Home / Sources / Select Committees / Science and Technology Commit… / Role of batteries and fuel cells in ach…
Select committee: Science and Technology Committee

Role of batteries and fuel cells in achieving Net Zero

Closed Opened 3 Mar 2021 Closed 23 Nov 2022 12 recommendations 22 conclusions

Science and Technology Committee Inquiry on parliament.uk ↗

Inquiry scope (the committee's words)
The Committee is investigating the role of battery and fuel cell technologies in achieving the UK’s ambition to reach net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The work will consider the use of these technologies in transport, and also in other sectors such as power grids, agricultural machinery and heat production. The Committee has issued a call for written evidence, and will be taking oral evidence in spring 2021.

Where it stands

The inquiry is closed, opened 3 March 2021.

The committee has published 1 report, most recently 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk on 27 July 2021.

The government's response

Published 27 September 2021. The deadline was 27 September 2021.

Summary written by Accountability Index from the government's response. It is not the government's own words.

The government sets out support already in place or planned across batteries, charging, freight and hydrogen, and ties future battery research funding to the Spending Review 2021.

  • On supply chains, it states it is "committed to supporting the automotive sector", with £500m of the Automotive Transformation Fund available over four years as the first part of "up to £1 billion".
  • On charging, it says it "recognise[s] the need to accelerate" the public network, will provide £1.3 billion over four years, and will publish an EV Infrastructure Strategy "later this year".
  • On HGVs, the consultation closed on 3 September and it is analysing responses; it "intend[s] to announce phase out dates as soon as possible".
  • On fuel cells, it says technology development is "at an earlier stage than in batteries" and that intervention to date has focused on supporting earlier development.

Read the government's response ↗ Report an error

Recommendations and conclusions

All 34 recommendations and conclusions

Reports

All reports

Evidence

  • 9 oral evidence sessionsLatest 8 June 2021
  • 49 witnesses
All evidence

Recent activity

Meetings and visits

Recommendations and conclusions 34 shown

Conclusion 1

Conclusion · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Concluded (the committee's words)
In order to make the transition to low-carbon technologies, the heavy road freight sector needs urgent clarity about which technological options are best-suited to its needs, and firm commitments that infrastructure will be deployed at scale. Clear deadlines from the Government, such as a finalised timetable for ending the sale of HGVs, would focus efforts as is happening in the light road sector.

Link to this item · Read this item

Recommendation 2

Recommendation · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Recommended (the committee's words)
We recommend that the Government promptly confirms the end of sales of new diesel HGVs from 2040 or earlier. This will provide a clear timeline for research and development of technologies (including batteries and fuel cells), manufacture of vehicles and deployment of infrastructure.

Link to this item · Read this item

Conclusion 3

Conclusion · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Concluded (the committee's words)
Electrification of the railway network (using cables and live rails) will have to be strategic and extensive, to allow greater use of electric trains and so that those sections left without electrification are within the capabilities of trains powered by batteries and fuel cells. Otherwise, sections may be left for which decarbonisation is more expensive or more challenging. This poses the risk that the necessary increases in freight and passenger rail may not occur, and indeed that some usage could shift to roads.

Link to this item · Read this item

Recommendation 4

Recommendation · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Recommended (the committee's words)
The Government must ensure that the railway electrification programme is accelerated in order that it reaches as far as is economically and technically feasible by 2040, when diesel trains will be phased out . The development of battery and fuel cell trains should be supported to serve those parts of the network that remain non-electrified.

Link to this item · Read this item

Conclusion 5

Conclusion · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Concluded (the committee's words)
The aviation sector is very challenging to decarbonise, particularly its long-distance routes. However, battery and fuel cell technologies could offer solutions for shorter routes, and their application to electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft could allow aviation to play a more flexible role in national transport and emergency services.

Link to this item · Read this item

Conclusion 6

Conclusion · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Concluded (the committee's words)
In order to decarbonise the electricity system by 2035 and to meet at least a doubling of demand by 2050, there need to be large upgrades to network capacity, smart controls need to be implemented, and a wide array of storage technologies must be deployed. Without batteries of different scales and potentially fuel cells drawing on stored hydrogen, increasing amounts of renewable energy will be wasted. Without smart operation and storage, the costs of grid expansion will be significantly higher. For larger grid-connected batteries, there is merit in developing alternatives such as sodium-ion and flow batteries. For smaller batteries in homes and businesses, there will need to be more sophisticated tariffs and control systems to optimise the benefits. To provide inter-seasonal storage, there may be a need for grid-scale fuel cells to be deployed as part of the UK’s wider hydrogen strategy.

Link to this item · Read this item

Conclusion 7

Conclusion · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Concluded (the committee's words)
The Government and Ofgem must ensure that electricity network regulations and incentives are aligned to bring about the necessary investment in networks, storage and smart systems. They must ensure that energy market rules facilitate more sophisticated services, including tariffs to enable demand shifting, extensive use of battery storage, and smooth interactions with hydrogen systems.

Link to this item · Read this item

Conclusion 8

Conclusion · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Concluded (the committee's words)
The UK could make better use of fuel cells in conjunction with electrolysers in a range of stationary applications. Trials of local and community-scale systems could quickly be replicated, to increase the use of excess renewable electricity to produce hydrogen for transport, heating and power. The use of fuel cells in buildings connected to the gas grid would have merit if those buildings were supplied with ‘low-carbon’ hydrogen.

Link to this item · Read this item

Conclusion 9

Conclusion · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Concluded (the committee's words)
A clear strategy is needed for large-scale hydrogen storage in order to make better use of excess renewable electricity (by producing hydrogen via electrolysis), and in the future to be coupled with hydrogen produced using advanced nuclear reactors.

Link to this item · Read this item

Conclusion 10

Conclusion · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Concluded (the committee's words)
In order to give individuals and companies the confidence to invest in electric vehicles, there needs to be faster deployment of infrastructure for charging, including rapid chargers in towns and on the strategic road network. Charging has to be accessible to all, with suitable options provided for those without dedicated parking spaces or driveways. In the longer-term, wireless charging could be important, and should be developed and evaluated for transport applications. The user experience has to be simplified, with standardisation of technology and payment methods.

Link to this item · Read this item

Recommendation 11

Recommendation · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Recommended (the committee's words)
The Government should ensure electric vehicle charging for all users, including by accelerating the expansion of the public charging network, to deliver around 325,000 charging points by around 2032, as recommended by the Committee on Climate Change . This will require supporting local authorities to develop and implement strategies for deployment and maintenance of public charging-points . Regulations to standardise charging and payments methods should be introduced at the earliest possible time. We ask the Government to confirm the legislative timings in its response to this report .

Link to this item · Read this item

Conclusion 12

Conclusion · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Concluded (the committee's words)
In order for companies to have greater confidence in hydrogen vehicles, there needs to be an expansion of the hydrogen fuelling network, particularly on the strategic road network to support road freight.

Link to this item · Read this item

Recommendation 13

Recommendation · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Recommended (the committee's words)
The Government should take steps to build public confidence in the safety of batteries and hydrogen technologies. The concerns of residents and drivers about the fire safety of batteries must be taken seriously. Action must be taken to mitigate the risks of existing battery installations, including more stringent safety standards. Regulations and incentives should be used to drive development of safer battery technologies in transport and stationary applications. Effective fire-fighting protocols need to be developed, with provision of training and equipment for fire fighters, other first responders and vehicle maintenance workers.

Link to this item · Read this item

Conclusion 14

Conclusion · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Concluded (the committee's words)
There is merit in the automotive sector continuing to adopt incremental improvements in lithium-ion technology, to make the best use of existing investments in manufacturing. However, it is important that manufacturing processes are adaptable so that non-lithium-ion chemistries can be adopted in future without incurring the full costs of establishing new manufacturing facilities.

Link to this item · Read this item

Conclusion 15

Conclusion · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Concluded (the committee's words)
The UK’s current investments in battery research and development are welcome, but need to be increased and put on a longer-term footing if the UK is to compete internationally. Proposals for additional funding for research and development in the UK should be seen in the context of the Government’s ambition for the UK to be a ‘science superpower’. The Government has made clear spending commitments for research and development: public funding is to reach £22 billion per year by 2024–25 (up from around £15 billion in 2021–22); and total annual UK spending on research and development is to reach 2.4% of GDP by 2027.

Link to this item · Read this item

Conclusion 16

Conclusion · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Concluded (the committee's words)
UK Research and Innovation should prioritise initiatives for batteries and fuel cells in its bid for the 2021 Spending Review. It should seek to support technologies all the way through the technology readiness levels to manufacture.

Link to this item · Read this item

Recommendation 17

Recommendation · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Recommended (the committee's words)
The Government should provide additional funds for the development of batteries and fuel cells, which are essential for achieving the net-zero target and for achieving the UK’s industrial ambitions. This funding can be provided within the budget increases for research and development out to 2024–25. Funding should be comparable to international competitors, and should have long-term certainty in order to build the UK’s research base, develop momentum and ensure that advances are fully exploited.

Link to this item · Read this item

Conclusion 18

Conclusion · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Concluded (the committee's words)
UK Research and Innovation should expand the remit of the Faraday Institution and the UK Battery Industrialisation Centre to include stationary batteries , with commensurate additional funding from Government.

Link to this item · Read this item

Conclusion 19

Conclusion · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Concluded (the committee's words)
UK Research and Innovation should expand its portfolio for developing next generation batteries, with commensurate additional funding from Government. This will help to establish a long-term advantage for the UK, for example in solid-state batteries for vehicles and sodium- ion batteries for stationary storage.

Link to this item · Read this item

Conclusion 20

Conclusion · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Concluded (the committee's words)
Fuel cells will benefit from ongoing innovation to improve performance and durability and to reduce costs. They are well-suited to a range of applications, but the sector may require support to tailor the technology to each application.

Link to this item · Read this item

Conclusion 21

Conclusion · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Concluded (the committee's words)
The current funding for fuel cell research and development is inadequate, and the sector needs to be supported through the establishment of initiatives and organisations akin to the Faraday Institution and the UK Battery Industrialisation Centre. These proposals should be seen in the context of the Government’s commitments to significantly increase public funding for research and development.

Link to this item · Read this item

Recommendation 22

Recommendation · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Recommended (the committee's words)
The Government should establish organisations to support research and scale-up for the fuel cell and hydrogen sector, equivalent to the Faraday Institution and the UK Battery Industrialisation Centre, guided by a clear analysis of where research and demonstrations are needed.

Link to this item · Read this item

Conclusion 23

Conclusion · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Concluded (the committee's words)
The UK is competing with other countries to attract automotive battery manufacturing. Failure to do so would likely lead to vehicle manufacturing moving elsewhere. Recent announcements of future increases in the manufacture of cells and electric vehicles are welcome, but are still insufficient to meet anticipated demand. The Government will need to commit further funds for gigafactories, supply chains and training ahead of the 2027 and 2030 deadlines, to ensure that the UK’s automotive sector can maintain manufacturing at its current scale. These resources will have to reach from research through to manufacturing, and will have to be commensurate to those of international competitors.

Link to this item · Read this item

Conclusion 24

Conclusion · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Concluded (the committee's words)
Despite the urgency of the 2027 and 2030 deadlines, the UK also needs to plan on longer timescales. Manufacturing and supply chains require ongoing innovation in order to remain competitive, and need to be future-proofed to allow improvements in battery technology to be implemented with minimal cost and disruption.

Link to this item · Read this item

Conclusion 25

Conclusion · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Concluded (the committee's words)
The UK’s fuel cell and electrolyser manufacturers have done well to establish themselves internationally despite being largely neglected by UK policy and public funding. These companies need support to expand manufacturing in the UK, compete internationally and contribute to the UK’s hydrogen ambitions.

Link to this item · Read this item

Conclusion 26

Conclusion · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Concluded (the committee's words)
The development and uptake of fuel cell technologies by the transport sector will be aided by clear regulatory signals, in particular the ending of the sale of new diesel HGVs, on which the Government is currently consulting.

Link to this item · Read this item

Recommendation 27

Recommendation · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Recommended (the committee's words)
The Government should publish its hydrogen strategy this summer. This strategy must be coordinated with the Government’s other decarbonisation strategies to enable use of hydrogen in those sectors for which it is the most viable option. The hydrogen strategy should make effective use of the UK’s expertise in fuel cells and electrolysers, both to support UK decarbonisation efforts and to seek a leading role internationally.

Link to this item · Read this item

Recommendation 28

Recommendation · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Recommended (the committee's words)
The Government should take action to ensure that there are sufficient skilled workers in the automotive sector and conducting research into batteries and fuel cells. 1) There needs to be more support for training to enable the automotive sector’s transition to electric vehicles. 2) There need to be pipelines for training more researchers and engineers and supporting their longer -term careers. 3) There needs to be greater flexibility for recruiting international staff for research and manufacturing, including by reducing the costs associated with visas, particularly for short-term contracts .

Link to this item · Read this item

Recommendation 29

Recommendation · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Recommended (the committee's words)
The Government should produce a critical raw materials strategy. This strategy should make use of the UK’ s natural resources such as Cornish lithium, and should utilise the UK’s expertise in mineral processing to incentivise collaboration from countries with larger natural resources.

Link to this item · Read this item

Recommendation 30

Recommendation · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Recommended (the committee's words)
The Government should set out clear plans for developing industrial-scale recycling in the UK. As part of this, it should require manufacturers to incorporate ‘sustainability by design’ and to conduct full life-cycle analyses of the environmental and social impacts of batteries and fuel cells. The Government should introduce incentives and regulations to speed the transition to more sustainable technologies.

Link to this item · Read this item

Recommendation 31

Recommendation · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Recommended (the committee's words)
The Government should explain to industry what will replace the industrial strategy, and should promote its industrial objectives clearly, both domestically and internationally. Its objectives should be supported by investments in the battery and fuel cell sectors, commensurate with those of the UK’s international competitors, including de-risking expansion of manufacturing and supply chains in order to attract the significant private sector investment that is required.

Link to this item · Read this item

Conclusion 32

Conclusion · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Concluded (the committee's words)
The UK’s current trajectory of battery manufacture risks missing the Government’s target for the transition to electric light road transport, such that the UK may not be able to retain its automotive industry at its current scale. The situation is similarly serious for heavy transport and stationary energy systems, where lack of regulations and incentives have hindered decarbonisation using batteries and fuel cells.

Link to this item · Read this item

Conclusion 33

Conclusion · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Concluded (the committee's words)
The Government’s plans for decarbonisation and industrial growth lack detail about how it will overcome significant challenges to achieve ambitious targets with short deadlines. There was a stark disconnect between the optimism of Ministers and officials that UK industries can transition in very tight timescales, and the concerns of our other witnesses that the UK is far behind its competitors and faces significant challenges with innovation, supply chains and skills.

Link to this item · Read this item

Recommendation 34

Recommendation · 1st report - Battery strategy goes flat: Net-zero target at risk

Recommended (the committee's words)
The Government should publish its decarbonisation strategies as a matter of urgency, and make a series of key decisions by the end of 2021, as set out above. We ask that the Government explains in its response to this report how it will meet each of the deadlines that we have discussed, with details of how it will ensure that the UK has the necessary research , skills, supply chains and finance.

Link to this item · Read this item

Reports

1 report

Oral evidence sessions

9 sessions

On smaller screens, scroll horizontally to read every column. Keyboard users can focus the table region and use the arrow keys.

Date Session and witnesses Source
8 Jun 2021
Oral evidence session
Damitha Adikaari · Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy, Dr Bob Moran · Department for Transport, Hannah Boardman · Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, Rachel Maclean · Department for Transport, Rt Hon Anne-Marie Trevelyan · Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy 		View ↗
7 Jun 2021
Oral evidence session
Beverley Gower-Jones · Clean Growth Fund, Dr Jeffrey Chamberlain · Volta Energy Technologies, James Sprinz · Energy Impact Partners Europe, John Bromley · Legal and General Capital 		View ↗
25 May 2021
Oral evidence session
Buta Atwal · Wrightbus, David Wong · Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT), Dr Evi Petavratzi · British Geological Survey, Dr Paul Anderson · University of Birmingham, Professor Magda Titirici · Imperial College London, Professor Richard Herrington · Natural History Museum, Rob Millar · Williams Advanced Engineering 		View ↗
18 May 2021
Oral evidence session
Dr Jane Dennett-Thorpe · Ofgem, Dr Keith MacLean OBE · Providence Policy, Nick Winser CBE · Independent Government Advisor, Professor Tim Green · Energy Futures Lab 		View ↗
27 Apr 2021
Oral evidence session
Dr Mark Selby · Ceres Power, Helen Simpson · Porterbrook, Ian Constance · Advanced Propulsion Centre UK, Jo Godden · Johnson Matthey, Paul Stein · Rolls Royce, Professor Marcus Newborough · ITM Power 		View ↗
20 Apr 2021
Oral evidence session
Chris Pennison · Hyperdrive Innovation, Dr Colin Herron CBE · Zero Carbon Futures, Isobel Sheldon OBE · Britishvolt, Jeff Pratt · UK Battery Industrialisation Centre, Professor Emma Kendrick · University of Birmingham, Professor Patrick Grant · University of Oxford 		View ↗
23 Mar 2021
Oral evidence session
Dr Bob Moran · Department for Transport, Dr Lucy Martin · Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Mr Tony Harper · Innovate UK, Professor David Greenwood · Warwick Manufacturing Group, Professor Paul Dodds · University College London, Professor Paul Monks · Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, Professor Philip Taylor · EPSRC Supergen Energy Networks Hub 		View ↗
16 Mar 2021
Oral evidence session
Dr Jerry Barker · Faradion Limited, Dr Melanie Loveridge · University of Warwick, Professor Andrea Russell · University of Southampton, Professor Anthony Kucernak · Imperial College London, Professor John Irvine · University of St Andrews, Professor Paul Shearing · University College London, Professor Serena Corr · University of Sheffield 		View ↗
9 Mar 2021
Oral evidence session
Mr Amer Gaffar · Manchester Metropolitan University, Professor Mauro Pasta · University of Oxford, Professor Nigel Brandon · Imperial College London, Professor Pam Thomas · Faraday Institution 		View ↗

Who gave evidence

49 witnesses

On smaller screens, scroll horizontally to read every column. Keyboard users can focus the table region and use the arrow keys.

WitnessOrganisationSessions
Dr Bob Moran · Deputy Director, Environment Strategy Department for Transport 2
Beverley Gower-Jones · Managing Partner Clean Growth Fund 1
Buta Atwal · CEO Wrightbus 1
Chris Pennison · Chief Executive Officer Hyperdrive Innovation 1
Damitha Adikaari · Director for Climate Science and Energy Innovation Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy 1
David Wong · Senior Technology and Innovation Manager Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT) 1
Dr Colin Herron CBE · Managing Director Zero Carbon Futures 1
Dr Evi Petavratzi · Senior Mineral Commodity Geologist British Geological Survey 1
Dr Jane Dennett-Thorpe · Deputy Director of Decarbonisation and Energy Transition Ofgem 1
Dr Jeffrey Chamberlain · Chief Executive Officer Volta Energy Technologies 1
Dr Jerry Barker · Founder and Chief Technology Officer Faradion Limited 1
Dr Keith MacLean OBE · Director Providence Policy 1
Dr Lucy Martin · Deputy Director of Cross-Council Programmes and lead for Net Zero Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council 1
Dr Mark Selby · Chief Technology Officer Ceres Power 1
Dr Melanie Loveridge · Associate Professor, Warwick Manufacturing Group University of Warwick 1
Dr Paul Anderson · Reader in Inorganic and Materials Chemistry University of Birmingham 1
Hannah Boardman · Director of Advanced Manufacturing Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy 1
Helen Simpson · Innovation and Projects Director Porterbrook 1
Ian Constance · Chief Executive Advanced Propulsion Centre UK 1
Isobel Sheldon OBE · Chief Strategy Officer Britishvolt 1
James Sprinz · Vice President of Strategy and Business Development Energy Impact Partners Europe 1
Jeff Pratt · Managing Director UK Battery Industrialisation Centre 1
Jo Godden · Managing Director, Fuel Cells Johnson Matthey 1
John Bromley · Head of Clean Energy Strategy Legal and General Capital 1
Mr Amer Gaffar · Director of Manchester Fuel Cell Innovation Centre Manchester Metropolitan University 1
Mr Tony Harper · Industrial Strategy Challenge Director, Faraday Battery Challenge at UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) Innovate UK 1
Nick Winser CBE · Electricity Networks Commissioner Independent Government Advisor 1
Paul Stein · Chief Technology Officer Rolls Royce 1
Professor Andrea Russell · Professor of Physical Electrochemistry University of Southampton 1
Professor Anthony Kucernak · Professor of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences Imperial College London 1
Professor David Greenwood · Chief Executive Officer Warwick Manufacturing Group 1
Professor Emma Kendrick · Chair of Energy Materials University of Birmingham 1
Professor John Irvine · Professor, School of Chemistry University of St Andrews 1
Professor Magda Titirici · Chair in Sustainable Energy Materials Imperial College London 1
Professor Marcus Newborough · Development Director ITM Power 1
Professor Mauro Pasta · Associate Professor of Materials University of Oxford 1
Professor Nigel Brandon · Engineering Dean Imperial College London 1
Professor Pam Thomas · CEO Faraday Institution 1
Professor Patrick Grant · Vesuvius Chair of Materials and Pro-Vice-Chancellor (Research) University of Oxford 1
Professor Paul Dodds · Professor of Energy Systems University College London 1
Professor Paul Monks · Chief Scientific Adviser Department for Energy Security and Net Zero 1
Professor Paul Shearing · Professor in Chemical Engineering University College London 1
Professor Philip Taylor · Director EPSRC Supergen Energy Networks Hub 1
Professor Richard Herrington · Head of Earth Sciences Department Natural History Museum 1
Professor Serena Corr · Chair in Functional Nanomaterials, and Director of Research, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Sheffield 1
Professor Tim Green · Co-Director Energy Futures Lab 1
Rachel Maclean · Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State Department for Transport 1
Rob Millar · Head of Electrical and Battery Systems Williams Advanced Engineering 1
Rt Hon Anne-Marie Trevelyan · Minister for Energy, Clean Growth and Climate Change Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy 1

Meetings & visits

4 items

On smaller screens, scroll horizontally to read every column. Keyboard users can focus the table region and use the arrow keys.

DateTypeDetailSource
13 Jul 2021 Formal meeting (private meeting) Not recorded · virtual meeting
6 Jul 2021 Formal meeting (private meeting) Not recorded · virtual meeting
15 Jun 2021 Formal meeting (private meeting) Not recorded · virtual meeting
13 Apr 2021 Formal meeting (private meeting) Not recorded · virtual meeting