Select Committee · Public Accounts Committee

HMRC’s management of tax debt

Status: Closed Opened: 26 Nov 2021 Closed: 27 May 2022 15 recommendations 12 conclusions 1 report

A recent report by the NAO found that tax debt is now more than double pre-pandemic levels, and current staffing at HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) are unlikely to be enough to manage the increased tax debt workload as the UK emerges from the COVID-19 pandemic, with HMRC needing to pursue tax debt while allowing … Show more

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Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
Forty-Eighth Report - HMRC’s management of tax debt HC 953 26 Mar 2022 27 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

20 items
2 Recommendation Forty-Eighth Report - HMRC’s management… Accepted

HMRC is not being ambitious enough in bringing down debt levels and securing the resources...

HMRC is not being ambitious enough in bringing down debt levels and securing the resources this will require. The longer a debt is left, the harder it is to collect. The increase in tax debt and the number of taxpayers in debt also increases HMRC’s debt management workload. We are … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government announced an additional £62 million over three years to fund additional staff in HMRC to help people and businesses pay their tax debts, which will raise an additional £1.8 billion for the Exchequer between 2022-23 and 2024-25; HMRC is recruiting almost 2,000 debt …
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HM Treasury
3 Recommendation Forty-Eighth Report - HMRC’s management… Accepted

Rogue companies are exploiting the pandemic to profit at the expense of taxpayers.

Rogue companies are exploiting the pandemic to profit at the expense of taxpayers. We are concerned that rogue firms have been able to exploit temporary restrictions on insolvency action and the availability of covid support grants and loans to embezzle large sums during the pandemic. In particular, there is an … Read more

Government response AI summary
HMRC has begun work to produce the first internal estimate of the scale and nature of risk posed by phoenixism by the end of May 2022, which will inform improvements in the department’s approach and resourcing decisions. HMRC is also improving its IT systems and …
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HM Treasury
5 Recommendation Forty-Eighth Report - HMRC’s management… Accepted

HMRC is not using all relevant data sources to understand how the pandemic is affecting...

HMRC is not using all relevant data sources to understand how the pandemic is affecting taxpayer’s ability to repay. The pandemic has had a varied economic impact, with some groups improving their financial position during the pandemic while others have been negatively affected. HMRC used data it already held, on … Read more

Government response AI summary
HMRC will combine its response with recommendation 4 and set out what data it is using, or planning to use, to assess ability to pay and why, and will re-assess the extent to which sectoral data adds value to its segmentation approach.
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HM Treasury
6 Recommendation Forty-Eighth Report - HMRC’s management… Accepted

We are concerned that HMRC is not doing enough to identify vulnerable people who need...

We are concerned that HMRC is not doing enough to identify vulnerable people who need extra support with their debts. The pandemic has left more people in vulnerable positions, such as managing serious illness, bereavement and with low resilience to financial shocks. The Financial Conduct Authority has reported a 15% … Read more

Government response AI summary
HMRC will refine mandatory training and guidance to identify vulnerable people, improve identification and handling of contact from people with emotional and mental health issues, identify independent research to estimate how many people could potentially be eligible for extra support, and improve communications to raise …
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HM Treasury
7 Conclusion Forty-Eighth Report - HMRC’s management… Accepted

HMRC acknowledges that debts become harder to collect the longer you wait to collect them.16...

HMRC acknowledges that debts become harder to collect the longer you wait to collect them.16 We are concerned that HMRC does not have the level of staffing it needs to deal with its increased workload in a timely manner, and this will in turn mean more debt goes unpaid.17 In … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government announced an additional £62 million over three years to fund additional staff in HMRC to help people and businesses pay their tax debts, which will raise an additional £1.8 billion for the Exchequer between 2022-23 and 2024-25; HMRC is recruiting almost 2,000 debt …
Read full response →
HM Treasury
8 Conclusion Forty-Eighth Report - HMRC’s management… Accepted

HMRC told us it was planning to recruit more than 1,000 debt management staff in...

HMRC told us it was planning to recruit more than 1,000 debt management staff in 2021–22, but it was starting with a staffing shortfall. At September 2021, HMRC’s debt management team had 300 fewer FTE staff than it had planned. It was awarded additional funding for 600 FTE staff for … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government announced an additional £62 million over three years to fund additional staff in HMRC to help people and businesses pay their tax debts, which will raise an additional £1.8 billion for the Exchequer between 2022-23 and 2024-25; HMRC is recruiting almost 2,000 debt …
Read full response →
HM Treasury
9 Conclusion Forty-Eighth Report - HMRC’s management… Accepted

HMRC also told us that in the 2021 Spending Review HM Treasury awarded it additional...

HMRC also told us that in the 2021 Spending Review HM Treasury awarded it additional funding of £40 million, £60 million and £90 million over the three years from 2022–23, to undertake “spend to raise” work. However, it could not tell us whether it would use this funding for additional … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government announced an additional £62 million over three years to fund additional staff in HMRC to help people and businesses pay their tax debts, which will raise an additional £1.8 billion for the Exchequer between 2022-23 and 2024-25; HMRC is recruiting almost 2,000 debt …
Read full response →
HM Treasury
10 Conclusion Forty-Eighth Report - HMRC’s management… Accepted

In the past HMRC has been successful in securing additional funds from HM Treasury for...

In the past HMRC has been successful in securing additional funds from HM Treasury for time-limited recruitment, for example the additional funding secured at Budget 2020. But HMRC acknowledged that it had to make the case to HM Treasury every time it requested additional funding for this type of recruitment. … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government announced an additional £62 million over three years to fund additional staff in HMRC to help people and businesses pay their tax debts, which will raise an additional £1.8 billion for the Exchequer between 2022-23 and 2024-25; HMRC is recruiting almost 2,000 debt …
Read full response →
HM Treasury
11 Recommendation Forty-Eighth Report - HMRC’s management… Accepted

In addition to its own debt management staff, HMRC also uses private sector debt collection...

In addition to its own debt management staff, HMRC also uses private sector debt collection agencies to increase its capacity and work with specific customer groups.26 HMRC works with these agencies through an arrangement called the ‘debt market integrator’, which is run by Indesser (a joint venture between the Government … Read more

Government response AI summary
Government announced an additional £62 million over three years to fund additional staff in HMRC to help people and businesses pay their tax debts and will increase placements with DCAs by around £1 billion a year without increasing the cost to the Exchequer.
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HM Treasury
12 Recommendation Forty-Eighth Report - HMRC’s management… Accepted

In 2008, the NAO recommended that HMRC develop its IT systems to effectively provide it...

In 2008, the NAO recommended that HMRC develop its IT systems to effectively provide it with a single customer record or view, either through one new system or by making progressive changes that allowed it to link debts from different taxes.28 In 2009, following this recommendation, HMRC told our predecessor … Read more

Government response AI summary
HMRC will write to the Committee with further information on Single Customer Account costs and target completion dates, explore opportunities to share data across government, and provide results of its pilot test using private sector data.
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HM Treasury
13 Conclusion Forty-Eighth Report - HMRC’s management… Accepted

HMRC also told us it is working with other government departments, under the leadership of...

HMRC also told us it is working with other government departments, under the leadership of the Cabinet Office debt management function, towards having a single view of all the debts individual customers owe to any government department. HMRC understood that the Cabinet Office was leading some trials to advance this … Read more

Government response AI summary
Spending Review 2021 provided funding of £81.7 million for the Single Customer Account and £53.9 million for the Unique Customer Record; HMRC will explore opportunities to share data across government to improve its understanding of taxpayers' finances; and HMRC is trialling the use of credit …
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HM Treasury
14 Recommendation Forty-Eighth Report - HMRC’s management… Accepted

Historically, HMRC has made limited use of external data, but is currently trialling the use...

Historically, HMRC has made limited use of external data, but is currently trialling the use of credit data purchased from the private sector. HMRC told us that when it agrees a debt repayment plan with a customer (which it refers to as a ‘Time to Pay’ plan), it conducts a … Read more

Government response AI summary
HMRC will write to the Committee with further information on Single Customer Account costs and target completion dates, explore opportunities to share data across government, and provide results of its pilot test using private sector data.
Read full response →
HM Treasury
15 Recommendation Forty-Eighth Report - HMRC’s management… Accepted

HMRC does not typically use third-party information about customers’ other loans or debts—for example, customer...

HMRC does not typically use third-party information about customers’ other loans or debts—for example, customer credit scores—because of the cost of the information. 28 C&AG’s Report, Management of Tax Debt, Session 2007–08, HC 1152, 20 November 2008, para 8e 29 Committee of Public Accounts, Management of tax debt, Twenty-Sixth Report … Read more

Government response AI summary
HMRC will provide an update on spending for the single customer record, work with the rest of government to share data, and the results of its pilot test using private sector data in a letter to the Committee in December 2022.
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HM Treasury
16 Conclusion Forty-Eighth Report - HMRC’s management… Accepted

HMRC is also looking more widely at how it can improve the efficiency of its...

HMRC is also looking more widely at how it can improve the efficiency of its debt management operations. It told us it is undertaking work to use its data to better understand which type of contact is most effective in bringing customers to repay their debts and target activity accordingly. … Read more

Government response AI summary
HMRC will re-assess the value of sectoral data in its segmentation approach by December 2022, while also combining its response with recommendation 4 to set out what data it is using to assess the taxpayer's ability to pay.
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HM Treasury
19 Conclusion Forty-Eighth Report - HMRC’s management… Accepted

Nonetheless, the pandemic continues to affect business sectors differently.47 For example, with the Bounce Back...

Nonetheless, the pandemic continues to affect business sectors differently.47 For example, with the Bounce Back Loan scheme there was considerable variation between industry sectors, both in their borrowing of Bounce Back Loans and in how their borrowing patterns had changed relative to other sectors since the pandemic.48 But HMRC’s segmentation … Read more

Government response AI summary
HMRC will re-assess the value of sectoral data in its segmentation approach by December 2022, while also combining its response with recommendation 4 to set out what data it is using to assess the taxpayer's ability to pay.
Read full response →
HM Treasury
20 Recommendation Forty-Eighth Report - HMRC’s management… Accepted

The pandemic has left more people in vulnerable positions, managing debt alongside other problems such...

The pandemic has left more people in vulnerable positions, managing debt alongside other problems such as serious illness, bereavement and low resilience to financial shocks. The Financial Conduct Authority reported a 15% increase in the number of adults who met one of its characteristics of vulnerability between March 2020 and … Read more

Government response AI summary
HMRC will refine training and guidance to identify people who need extra support, explore opportunities to improve identification and handling of contact from people with emotional and mental health issues, and identify independent research to estimate how many people could potentially be eligible for extra …
Read full response →
HM Treasury
21 Conclusion Forty-Eighth Report - HMRC’s management… Accepted

Despite this, and despite managing an additional 2.4 million customers with debt, HMRC told us...

Despite this, and despite managing an additional 2.4 million customers with debt, HMRC told us it has not seen an increase in the number of customers it identifies as being vulnerable, demonstrated by the steady rate of customers its staff have referred to its Extra Support Team.52 HMRC told us … Read more

Government response AI summary
HMRC will refine its training and guidance for staff to identify vulnerable people, work with the voluntary sector to improve identification, identify independent research to estimate eligibility for extra support, and continue to review take-up of the Extra Support Team by December 2022.
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HM Treasury
24 Recommendation Forty-Eighth Report - HMRC’s management… Accepted

The pandemic has created a risk that some rogue firms have been able to embezzle...

The pandemic has created a risk that some rogue firms have been able to embezzle large sums of money during the pandemic. There is a particular risk from so-called ‘phoenix’ companies, referring to the practice of individuals continuing the same trade after winding up a company, usually to avoid paying … Read more

Government response AI summary
HMRC has begun work to produce the first internal estimate of the scale and nature of risk posed by phoenixism, will improve IT systems, and is using enhanced powers to hold company directors liable for some debts.
Read full response →
HM Treasury
25 Conclusion Forty-Eighth Report - HMRC’s management… Accepted

The NAO reported there was an increased risk from phoenix companies during the pandemic but...

The NAO reported there was an increased risk from phoenix companies during the pandemic but found that HMRC did not hold data on the scale of phoenix activity (in terms of the number of companies or the financial value involved) and therefore could not monitor the changed risk. HMRC was … Read more

Government response AI summary
HMRC has begun work to produce the first internal estimate of the scale and nature of risk posed by phoenixism, is improving its IT systems aimed at managing insolvency compliance risks, and will use enhanced powers to hold company directors liable for some debts owed …
Read full response →
HM Treasury
26 Conclusion Forty-Eighth Report - HMRC’s management… Accepted

HMRC told us it is developing a strategy to combat phoenix companies and is beginning...

HMRC told us it is developing a strategy to combat phoenix companies and is beginning to use new powers alongside existing approaches to identify, and bring sanctions against, individuals involved in this practice.63 The key tools it uses include: being able to attach company debts to the individuals who served … Read more

Government response AI summary
HMRC has begun work to produce an internal estimate of the risk posed by phoenixism by the end of May 2022 to improve the department's approach to identifying and mitigating this risk, as well as aid in resourcing decisions.
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HM Treasury

Oral evidence sessions

1 session
Date Witnesses
17 Jan 2022 Jim Harra · HMRC, Justin Holliday · HMRC, Marc Gill · HM Revenue and Customs View ↗

Who gave evidence

3 witnesses
WitnessOrganisationSessions
Jim Harra · Permanent Secretary and Chief Executive HMRC 1
Justin Holliday · Chief Finance Officer HMRC 1
Marc Gill · Director Debt Management HM Revenue and Customs 1

Correspondence

1 letter
DateDirectionTitle
7 Feb 2022 Correspondence from Jim Harra, Chief Executive and First Permanent Secretary, r…