Public Inquiry

Infected Blood Inquiry

Completed · Chair: Sir Brian Langstaff · Established September 2018 · Commissioned by Cabinet Office

Examining how thousands of NHS patients were infected with HIV and Hepatitis C through contaminated blood products in the 1970s and 1980s.

More about this inquiry

Examining how thousands of NHS patients were infected with HIV and Hepatitis C through contaminated blood products in the 1970s and 1980s. Found the scandal could largely have been avoided and victims were failed by the NHS, government, and blood services. The Infected Blood Compensation Authority (IBCA) is administering compensation and publishes registration and payment progress statistics roughly every fortnight (see below). On 14 April 2026 the Government published its response to consultation on proposed changes to the Scheme (CP 1565), announcing approximately £1bn in additional compensation payments on top of the £11.8bn allocated in the 2024 Autumn Budget, with regulations to follow later in 2026.

IBCA compensation progress. The Infected Blood Compensation Authority publishes registration and compensation progress statistics roughly every fortnight.

View the latest IBCA statistics ↗

Where it stands

Public hearings were held on 294 days between September 2018 and July 2025.

The inquiry has published 4 reports, most recently Additional Report on Compensation on 9 July 2025.

The most recent government response on the record is Infected Blood Inquiry Additional Report Government Response, dated 21 July 2025.

Government response (103 recommendations)

Delivery (the addressees’ latest statements)

  • No statement from UK Government found in the sources searched 52
  • Cabinet Office says in progress 13
  • Scottish Government says in progress 10
  • Department of Health and Social Care says in progress 6
  • No statement from Infected Blood Compensation Authority found in the sources searched 5
  • Infected Blood Compensation Authority says in progress 4
  • Cabinet Office says completed 3
  • Infected Blood Memorial Committee says in progress 3
  • No statement from NHS England or UK Government found in the sources searched 2
  • UK Government says completed 2
  • Cabinet Office says partially delivered 1
  • Department of Health NI says in progress 1
  • Welsh Government says in progress 1

Record checked against the sources 11 June 2026. Latest activity 16 September 2026.

Latest on the recommendations

All 103 recommendations

Reports

Reports and timeline

Recent milestones

  • Government Response to Additional Report21 July 2025
  • Additional Report on Compensation9 July 2025
  • First Payments Made1 December 2024
Full timeline

Costs

£146,162,778

Total reported cost to March 2025 Costs in detail

Parliament

394

mentions in Parliament Parliamentary activity

Recommendations

1 shown (filtered)
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IR1-1: Interim Compensation Payments

Accepted · No statement from UK Government found

Recommended

An interim payment, of no less than £100,000, should be paid to all those infected and all bereaved partners currently registered with any of the four UK infected blood support schemes, as well as those registering ahead of the inception of a future compensation scheme.

Since then (summary written by this site)

In August 2022, Michael Ellis, HM Paymaster General and Minister for the Cabinet Office, confirmed that the UK Government accepted the recommendation in full, stating that it was a priority and that it intended to make the interim compensation payments by the end of October 2022 (Michael Ellis response, Aug 2022). The record holds no update since the UK Government's response of August 2022 (Michael Ellis response, Aug 2022).

Addressed to UK Government · Full record

Reports and timeline

Reports

Timeline

Inquiry Announced

Prime Minister Theresa May announced a public inquiry.

Source

Chair Appointed

Sir Brian Langstaff appointed as Chair.

Terms of Reference Set

Terms of Reference published.

Source

Hearings Begin

Public hearings commenced.

First Interim Report

Source

Second Interim Report

Second interim report with further compensation recommendations.

Last evidence hearing before the final report

Source

Final Report Published

Final report published finding decades of cover-up.

Source

Show all 13 milestones

Government Apology

Prime Minister issued full apology in Parliament.

Source

Compensation Scheme Opens

Infected Blood Compensation Scheme formally established.

First Payments Made

First compensation payments made to eligible infected persons.

Additional Report on Compensation

Sir Brian Langstaff published a further report focused on compensation, additional to the 20 May 2024 Inquiry Report.

Source

Government Response to Additional Report

Government published its response to the Inquiry's Additional Report on Compensation.

Source

Costs

Total reported cost: £146,162,778
Period Total Inquiry legal CP legal Source
Mar 2025 (cum.) £146,162,778 £67,290,993 £27,242,761

Total Expenditure April 2018 - March 2025

Source and qualifications

Accounting period: 1 Apr 2018 to 31 Mar 2025.

Cumulative total over 7 years. Investigation team (41.5% of total) includes paralegals, investigators and lawyers working on the Inquiry. Participant support includes travel and psychological support for core participants.

Total Expenditure April 2018 - March 2025

Mar 2025 £5,511,059 £1,514,906 £603,277

Financial Report 2024-25

Source and qualifications

Accounting period: 1 Apr 2024 to 31 Mar 2025.

Annual expenditure. Inquiry Legal includes Counsel (barristers) and Investigation team (paralegals, investigators, lawyers). Other includes Hearings/Report publication, Travel, and Experts.

Financial Report 2024-25

Mar 2024 £10,301,344 £5,354,237 £937,131

Financial Report 2023-24

Source and qualifications

Accounting period: 1 Apr 2023 to 31 Mar 2024.

Annual expenditure. Inquiry Legal includes Counsel (barristers) and Investigation team (paralegals, investigators, lawyers). Other includes Hearings/Report publication, Travel, and Experts.

Financial Report 2023-24

Mar 2023 £28,254,992 £11,694,492 £7,154,110

Financial Report 2022-23

Source and qualifications

Accounting period: 1 Apr 2022 to 31 Mar 2023.

Annual expenditure. Inquiry Legal includes Counsel (barristers) and Investigation team (paralegals, investigators, lawyers). Other includes Hearings/Report publication, Travel, and Experts.

Financial Report 2022-23

Mar 2022 £32,522,939 £15,491,533 £5,778,813

Financial Report 2021-22

Source and qualifications

Accounting period: 1 Apr 2021 to 31 Mar 2022.

Annual expenditure. Inquiry Legal includes Counsel (barristers) and Investigation team (paralegals, investigators, lawyers). Other includes Hearings/Report publication, Travel, and Experts.

Financial Report 2021-22

Mar 2021 £34,270,948 £20,797,365 £4,505,612

Financial Report 2020-21

Source and qualifications

Accounting period: 1 Apr 2020 to 31 Mar 2021.

Annual expenditure. Inquiry Legal includes Counsel (barristers) and Investigation team (paralegals, investigators, lawyers). Other includes Hearings/Report publication, Travel, and Experts.

Financial Report 2020-21

Mar 2020 £25,992,907 £9,959,119 £5,742,876

Financial Report 2019-20

Source and qualifications

Accounting period: 1 Apr 2019 to 31 Mar 2020.

Annual expenditure. Inquiry Legal includes Counsel (barristers) and Investigation team (paralegals, investigators, lawyers). Other includes Hearings/Report publication, Travel, and Experts.

Financial Report 2019-20

Mar 2019 £9,308,693 £2,479,341 £2,520,943

Financial Report 2018-19

Source and qualifications

Accounting period: 1 Apr 2018 to 31 Mar 2019.

Annual expenditure. Inquiry Legal includes Counsel (barristers) and Investigation team (paralegals, investigators, lawyers). Other includes Hearings/Report publication, Travel, and Experts.

Financial Report 2018-19

1 Apr 2018 – 31 Mar 2025 · Total Expenditure April 2018 - March 2025

Total Expenditure April 2018 - March 2025

Source and qualifications

Accounting period: 1 Apr 2018 to 31 Mar 2025.

Cumulative total over 7 years. Investigation team (41.5% of total) includes paralegals, investigators and lawyers working on the Inquiry. Participant support includes travel and psychological support for core participants.

Total Expenditure April 2018 - March 2025

Detailed cost breakdown · to Mar 2025
Inquiry legal costs
£67,290,993
Core participant legal costs
£27,242,761
Staff
£12,394,166
Accommodation
£7,767,036
Technology
£8,536,884
Safeguarding
£1,496,720
Other
£21,434,218

Parliamentary activity

394 mentions since Mar 1990
52 debates 294 questions 40 statements

Infected Blood Compensation Scheme

Written Question House of Lords Lord Patten · Conservative

Asked: To ask His Majesty's Government, further to the Written Answer by Baroness Twycross on 16 September (HL3026), when they last reviewed their decision to ask the Infected Blood Delivery Authority to decide the rate of compensation payments.

Answered by Cabinet Office: As recommended by the Infected Blood Inquiry, the Infected Blood Compensation Authority (IBCA) has operational independence from the Government. IBCA’s Board takes decisions on the organisation’s progress and performance, and publishes recordings and minutes of its meetings. Whilst the roll out of the Scheme is an operational decision for IBCA as an independent body, I fully support its commitment to …

Coroners

Written Question House of Commons Chris Coghlan · Liberal Democrat

Asked: To ask the Secretary of State for Justice, how many Prevention of Future Death reports received by the government have outstanding responses.

Answered by Ministry of Justice: Coroners do not make recommendations as part of their inquest findings. However, where a coroner investigation gives rise to a concern that circumstances creating a risk of other deaths will occur, or will continue to exist, in the future, and the coroner considers that action should be taken to prevent future deaths, they have a statutory duty to issue a …

Coroners

Written Question House of Commons Chris Coghlan · Liberal Democrat

Asked: To ask the Secretary of State for Justice, a) if his Department plans to introduce a National Learning from Deaths Strategy, and b) if he will meet with Dr Georgia Richards of King’s College London to discuss the work of the Preventable Deaths Tracker and …

Answered by Ministry of Justice: Coroners do not make recommendations as part of their inquest findings. However, where a coroner investigation gives rise to a concern that circumstances creating a risk of other deaths will occur, or will continue to exist, in the future, and the coroner considers that action should be taken to prevent future deaths, they have a statutory duty to issue a …

Coroners

Written Question House of Commons Chris Coghlan · Liberal Democrat

Asked: To ask the Secretary of State for Justice, what assessment his Department has made of the recommendations arising from coroners' inquests.

Answered by Ministry of Justice: Coroners do not make recommendations as part of their inquest findings. However, where a coroner investigation gives rise to a concern that circumstances creating a risk of other deaths will occur, or will continue to exist, in the future, and the coroner considers that action should be taken to prevent future deaths, they have a statutory duty to issue a …

Coroners

Written Question House of Commons Chris Coghlan · Liberal Democrat

Asked: To ask the Secretary of State for Justice, how many Prevention of Future Death reports the government has received since 2013 broken down by Department.

Answered by Ministry of Justice: Coroners do not make recommendations as part of their inquest findings. However, where a coroner investigation gives rise to a concern that circumstances creating a risk of other deaths will occur, or will continue to exist, in the future, and the coroner considers that action should be taken to prevent future deaths, they have a statutory duty to issue a …

Coroners

Written Question House of Commons Chris Coghlan · Liberal Democrat

Asked: To ask the Secretary of State for Justice, what steps have been taken in response to receiving Prevention of Future Death reports.

Answered by Ministry of Justice: Coroners do not make recommendations as part of their inquest findings. However, where a coroner investigation gives rise to a concern that circumstances creating a risk of other deaths will occur, or will continue to exist, in the future, and the coroner considers that action should be taken to prevent future deaths, they have a statutory duty to issue a …

Blood: Contamination

Written Question House of Commons Nick Timothy · Conservative

Asked: To ask the Minister for the Cabinet Office, how many prosecutions have been brought in connection with the infected blood scandal; and if he will make a statement.

Answered by Cabinet Office: Whether individuals are prosecuted is rightly a matter for the Crown Prosecution Service and is independent of Government. Given the nationwide scope of the Infected Blood Inquiry, the National Police Chiefs’ Council (NPCC) has engaged experienced senior investigators to conduct a review of available evidence. Since the review began following the Infected Blood Inquiry’s May 2024 report, the NPCC has …

Infected Blood Compensation Scheme

Written Question House of Lords Lord Patten · Conservative

Asked: To ask His Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of the rate of compensation being delivered by the Infected Blood Delivery Authority to those affected.

Answered by Cabinet Office: HMG has regular engagement with IBCA to discuss progress. However, the delivery of compensation is a matter for the Infected Blood Compensation Authority (IBCA), which has opened its service to all cohorts including affected people. IBCA is contacting people across all cohorts in line with the prioritisation criteria recommended by the Infected Blood Inquiry in its July 2025 Additional Report. …

View all 394 mentions →

Findings about the inquiry's recommendations as a whole

Sir Brian Langstaff (oral evidence to PACAC) (30 Jun 2026)
This site's summary of the finding: Giving oral evidence to the Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee on 30 June 2026, Sir Brian Langstaff said of the recommendations that followed the Inquiry's second set of hearings, on compensation (the Additional Report): "We made recommendations that have all been accepted. Some are subject to consultation; they are really recommendations to be consulted about with a view to taking a different approach. That has been done."
Infected Blood Inquiry (Chair, Sir Brian Langstaff) (31 Mar 2026)
This site's summary of the finding: In the annex to his letter of 31 March 2026 to the Minister for the Cabinet Office notifying the end of the Inquiry, Sir Brian Langstaff, its Chair, wrote: "I acknowledge, here, that the Government accepted all the recommendations in the Infected Blood Inquiry Report, but some “in principle”, for just this reason."
Scottish Government (Oversight and Assurance Group minutes) (24 Mar 2026)
This site's summary of the finding: The minutes of the Scottish Government's Infected Blood Oversight and Assurance Group (meeting of 24 March 2026) record, under recommendation 6 (monitoring liver damage for people infected with Hepatitis C), progress in Scotland only: "The detailed case note review of these patients found they had all been appropriately assessed and followed up for liver damage, with the exception of where they had defaulted from follow up. As previously agreed at the OAG, officials asked the Viral Hepatitis Strategic Group to take forward a review of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) clinical guidelines. This was delayed due to clinician capacity, but is expected to be completed by the end of March 2026."
IBCA Community Update (15 Jan 2026)
This site's summary of the finding: As of 13 January 2026: 3,721 people asked to start claims, 3,546 begun process, 3,074 received offers totalling £2.47bn, 2,861 paid totalling £1.89bn. Third compensation regulations in force 31 December 2025.

Key facts

Duration: 7 years, 6 months Total reported cost: £146.2m Core participants: 2,007