Conclusion 11

The Royal Marines’ Arctic expertise is a significant national strength, but it cannot compensate for shortfalls in the naval platforms needed to deploy, protect and sustain operations in the region. The UK’s ability to deter and respond to threats in the High North depends not only on future programmes, but also on the readiness of the Royal Navy’s existing ships, submarines and specialist forces. Russian submarine and seabed warfare capabilities based in the High North pose direct risks to the North Atlantic, UK waters and the nuclear deterrent. Evidence of low availability among destroyers, frigates and attack submarines therefore raises serious questions about whether the UK can meet its High North commitments before new capabilities enter service. (Conclusion, Paragraph 82)