Public Inquiry

Fingerprint Inquiry

Completed · Chair: Sir Anthony Campbell · Established June 2009 · Commissioned by Scottish Government

Scottish inquiry into the Shirley McKie fingerprint case, examining fingerprint evidence and expert testimony.

Where it stands

Public hearings were held on 24 days between June 2009 and November 2009.

The Fingerprint Inquiry Report was published on 14 December 2011.

The most recent government response on the record is Scottish Police Services Authority welcomes findings of Fingerprint Inquiry, dated 14 December 2011.

78 of the 86 recommendations tracked here have no government response on the record yet.

Government response (86 recommendations)

Delivery (the addressees’ latest statements)

  • No statement from the addressee found in the sources searched 78
  • No statement from SPA Forensic Services found in the sources searched 5
  • No statement from COPFS found in the sources searched 1
  • No statement from Scottish Government found in the sources searched 1
  • Scottish Police Authority says in progress 1

Blanket response: The Scottish Government's news release of 14 December 2011, the day the report was published, is its only published statement on the recommendations. Its one sentence about them is given for all of them together and states no position. The Scottish Police Services Authority's release of the same day accepts "all of the recommendations made of it by the Inquiry" without listing them; the site records that on the recommendations addressed to its forensic service. The Authority no longer exists, and the site files its words under the Scottish Police Authority, which took over its forensic services in 2013.

Record checked against the sources 18 June 2026. Latest activity 14 December 2011.

Latest on the recommendations

All 86 recommendations

Reports

Reports and timeline

Recent milestones

  • Final Report Published14 December 2011
  • Evidence hearings concluded27 November 2009
  • Evidence hearings began2 June 2009
Full timeline

Costs

£4,800,000

Reported cost Costs in detail

Recommendations

2 shown (filtered)
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FP1: Fingerprint evidence as opinion

Noted · No statement from Scottish Government found

Recommended

Fingerprint evidence should be recognised as opinion evidence, not fact, and those involved in the criminal justice system need to assess it as such on its merits.

Since then (summary written by this site)

The Inquiry recommended treating fingerprint evidence as opinion rather than fact in criminal proceedings. In December 2011, Justice Secretary Kenny MacAskill stated that advances had occurred in forensic services and expressed confidence that the recommendations would enhance them, without mentioning fingerprint evidence or its assessment on its merits (Kenny MacAskill response, Dec 2011).

Addressed to Scottish Government · Full record

FP66: Unable to exclude findings

Noted · No statement from COPFS found

Recommended

Before a finding of ‘unable to exclude’ is led in evidence, careful consideration will require to be given to (a) the types of mark for which such a finding is meaningful and (b) the proper interpretation of the finding. An examiner led in evidence to support such a finding will require to give a careful explanation of its limitations.

Since then (summary written by this site)

The Inquiry asked prosecutors to evaluate 'unable to exclude' fingerprint findings before leading them in court. In December 2011, Kenny MacAskill, Justice Secretary, stated in a Scottish Government news release that there had been significant advances in the delivery of Scotland's forensic services since the McKie case (Kenny MacAskill response, Dec 2011). The Minister added that he was confident the recommendations from the Inquiry would "further enhance these services" (Kenny MacAskill response, Dec 2011). The record holds nothing dated later than the response of December 2011 (Kenny MacAskill response, Dec 2011).

Addressed to COPFS · Full record

Reports and timeline

Timeline

Inquiry Announced

Source

First preliminary hearing

Source

Inquiry Established

Evidence hearings began

Source

Evidence hearings concluded

Source

Final Report Published

Evidence & impact

AI-generated · 26 Mar 2026
The Fingerprint Inquiry, chaired by Sir Anthony Campbell, was established in June 2009 and reported in December 2011. The inquiry made nine recommendations concerning fingerprint identification services in Scotland. On 15 December 2011, the day after publication, Justice Secretary Kenny MacAskill announced that the Scottish Government accepted all nine recommendations. MacAskill expressed confidence that the recommendations would enhance fingerprint services, and indicated that the Scottish Police Services Authority would draw up an action plan to implement improvements before integration into the new Police Scotland in 2013.

Despite this initial acceptance, the available public record contains no evidence of progress on any of the nine recommendations. No progress updates have been recorded, no implementation reviews have been documented, and no legislation has been identified as resulting from the inquiry. The government's response noted that an action plan would be developed by the Scottish Police Services Authority, but no subsequent information about this plan or its execution appears in the available evidence.

The absence of documented progress is notable given that more than a decade has passed since the inquiry reported. While the Scottish Government's immediate acceptance of all recommendations suggested commitment to reform, the lack of any recorded follow-up activity means it is not possible to determine from the available evidence whether any of the inquiry's recommendations have been acted upon. This pattern of accepting recommendations without documented follow-through raises questions about the effectiveness of the inquiry process in achieving its intended reforms to Scotland's fingerprint identification services.
Reforms attributed to this inquiry · AI-generatedNone identified in the available evidence
Unfinished business · AI-generated- All nine recommendations accepted by the Scottish Government lack published evidence of subsequent action
- No progress updates have been recorded for any of the inquiry's recommendations
- No implementation reviews have been documented
- No legislation resulting from the inquiry has been identified in the public record

Key facts

Duration: 2 years, 6 months Total reported cost: £4.8m