Select Committee · Public Accounts Committee

Whitehall preparations for EU Exit

Status: Closed Opened: 7 Sep 2020 Closed: 19 Apr 2021 10 recommendations 17 conclusions 1 report

Following the UK’s decision to leave the EU in 2016, Government Departments had to formulate new policies, procure goods and services, design and implement new systems and engage stakeholders, while planning for multiple potential outcomes and responding to changing deadlines. Departments spent more than £4.4 billion on preparations between 2016 and 31 January 2020 (see … Show more

Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
Twenty-Ninth Report - Whitehall preparations for EU Exit HC 682 2 Dec 2020 27 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

27 items
2 Recommendation Twenty-Ninth Report - Whitehall prepara… Accepted

Government is not doing enough to ensure businesses and citizens will be ready for the...

Government is not doing enough to ensure businesses and citizens will be ready for the end of the transition period, and it is unclear what has been learnt from the previous ‘Get ready for Brexit’ campaign. The Cabinet Office launched a new communications campaign, ‘The UK’s new start: let’s get … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states it has accepted and implemented the recommendation, detailing its multi-pronged approach including a national Public Information Campaign, GOV.UK tools, and intensive business engagement, along with the recent establishment of the Brexit Business Task Force.
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HM Treasury
3 Recommendation Twenty-Ninth Report - Whitehall prepara… Accepted in Part

Government continues to spend too much on consultants to undertake work that could be better...

Government continues to spend too much on consultants to undertake work that could be better done by civil servants, and does not do enough to utilise or develop skills and experience in-house. At the peak, more than 22,000 civil servants worked on EU exit, and at present that number is … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government rejects the recommendation to assess the impact of cross-government working on civil servants. However, it accepts the recommendation to reduce reliance on consultants, establishing a programme with a March 2021 target date to reform engagement and build in-house capability via a new Government …
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HM Treasury
4 Recommendation Twenty-Ninth Report - Whitehall prepara… Not Addressed

EU Exit preparations involved more than 22,000 civil servants at the peak and have cost...

EU Exit preparations involved more than 22,000 civil servants at the peak and have cost at least £4.4 billion. But there has been no serious attempt to reflect and capture lessons for other challenges that government faces. Every government department has been affected by preparations for EU Exit and this … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government's response details revisions to contract management structures and operating procedures, and improvements in information capture and sharing. This response does not address the recommendation for the Cabinet Office to conduct a formal review of EU Exit preparations.
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HM Treasury
5 Recommendation Twenty-Ninth Report - Whitehall prepara… Accepted

EU Exit and the Covid-19 response have shown up critical gaps in the civil service’s...

EU Exit and the Covid-19 response have shown up critical gaps in the civil service’s approach to planning, particularly for unexpected events or undesired outcomes. The Cabinet Office keeps a national risk register, with input from across government and particularly the Treasury. The risk register includes “unexpected events” in terms … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees and states the recommendation is implemented, describing existing scenario-based exercises and the enhancement of the Civil Contingencies Secretariat with a new multi-agency Command, Control and Coordination (C3) system from December 2020 to improve cross-government response capacity.
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HM Treasury
6 Recommendation Twenty-Ninth Report - Whitehall prepara… Accepted

Government still does not have a good grip on how much taxpayers’ money is being...

Government still does not have a good grip on how much taxpayers’ money is being spent on cross-government priorities. The Treasury has acknowledged the need for more timely, transparent financial information on cross-government areas of work, including both EU Exit and the Covid-19 response. Before the NAO’s analysis, it did … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees and states the recommendation is implemented. HM Treasury has established a dedicated central team to track COVID-19 and EU Exit funding, is upgrading its OSCAR system for spending data, and has adapted and improved accounting and performance reporting guidance for departments to …
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HM Treasury
1 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Whitehall prepara… Acknowledged

On the basis of a report by the Comptroller and Auditor General, we took evidence...

On the basis of a report by the Comptroller and Auditor General, we took evidence from the Cabinet Office and HM Treasury (the Treasury) about the learning for government from preparations for EU Exit.1 The C&AG’s report drew together lessons from 28 previous reports by the National Audit Office examining … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the committee's introductory statement by reiterating the context of the report, including the evidence taken and the report's publication date.
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HM Treasury
7 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Whitehall prepara…

The Cabinet Office relies on information departments provide on their readiness to identify the highest...

The Cabinet Office relies on information departments provide on their readiness to identify the highest risk elements of the programme, although it continues to use specialist support from the Infrastructure and Projects Authority to review projects and also uses commercial and digital experts to assess departments’ readiness.11 The Cabinet Office … Read more

HM Treasury
8 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Whitehall prepara…

The Cabinet Office set out the current governance and decision-making structures for EU Exit.13 There...

The Cabinet Office set out the current governance and decision-making structures for EU Exit.13 There are two ministerial committees, one focused on operations which currently meets daily and one focused on strategy which meets less often. At an official level, there is a programme board and regular meetings of senior … Read more

HM Treasury
9 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Whitehall prepara… Accepted

The Cabinet Office recognises that other challenges government faces, such as the response to Covid-19,...

The Cabinet Office recognises that other challenges government faces, such as the response to Covid-19, will also require cross-government working, working at pace, or working in new ways.18 The Cabinet Office feels that it has learnt a lot from EU Exit and put it into a practice via a process … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government details how it applies lessons learned from EU Exit and other reports, such as using an enhanced communications approach and developing a comprehensive system for measuring campaign impact, which aligns with the continuous improvement noted by the committee.
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HM Treasury
10 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Whitehall prepara… Accepted

The Cabinet Office has a key role in ensuring government is ready to respond to...

The Cabinet Office has a key role in ensuring government is ready to respond to unexpected and unprecedented events. It is responsible for coordinating civil contingencies response to unexpected events, conducting COBRA meetings, working with local resilience forums and with devolved administrations.24 The Cabinet Office also keeps a national risk … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees and states its recommendation is implemented, outlining how it already ensures robust contingency planning through regular scenario-based exercises, systematic risk assessment by the Civil Contingencies Secretariat, and the upcoming enhanced multi-agency Command, Control and Coordination (C3) system to address disruptive challenges holistically.
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HM Treasury
11 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Whitehall prepara… Accepted

Recent events have shown up the limitations in government’s forward planning capability when put into...

Recent events have shown up the limitations in government’s forward planning capability when put into practice. Ministers specifically limited the amount of contingency planning the civil service was expected to carry out ahead of the EU Exit referendum in 2016.27 While the Cabinet Office felt that was a reasonable position … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the committee's observations and states the recommendation is implemented, highlighting its regular scenario-based exercises and the work of the Civil Contingencies Secretariat (CCS). It also commits to supplementing the CCS with an enhanced multi-agency Command, Control and Coordination (C3) system from …
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HM Treasury
12 Recommendation Twenty-Ninth Report - Whitehall prepara… Accepted

Our previous work on Covid-19 has highlighted the gaps in economic planning for pandemics, even...

Our previous work on Covid-19 has highlighted the gaps in economic planning for pandemics, even though the risk of a pandemic was one of the most likely risks government had identified. In July 2020, we recommended that the Cabinet Office should review its contingency planning for the most serious risks … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees and states the recommendation is implemented, detailing its ongoing systematic risk assessment, regular scenario-based exercises, and the establishment of an enhanced multi-agency Command, Control and Coordination (C3) system from December 2020 to ensure holistic risk management across government.
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HM Treasury
13 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Whitehall prepara… Not Addressed

Government spent £4.4 billion on preparations for EU Exit between the referendum and January 2020.34...

Government spent £4.4 billion on preparations for EU Exit between the referendum and January 2020.34 The Treasury admitted that it had not itself asked departments to provide information on their expenditure on EU Exit which it could consolidate to get an overall picture of spending for any period prior to … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states it disagrees with this recommendation, discussing its commitment to continuous improvement and lessons learned from EU Exit for resourcing, and explicitly stating it is not proposing a formal review of all preparations. This response does not address the conclusion's points about the …
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HM Treasury
14 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Whitehall prepara… Rejected

The Treasury has relied on existing departmental processes within the system of Accounting Officer accountability...

The Treasury has relied on existing departmental processes within the system of Accounting Officer accountability to ensure money on EU Exit has been used as expected.37 We do not believe that this is sufficient, given the weaknesses identified by the NAO in the information departments hold, particularly in regards to … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government rejects the implicit recommendation (from the overarching Recommendation 4) for changes to Treasury processes, stating its commitment to continuous improvement and iterative learning, and acknowledging the National Audit Office's review.
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HM Treasury
15 Recommendation Twenty-Ninth Report - Whitehall prepara… Accepted

The Treasury has acknowledged the need for more timely, transparent financial information on cross-government areas...

The Treasury has acknowledged the need for more timely, transparent financial information on cross-government areas of work, including both EU Exit and the Covid-19 response.39 In the past, it has said that this is particularly difficult because these areas of work do not fit into accounting categories used to collect … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees and states the recommendation is implemented, detailing actions such as establishing a dedicated central team to track COVID-19 and EU Exit funding, providing updates to the Committee, upgrading the OSCAR system, and improving cross-government accounting guidance for better financial transparency.
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HM Treasury
16 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Whitehall prepara… Rejected

At the peak, more than 22,000 civil servants worked on EU Exit, and at present...

At the peak, more than 22,000 civil servants worked on EU Exit, and at present the Cabinet Office reports that the number is around 15,000.43 The civil service responded to this demand by moving staff between departments. In particular two thirds of staff in DExEU came on secondment from other … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government rejects the overarching recommendation (Recommendation 4) for a formal review of EU Exit preparations, stating it is committed to continuous improvement and that the National Audit Office has already conducted an extensive review.
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HM Treasury
17 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Whitehall prepara… Rejected

There has been high turnover among staff working on EU Exit, particularly at senior levels.

There has been high turnover among staff working on EU Exit, particularly at senior levels. DExEU has had three Permanent Secretaries, the Border Delivery Group has had three Director-Generals, and there have been changes at Permanent Secretary grade in key Departments impacted by EU Exit, including Defra and HMRC.46 The … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government rejects the overarching recommendation (Recommendation 4) for a formal review, arguing it is committed to continuous improvement, has engaged in iterative learning, and that the National Audit Office has already conducted an extensive review.
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HM Treasury
18 Recommendation Twenty-Ninth Report - Whitehall prepara… Rejected

Demands on the civil servants working on the Covid-19 pandemic response and/or EU Exit have...

Demands on the civil servants working on the Covid-19 pandemic response and/or EU Exit have been high at a time when many are having to adjust to new ways of remote working.48 The Cabinet Office believes that morale across staff working on these two priorities remains high despite these challenges … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government disagrees with the recommendation and refers to its response for recommendation 4, indicating a rejection of the implicit suggestion to consider staff resilience impacts.
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HM Treasury
19 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Whitehall prepara… Accepted

Government has made extensive use of consultants to support preparations for EU Exit, and is...

Government has made extensive use of consultants to support preparations for EU Exit, and is also doing so on Covid-19. This Committee has raised concerns in the past about government’s increasing spend on consultants, and on the gap between the Cabinet Office’s and departments’ data on spending across government.50 The … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the need to address consultant spending and has established a programme with a target implementation date of March 2021. This programme includes creating a Government Consulting Hub, reforming controls, improving data, developing a consultancy standard, and addressing workforce capability to reduce …
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HM Treasury
20 Recommendation Twenty-Ninth Report - Whitehall prepara… Accepted

The Cabinet Office set out that there is sometimes a need for consultants with 43...

The Cabinet Office set out that there is sometimes a need for consultants with 43 Q 101; C&AG’s Report, para 15 44 Qq 53, 54; C&AG’s Report, para 26 45 Qq 5, 18 46 Qq 46, 53; C&AG’s Report para 17 47 Q 53 48 Q 5 49 Qq 108–109 … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the recommendation to reduce spending on consultants and contractors, outlining a programme that includes establishing a Government Consulting Hub by early 2021, reforming central controls, improving data quality, developing a new consultancy standard, and tackling capacity and capability drivers.
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HM Treasury
21 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Whitehall prepara… Accepted

The Cabinet Office launched a new communications campaign, ‘The UK’s new start: let’s get going’,...

The Cabinet Office launched a new communications campaign, ‘The UK’s new start: let’s get going’, in July. Its aim is to inform businesses and the public about what actions they need to take to be ready for the end of the transition period.53 The campaign has a budget of £70 … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states it agrees and is already implementing this, detailing its three-fold approach of public information campaigns, GOV.UK tools, and intensive business engagement. It confirms that the current campaign tracks actions taken, not just awareness, through independent surveys and established a Brexit Business Task …
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HM Treasury
22 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Whitehall prepara… Accepted

Despite the new campaign having been underway for some time, there remains a significant risk...

Despite the new campaign having been underway for some time, there remains a significant risk that businesses and individuals will not be ready for the end of the transition period. Government survey data suggests that 36% of SMEs still believe the transition period will be extended.58 The picture is changing … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees and outlines its extensive preparedness efforts, including public information campaigns, GOV.UK tools, and business engagement events. It states that the current campaign uses independent surveys and ONS data to track intent and actions taken, providing information on readiness, and that engagement was …
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HM Treasury
23 Recommendation Twenty-Ninth Report - Whitehall prepara… Acknowledged

The Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on readiness for EU Exit.

The Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on readiness for EU Exit. The Cabinet Office is concerned that the primary focus of many small businesses during this year has been the impact of the pandemic on their business, rather than preparing for EU Exit. Current levels of readiness among businesses … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the recommendation to ensure tools are in place to support individuals and businesses beyond the transition period but provides no specific details or commitments on how this support will be extended.
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HM Treasury
24 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Whitehall prepara… Accepted

Although the Cabinet Office believes it has been clear that businesses need to be ready...

Although the Cabinet Office believes it has been clear that businesses need to be ready for the end of the transition period, there are multiple dates in 2021 from which new requirements for businesses on importing and exporting to the EU will take effect.66 In February this year government announced … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees and states the recommendation is implemented, outlining its ongoing public information campaigns, GOV.UK tools, and intensive business engagement, including the establishment of the Brexit Business Task Force in December 2020, all aimed at communicating new requirements to businesses.
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HM Treasury
25 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Whitehall prepara… Not Addressed

We are concerned that industry bodies have said that government has not provided key information...

We are concerned that industry bodies have said that government has not provided key information needed by businesses to prepare, such as detailed guidance on how to apply for simplified customs procedures.70 The Cabinet Office provided an update on the status of two specific systems. The Goods Vehicle Movement Service … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees and states the recommendation is implemented, outlining its public information campaigns, GOV.UK tools, and business engagement. However, the response does not specifically address the concern about the lack of detailed guidance on simplified customs procedures or the tight timetables for the new …
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HM Treasury
26 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Whitehall prepara… Not Addressed

The Cabinet Office admitted that the market for customs agents is not expanding at the...

The Cabinet Office admitted that the market for customs agents is not expanding at the pace it needs to meet the increased demand post transition, despite an additional £50 million in funding announced by the government. This was an extension of previous funding of £34 million which had been used … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees and states the recommendation is implemented, detailing its public information campaigns, GOV.UK tools, and business engagement, including the establishment of the Brexit Business Task Force. However, the response completely fails to address the specific concern about the insufficient expansion of the customs …
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HM Treasury
27 Conclusion Twenty-Ninth Report - Whitehall prepara… Not Addressed

In the event of major delays at the short Channel crossings, the Cabinet Office told...

In the event of major delays at the short Channel crossings, the Cabinet Office told us that there are plans to prioritise certain goods, such as exports of day-old chicks and fish for human consumption, and that additional freight capacity has been procured for the import of critical goods.73 The … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government response, while stating agreement and implementation, focuses on general communication and business engagement strategies (Public Information Campaign, GOV.UK, Brexit Business Task Force) rather than directly addressing the specific points raised in the committee's conclusion regarding prioritisation of goods, freight capacity, the border impact …
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HM Treasury

Oral evidence sessions

1 session
Date Witnesses
8 Oct 2020 Alex Chisholm · Cabinet Office, Cat Little · Cabinet Office, Emma Churchill · Ministry of Justice, Jess Glover · HM Treasury View ↗

Who gave evidence

4 witnesses
WitnessOrganisationSessions
Alex Chisholm · Chief Operating Officer Civil Service and Permane… Cabinet Office 1
Cat Little · Permanent Secretary Cabinet Office 1
Emma Churchill · Director General, Policy - Courts, Access to Just… Ministry of Justice 1
Jess Glover · DG Growth and Productivity HM Treasury 1