency worker check process including skills and training. (AI summary)

View full response
Dear Sir, Re Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths In response to your report to prevent future deaths dated 29 July 2025 following the inquest of Joan Whitworth; please find below the actions taken in relation to the Matters of Concern:
1. Basic Life Support and First Aid at Work Concerns related to a Registered General Nurse and a Senior care Assistant not being in date with their training in Basic Life Support and First Aid at Work There was a further concern listed that meant it could not be confirmed ifan agency care worker was up to date with their training in these areas: Actions Taken: la. We have changed the electronic platform on which we record staff training since the death of Joan Whitworth in March 2023. new platform offers an additional function in that it will alert the staff member when training is due to expire, meaning timely reminders and arrangements for refresher training can take place: Further to this, an automated report has been scheduled for the Home Manager to receive a compliance report at the same time each week in order that are fully aware of training that is nearing expiry and can therefore remind staff to complete promptly. Status In place 1b. We have added additional checks to our governance systems meaning that Regional Managers will also check for compliance with mandatory training (that includes refresher training) as part of their role_ Status In place 1c: With regard to the agency care worker, we have reviewed the system by which we check the skills and training credentials of agency workers. Profiles for workers are now received and checked for each care worker prior to their shift; this now includes the training they have completed and the dates of completion Since the inquest, we have reiterated with our agency staff supplier the mandatory training that is required of their workers that this must be kept up to date_ Hill Care Holdings Limited Registered Office: 91-97 Saltergate. Chesterfield Derbyshire, S40 ILA. Registered in England 08902865 The they and

Status In place 1d. We have reissued Basic Life Support and IDDSI/Dysphagia training to all staff on the electronic system and have allocated a specific timeframe in which this training is to be completed. All staff will have completed face to face emergency first aid training by 14th October 2025_ Status In progress with a completion date of 14.10.2025 1e. We have developed and issued a competency assessment to check staff knowledge of IDDSI diets_ Status- In place and to be completed by all staff by 30.9.25
2. Training Concerns related to a Senior Care Assistant not being able to recall having received formal training in the preparation of care plans, no training on MUST or calculating BMI; was completing care plans and documents. A further concern was listed regarding identification of high risk on the Nutritional Risk Assessment on three prior dates with no referral made to the GP, dietician or consideration of referral to SALT, and that in the absence of training; there was not an understanding of the assessment. Actions Taken: Za. We can confirm that the Senior Care Assistant had received training as she had previously undertaken a week Care Home Assistant Practitioner (CHAP) course: However, we acknowledge that measures were not in place to verify knowledge, nor was a schedule of refresher training in place to ensure she felt confident to carry out assessments and develop care plans. As a result of this, we have reviewed the content of the training that we deliver and have a plan for our internal quality improvement team to deliver training on assessments to nurses and senior care assistants as refresher to build this into our training programme to be repeated on a 3 year cycle: We will monitor this schedule using our electronic training platform. Status In progress. Deadline for completion 31.10.2025
3. Agency Staff Induction Concerns are raised that an agency member of staff remained in the dining room and was last seen standing next to the alarm bell cord: The care assistant did not intervene immediately when the deceased showed signs of choking and instead sought help. There is a further concern that it could not be confirmed if the agency staff had undergone an induction_ Actions taken: 3a. We have reviewed the induction forms for all agency roles that we use in our homes to ensure that they capture information that allows us to see that agency care assistants have up-to-date first aid training: For agency senior care assistants and nurses we have modified our form to ensure we check that mandatory training is in place and in date, and that residents modified diets are discussed and the worker is aware of IDDSI and nutritional report that is reviewed daily. Hill Care Holdings Limited Registered Oiice: 91-97 Saltergale. Cheslerfield , Derbyshire. 540 ILA Registered in England 08902865 yet 12 and the

Status In place. New forms implemented on 11.9.25 Normal Diet IDDSI L7 easy chew and to avoid difficult textures Concerns were noted that a chef in evidence at the inquest was not aware that breaded fish was not suitable food stuff in the diet identified for the deceased A further concern is identified in that other residents could be fed inappropriate food stuffs that are not in line with their identified diet plans: Actions taken: 4a. A specialist IDDSI training provider has been sourced and face to face training in preparation of modified foods is being delivered to all Hill Care Cooks and Chefs between the dates 13 September 2025 and 22 October 2025. This training will give chefs and cooks the opportunity to practically prepare meals of different consistencies and further their knowledge regarding appropriate and inappropriate foods for specific IDDSI level diets. The chef and cook at The Oaks attend on September and 24th September 2025_ 4b. We have developed and introduced a competency assessment to all members ofthe catering team: Status Completed 4c. We have introduced a reference sheet which highlights every residents' IDDSI level and additional nutritional needs which is available to all staff on each serving trolley: This form is reviewed at the daily 'flash' meeting to ensure that changes in need are documented without delay: Status Completed 4d. Following the death of Mrs Whitworth, we introduced a safety pause before meal times. This consists of the senior person on duty confirming that the team within the dining room are aware of any special diets and that the kitchen have provided the correct diet: The Regional Managers observe this to monitor practice when the visit the home__ Status Completed We trust that these measures are sufficient to satisfy your concerns_
Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust NHS / Health Body
22 Sep 2025 PDF
Action Planned

The Trust is developing a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), expected to be completed by October 2025, to guide staff in clarifying discrepancies in referrals by requesting key documents from Care Home staff and specifying clinical triggers for face-to-face assessments. (AI summary)

View full response
Dear Mr Hetherington

Re: Report to Prevent Future Deaths – Inquest touching the death of Joan Whitworth

I am writing to you in response to the Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths (PFD) served on Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust ("the Trust") on 28 July 2025, following the inquest into the death of Joan Whitworth.

Your report was also sent to the Hillcare Group (operators of the Oaks Care Home). I am writing to provide you with the Trust response to your concerns. For ease of reference, I have split your concern down into the below, constituent parts; the referral and the assessment itself.

Concern 1: There was no reliance upon the information provided in the referral to SALT [Speech and Language Therapy] which identified a concern for Mrs Whitworth's swallow, coughing, weight loss, choking. The SALT assessment was based on the verbal account of a member of care home staff.

The referral was made to Speech and Language Therapy by a duty worker from Adult Social Care. Ms Whitworth was described in the referral as having advanced dementia. The referral was

prioritised by the Trust SALT team as ‘low priority’ (according to Northumbria Healthcare Foundation Trust (NHCT) SALT departmental prioritisation criteria) due to the description provided of Ms Whitworth’s eating and drinking difficulties and associated risk level. The referral stated that she did not want to swallow lumpy food and that she spat out food and drinks. These are common, often behavioural, issues associated with advanced dementia and not an indication of an Oro-pharyngeal dysphagia. The referral also states that there had been no episodes of choking. In addition, there had been no direct correspondence from care home staff to raise concerns, seek advice or request an urgent appointment.

As it was stated on the referral that Ms Whitworth was frail, had experienced a recent chest infection(s) and that there was increased / frequent coughing, further information was sought from a long-standing and experienced Registered Nurse involved in Ms Whitworth’s day to day care at The Oaks Care Home. The Registered Nurse indicated that Ms Whitworth had no swallowing difficulties, coughing or choking episodes and that staff had placed Ms Whitworth on a softer diet due to being unwell. This information, combined with the referral information indicating a protracted oral stage of eating and not a dysphagia, resulted in further face to face assessment not being indicated.

Although the SALT was informed that staff had no concerns regarding Ms Whitworth's ability to swallow, the Trust accept that there was a discrepancy in the information on the referral and the account of care home staff.

Following the death of Ms Whitworth and extensive discussion within the wider SALT team, it is acknowledged that changes could be made to the electronic referral form, to encourage more detailed information from the referrer. These changes, which were referred to during the inquest, are due to come into effect in October 2025.

The planned changes to the electronic referral form can now be detailed as follows:

1. The question ‘Is there increased / frequent coughing?’ will be replaced with ‘Is there increased / frequent coughing on food and/or fluids? and ‘who observed this?’ will be added.

In Ms Whitworth’s referral, the answer to this question was ‘yes’ on the referral form, however, further discussion with Care Home staff, identified the coughing was likely due to a viral infection and/or Ms Whitworth’s recent illness.

2. Following the three questions in the online referral form that would indicate a dysphagia (below), a mandatory text box will be inserted to allow and ensure the referrer adds further detail.

• Increased / Frequent coughing on food and/or fluids?
• Frequent chest infections?
• Has there been any choking episodes?

3. Information on Next of Kin and / or Lasting Power of Attorney (LPA) will be requested on the referral form as mandatory, to ensure that SALT will be aware and agree with Care Home staff who will take responsibility for ensuring the Next of Kin/LPA are updated following SALT proxy or face to face assessment (where this is indicated and appropriate).

Concern 2: There was no observation of the Deceased eating and there was no inspection of her care records.

The current expectation and guidance on dysphagia assessments within the Trust and/or nationally is set out in the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists guidance, and all SALT staff have undergone robust dysphagia training, which is a post-graduation qualification.

dysphagia-in-care-homes.pdf provides key strategic information, evidence and guidance to support discussions with service providers aimed at supporting identification of needs. Eating, drinking and swallowing guidance | RCSLT provides guidance for SALT in the assessment and management of people with eating, drinking and/or swallowing difficulties.

Within Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust SALT Department Traffic Light Guidance for Managing Dysphagia in a care home setting (shared with all Care Homes) identifies SALT referral criteria and is based on the above national guidance.

In Ms Whitworth’s case referral information, it was indicated that she had increased coughing and recent chest infection(s), which met the threshold for referral to SALT. Further discussion with Care Home staff identified that the increased coughing was likely due to a viral infection and / or Ms Whitworth's recent illness. This updated information meant the referral did not meet threshold for face-to-face assessment (as per Traffic Light Guidance).

Following Ms Whitworth's death and discussion of the learning from this case, in relation to discrepancies in referral information versus verbal reports, a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is in development by the SALT department, which is due for sign off and completion by October 2025. This SOP will guide staff to seek clarification of any discrepancies, through requesting key documents from Care Home staff. In these instances, SALT staff will ask the Care Home staff to provide the following:

• The Care Home Eating and Drinking Care Plan within the last 3 months; and / or
• Choking Incident Risk Assessment within the last 3 months; and / or
• The Dietary Intake diary for the last 2 weeks, including notes on swallowing ability.

In relation to face to face assessment, the SOP will also specify 3 clinical triggers, any one of which would indicate a face-to-face assessment is required.

• Increased / Frequent coughing on food and/or fluids;
• Frequent chest infections; or
• Has there been any choking episodes.

These 3 clinical triggers are also the questions that will be changed in the SALT referral form to ensure more information is provided from the outset.

The SOP also includes prompts to establish with Care Home staff who will liaise with the family (where applicable) about the outcome of assessment and ensure the member of Care Home staff understands the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) level being recommended.

In Ms Whitworth's case, had any concerns been raised regarding her swallow, or incidences of coughing or choking on food/fluids, the SALT would have progressed to a face-to-face assessment at that time. It should be noted that most patients referred to the SALT service, are seen for a mealtime observation, unless no dysphagia is outlined to the SALT involved with their care.

As a Trust, the safety and wellbeing of those we provide service to is paramount and despite the unfortunate circumstances in which your concerns have arisen, we welcome the opportunity His Majesty's Coroner has provided for us to further address the above issues.

Report sections

Investigation and inquest
On 7 March 2023 I commenced an investigation into the death of Joan WHITWORTH. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest . The conclusion of the inquest was: Died in a care home as a result of choking caused by massive aspiration.
Circumstances of the death
Joan Whitworth was a resident at the Oaks Care Home, Blyth. She was diagnosed with advanced dementia. She required support with daily living and had a Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (DNACPR) order in place. On 19 January 2023 Adult Social Care referred her to Speech and Language Therapy (SALT) due to concern about her swallowing and/or behaviour. The referral lacked pertinent information. The SALT assessment carried out on 21 February 2023 did not include direct observation of her eating or review of her care records. Instead the assessment was based on the verbal account of a member of care home staff. She was assessed as Normal Diet IDDSI L7 easy chew and to avoid difficult textures. It is possible that had more comprehensive information been considered a modified diet or additional risk reduction measures could have been considered. On 3 March 2023 within a ground floor dining room of Oaks Care Home, Blyth her meal was prepared in a way that did not comply with her diet plan. She began to experience symptoms of choking as a result of massive aspiration of which she was at risk of. The care assistant did not intervene immediately and instead sought help. Another member of staff arrived and provided back slaps and attempted abdominal thrusts that could not be completed as the deceased was in her wheelchair. The deceased became cyanosed and unresponsive. No CPR was undertaken due to the inaccurate understanding of a registered nurse and the policy in place did not differentiate between DNACPR and possible reversible conditions such as choking. Effective resuscitation would have required advanced airway suction due to the massive aspiration. The equipment was not available and is unlikely to have altered the outcome. She died within Oaks Care Home, Blyth on 3 March 2023 at approximately 14.49 hours.
Action should be taken
In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you Hillcare Group operators of Oaks Care Home, Blyth Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundatuon Trust - Speech and Language Therapy have the power to take such action.

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Report details

Reference
2025-0390
Date of report
29 July 2025
Coroner
Andrew Hetherington
Coroner area
Northumberland

Responses identified

Responses identified 2 of 2
All listed responses identified

Organisations named in PFD reports are normally expected to respond within 56 days. Deadline: 23 Sep 2025.

Sent to

Hillcare Group
Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

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