Select Committee · Home Affairs Committee

Human Trafficking

Status: Closed Opened: 7 Feb 2023 Closed: 24 May 2024 37 recommendations 66 conclusions 1 report

In this inquiry, launched in February 2023, the Home Affairs Committee is assessing the scale of human trafficking in the UK and the forms it takes. It also investigates whether Government policy, legislation and the criminal justice system can be improved to prevent human trafficking, prosecute perpetrators and protect victims. Read the terms of reference …

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Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
First Report - Human trafficking HC 124 8 Dec 2023 103 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

12 items
3 Conclusion First Report - Human trafficking Acknowledged

Home Office policy shift hinders modern slavery strategy and victim protection efforts.

The Home Office’s shift in policy focus to irregular migration is also demonstrated by the Government’s long delay in producing a new Modern Slavery Strategy and by the recent transfer of elements of responsibility for modern slavery and human trafficking from the Safeguarding Minister’s portfolio to that of the Immigration …

Government response. The government acknowledges the importance of a modern slavery strategy, stating it will resume publishing an Annual Report on Modern Slavery this year and will consider delivering a new strategy. It defends its approach to tackling modern slavery and migration …
Home Office
8 Conclusion First Report - Human trafficking Acknowledged

Modern Slavery Unit prioritises Illegal Migration Act over preventing human trafficking.

The Modern Slavery Unit’s outputs, including belated information about its new model for stakeholder engagement (Modern Slavery Stakeholder Forums) is opaque to say the least. We deeply regret that a unit comprising 56 staff has prioritised work on the Illegal Migration Act to the detriment of preventing human trafficking, protecting …

Government response. The government acknowledges the committee's report and the focus on illegal migration, but asserts its continued commitment to tackling modern slavery with an expansive system of work, noting that efforts remain under review.
Home Office
12 Conclusion First Report - Human trafficking Acknowledged

Insufficient enforcement of Sexual Offences Act fails to deter those who buy sex.

Enforcement of the current provisions of Section 53A of the Sexual Offences Act 2003 is insufficient to deter those who buy sex.

Government response. The government acknowledges the committee's observation by explaining the nature of Section 53A and stating that police prioritize investigating more serious modern slavery crimes due to higher penalties, justifying current enforcement practices.
Home Office
31 Conclusion First Report - Human trafficking Acknowledged

Low prosecution rates for human trafficking and modern slavery cases remain unacceptable.

The high number of referrals into the National Referral Mechanism and the number of live investigations together highlight the ability to identify human trafficking and exploitation that occurs in the UK. These cases are resource-intensive and potentially complex; however, the low prosecution rates are unacceptable. The criminal justice system faces …

Government response. The government acknowledges the importance of pursuing and prosecuting human trafficking offenses and states its commitment to driving up prosecution rates through collaboration with law enforcement agencies.
Home Office
32 Recommendation First Report - Human trafficking Acknowledged

Accelerate efforts to investigate, prosecute, and adjudicate human trafficking and modern slavery cases.

Criminal justice practitioners, including the police in England and Wales, the National Crime Agency and Crown Prosecution Service, must urgently review and then accelerate and scale up their efforts to investigate, prosecute and effectively adjudicate human trafficking and modern slavery cases. Cross-organisation working must support the priority goal of evidence …

Government response. The government acknowledges the importance of pursuing and prosecuting human trafficking offenses and states its commitment to driving up prosecution rates through collaboration with law enforcement agencies.
Home Office
38 Conclusion First Report - Human trafficking Acknowledged

Centralise modern slavery training and prioritise resourcing for national law enforcement efforts.

Training should be centralised, for example via the National Police Chiefs’ Council Modern Slavery and Organised Immigration training resources. Tackling human trafficking should be recognised as a national law enforcement priority and be resourced at a level commensurate with the harm it causes to these vulnerable victims of crime.

Government response. The government states it keeps relevant legislation under regular review and will continue to work with voluntary and community sector organisations to help individuals exit prostitution and sex work, without addressing the specific calls for centralised training or declaring human …
Home Office
45 Conclusion First Report - Human trafficking Acknowledged

Proactively consider evidence-led prosecutions for human trafficking, applying domestic abuse guidance.

It is the case that investigations into all forms of human trafficking should proactively consider an evidence-led prosecutions approach, with the CPS guidance on domestic abuse and evidential opportunities being transferable to human trafficking.

Government response. The government describes existing guidance and training provided by the CPS and the College of Policing.
Home Office
46 Recommendation First Report - Human trafficking Acknowledged

Include evidence-led prosecution guidance in Home Office, CPS, and College of Policing modern slavery materials.

The Home Office should include a section on evidence-led prosecutions in its modern slavery statutory guidance drawing on Article 27 (1) of the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings (ECAT). Similarly, the Crown Prosecution Service should amend its Guidance to Prosecutors on modern slavery and …

Government response. The government describes existing guidance and training provided by the CPS and the College of Policing.
Home Office
47 Conclusion First Report - Human trafficking Acknowledged

NCA resources diverted from modern slavery, impacting UK and international anti-trafficking efforts.

The National Crime Agency’s (NCA) remit is not only international but also includes internal organised crime group threats. The NCA’s work has been mostly diverted to focus on tackling smuggling upstream, in line with the Government’s focus on organised immigration crime. The diverting of resources away from modern slavery and …

Government response. The government acknowledges the committee's observation by reiterating that modern slavery remains a priority for the NCA, and justifies its focus on illegal migration by highlighting the close links between modern slavery and migration.
Home Office
59 Conclusion First Report - Human trafficking Acknowledged

Victim Navigator role essential for victim support and building criminal justice cases

The role fulfilled by Victim Navigators is essential to supporting victims in the criminal justice process and enabling investigation teams to build evidential cases.

Government response. The government acknowledges the crucial role of Victim Navigators and states its commitment to ensuring they have the resources and training needed, while working with Victim Support to improve service provision.
Home Office
63 Recommendation First Report - Human trafficking Acknowledged

Report on waiting times and referral status duration in annual and quarterly statistics.

The Home Office should report in its annual and quarterly statistics on the waiting times for all cases within the system, the amount of time for which referrals are suspended, withdrawn, or closed, so that a better picture can be drawn of actual waiting times.

Government response. The government recognizes the importance of transparency and data and states it will keep under review what additional data can be published without compromising ongoing investigations and mentions steps taken to improve timeliness of NRM decision-making.
Home Office
72 Conclusion First Report - Human trafficking Acknowledged

Changes to NRM impacting victims and First Responders, reducing positive decisions.

The Nationality and Borders Act 2022 and revisions to the Modern Slavery statutory guidance have changed the amount and type of evidence required for a potential victim to be referred into the National Referral Mechanism decision-making process. It is unclear what the impact of either of these changes will be …

Government response. The government acknowledges the committee's observations about the impact of the Nationality and Borders Act 2022 on NRM decisions, stating they are monitoring and evaluating these changes and that the decline in positive Reasonable Grounds decisions is the intended outcome …
Home Office

Oral evidence sessions

6 sessions
Date Witnesses
19 Jul 2023 Andrew Patrick · Foreign Commonwealth and Development Office, Joanna West · Home Office, Matthew Bligh · Home Office, Miss Sarah Dines · Home Office, Rebecca Wyse · Home Office View ↗
5 Jul 2023 Assistant Chief Constable Jim Pearce · National Police Chiefs' Council, Caroline Haughey OBE KC · Furnival Chambers, Lynette Woodrow · Crown Prosecution Service, Rob Jones CBE · National Crime Agency, Stuart Peall · Lancashire Police View ↗
21 Jun 2023 Allyson Davies · Barnard's National Counter Trafficking Service, Danny Bayraktarova · Wilson Solicitors LLP, Elaine Bass · Home Office, James Fookes · Anti-Trafficking Monitoring Group (ATMG), Laura Durán · ECPAT UK, Major Kathy Betteridge · Salvation Army, Siobhan Jolliffe · Home Office View ↗
7 Jun 2023 Dr. Ben Brewster · Rights Lab, University of Nottingham, Neelam Patankar · Digital Ventures, Professor Teela Sanders · University of Leicester, Rhoda Grant · Scottish Parliament View ↗
10 May 2023 Elysia McCaffrey · Gangmasters and Labour Abuse Authority (GLAA), Kate Roberts · Focus on Labour Exploitation (FLEX), Ruth Breslin · The Sexual Exploitation Research Programme (SERP), Sylvia Walby · Royal Holloway, University of London, Tatiana Gren-Jardan · Joint Modern Slavery Policy Unit Justice and Care and Centre for Social Justice View ↗
19 Apr 2023 Professor Dame Sara Thornton · The Rights Lab, University of Nottingham, The Rt Hon. the Baroness Butler-Sloss GBE View ↗

Correspondence

3 letters
DateDirectionTitle
15 May 2024 To cttee Letter from the Home Secretary, regarding the Government’s Response to the Hum…
13 Mar 2024 To cttee Letter from the Chair to the Home Secretary regarding the Government’s Response…
12 Jul 2023 From cttee Letter to the Minister for Crime, Policing and Fire on Adult Services Websites …