Select Committee · International Development Committee

Investment for development: The UK’s strategy towards Development Finance Institutions

Status: Closed Opened: 9 Nov 2022 Closed: 7 Dec 2023 8 recommendations 15 conclusions 1 report

The International Development Committee launched an inquiry on Investment for Development: the UK’s strategy towards development finance institutions and the effectiveness of aid spending through British International Investment (BII). This inquiry assessed whether BII is best placed to deliver impact and value for the UK taxpayer, given that a greater proportion of the future aid …

Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
Ninth Report - Investment for development: The UK’s strateg… HC 884 15 Sep 2023 23 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

23 items
1 Conclusion Ninth Report - Investment for developme… Rejected

Development finance institutions significantly contribute to private market growth in low- and middle-income countries.

Development finance institutions can make a substantive contribution to developing private markets in low- and middle-income countries by pioneering new and emerging industries, promoting positive change through investment activities and stimulating private-sector investment to develop markets. (Paragraph 11) Governance

Government response. The Government does not agree with appointing a non-voting government official to BII’s Board, arguing it would disrupt dynamics and duplicate existing oversight. It committed to maintaining best practice governance and periodically reviewing procedures.
2 Conclusion Ninth Report - Investment for developme… Deferred

Increase FCDO oversight of BII by taking a non-voting seat on its board.

Under the current arm’s-length relationship, BII holds some investments that conflict with the UK Government’s policies, such as those relating to fossil fuels and there have been few attempts by BII to adapt its legacy investment portfolio to align with UK interests. The recent UK Government decision to expand BII’s …

Government response. The Government agrees on the need for effective collaboration between FCDO and BII, noting existing guidance and close work. Ministers will explore opportunities to strengthen this, including integrating collaboration into country business plans, but the response does not address the …
3 Conclusion Ninth Report - Investment for developme… Deferred

FCDO and BII benefit from enhanced collaboration at country and regional levels.

The FCDO and BII can both benefit from greater collaboration at the country office and regional levels.

Government response. The Government acknowledges the importance of monitoring BII's impact, detailing existing oversight arrangements and annual reviews. It commits to review the log frame for additional indicators and to review SMART targets for the next strategy period (2027), but rejects introducing …
4 Conclusion Ninth Report - Investment for developme… Rejected

Strengthen FCDO collaboration with BII to ensure complementary investments by March 2024.

The FCDO must work collaboratively with BII throughout its operations to deliver the International Development Strategy’s objective of supporting countries to grow thriving economies by 31 March 2024. It should do this at both country office and regional levels by sharing institutional knowledge and ensuring that BII’s investments complement the …

Government response. The Government already monitors the thematic and geographic split of BII investments through existing policies and reporting frameworks. However, it will not provide BII investment data alongside FCDO's annual ODA expenditure due to potential confusion, instead highlighting where this information …
5 Conclusion Ninth Report - Investment for developme… Accepted

BII's tracking of gender lens achievements and other key metrics remains inadequate.

We do not find BII’s approach to tracking gender lens achievements to be dynamic or suitably stretching to achieve greater development impact. Performance monitoring of key metrics to track other key indicators is also absent from BII’s strategy and public reporting.

Government response. The Government agrees BII should promote gender equality and target under-represented groups, noting BII’s existing 2022-26 Strategy, 2X Criteria, and BOLD framework for diversity finance. It commits to ensuring gender, development impact, and environmental and social outcomes are a specified …
6 Conclusion Ninth Report - Investment for developme… Deferred

Incorporate SMART targets into FCDO strategy for BII's development impact by March 2024.

The FCDO must incorporate SMART targets into its strategy documents that stretch the development impact that BII achieves, such as the number of quality jobs created through its gender lens investments. This must be done by March 2024 to achieve active governance over BII and to ensure that BII’s investments …

Government response. The Government agrees on the importance of measuring BIP impact and commits to publishing its British Investment Partnerships strategy by summer 2024, following consultation. However, it does not specifically commit to incorporating new stretching SMART targets for BII into FCDO …
7 Conclusion Ninth Report - Investment for developme… Accepted

Increase FCDO oversight of BII's thematic and geographic investment split in annual reporting.

The FCDO should have more oversight of the regional split of BII’s funds. It should actively monitor the thematic and geographic split of BII investments and include this within its annual reporting of ODA expenditure. The profiling of BII investment activity should also reflect the FCDO’s priorities, and this should …

Government response. The Government agrees on monitoring BII’s geographic split, noting existing monitoring through Quarterly Shareholder Meetings and publicly available data. The Minister for Development has set a new ambition for BII to commit over 50% of its annual investments to the …
8 Recommendation Ninth Report - Investment for developme… Accepted

Articulate BII's work promoting gender equality and targeting under-represented groups with clear impact proposals.

BII should articulate the work it strives to do to promote gender equality and target under-represented groups through its investee businesses by setting its own proposal for impact. This should set out the categories of people that are being targeted, the impact that the investments are targeting and the target …

Government response. The Government agrees that BII investments must support inclusive economic growth, stating that BII’s current 2022-26 strategy already includes objectives for inclusive development, integrated through its Impact Framework and Impact Score. The FCDO continues to monitor BII’s performance against this, …
9 Conclusion Ninth Report - Investment for developme… Deferred

Create a British Investment Partnerships strategy defining expectations and publicly reporting progress annually.

A British Investment Partnerships strategy is urgently needed to drive effective co- ordination of actors within the BIPs and to ensure the International Development Strategy’s objective of delivering development in partnership achieves maximum impact. The FCDO must create this strategy, outlining its expectations of all parties involved in those partnerships, …

Government response. The Government's response addresses BII's internal processes for assessing additionality in its investments and its exit strategy, explaining how these ensure development outcomes. However, it does not address the urgent need for a broader British Investment Partnerships strategy or the …
10 Conclusion Ninth Report - Investment for developme… Accepted

BII investments in middle-income countries are poorly targeted, risking lost development focus.

Some of BII’s investments in middle-income countries have been poorly targeted and do not appear to be reaching the poorest and most marginalised people. In some cases, BII investments have tenuous links to development impact. By concentrating its investments in middle-income countries, there is a risk that BII will lose …

Government response. The Government agrees that poverty reduction must be central to BII's investments, stating that BII's existing strategic objectives and Impact Score already integrate productive, sustainable, and inclusive development. It confirms BII's oversight of investments, including through intermediaries, and is satisfied …
11 Conclusion Ninth Report - Investment for developme… Deferred

Cap BII investments in middle-income countries to better distribute across different development needs.

BII must better distribute its investment across countries with different development needs and income status by capping the proportion of investments that it holds in middle-income countries, at a percentage determined by the Minister for Development, by 31 March 2025. The rate should be defined within BII’s investment policy and …

Government response. The government largely deflects the recommendation, describing existing oversight mechanisms and rejecting a 'full rolling audit'. It commits only to reviewing in 2024 whether additional spot checks of BII investments are required, rather than capping investments in middle-income countries.
12 Conclusion Ninth Report - Investment for developme… Accepted

Pursue BII investments with a clearer focus on inclusive growth and reducing inequality.

To ensure that poverty reduction is central to BII’s investment decisions, BII must pursue investments that demonstrate a clearer focus on driving inclusive economic growth and reducing financial and social inequality.

Government response. The government describes existing mechanisms for ministerial scrutiny of BII's budget and activities, and highlights independent evaluations that show BII's investments are on track to meet development impact goals, arguing that poverty reduction is already central.
13 Conclusion Ninth Report - Investment for developme… Accepted

BII fails to demonstrate investment additionality, crowding out commercial investors.

In some instances BII has not demonstrated the additionality of its investments and is consequently competing with and crowding out commercial investors.

Government response. The government agrees with the importance of transparency and states that BII will publish a Transparency Roadmap before the end of 2023, outlining its ambition to be the most transparent bilateral development finance institution and detailing specific short-term actions.
14 Conclusion Ninth Report - Investment for developme… Deferred

Target nascent markets and exit BII investments lacking proven additionality annually.

BII must target nascent markets that struggle to stimulate investment from the private sector. BII must annually assess the value it adds to investee companies. Where BII has not proven its additionality to an investment or its case for additionality is no longer valid, BII should exit that investment. (Paragraph …

Government response. The government deflects the recommendation regarding additionality and market focus, focusing instead on BII's transparency and stating that BII will publish a Transparency Roadmap with milestones to become the most transparent bilateral DFI.
15 Conclusion Ninth Report - Investment for developme… Accepted

Financial intermediaries channel UK funds to low-tax jurisdictions and questionable development investments.

Financial intermediaries can deliver market expertise, but such investment vehicles can result in UK taxpayers’ money being used to reward intermediary agents in low- tax jurisdictions. In some cases, the onward investments made by intermediaries have rewarded businesses with weak or questionable links to development.

Government response. The government partially accepts, agreeing on the importance of poverty reduction but states they are satisfied with BII's existing processes and oversight of investments made through intermediaries, which comply with key policies and support development.
16 Recommendation Ninth Report - Investment for developme… Accepted

Exert greater BII oversight of intermediaries, ensuring investments reduce inequality and generate local tax receipts.

To ensure that poverty reduction is central to BII’s investment decisions and to prioritise investments that are critical to recipient countries’ development needs, BII must: (a) take responsibility for where its money is invested by exerting greater oversight and control over the activities of financial intermediaries who invest UK taxpayers’ …

Government response. The government partially accepts the recommendation, stating that BII already has appropriate oversight and monitoring processes in place, which Ministers are satisfied with. The response highlights existing mechanisms for ensuring compliance with BII's policies and promoting poverty reduction through its …
17 Conclusion Ninth Report - Investment for developme… Accepted

BII's internal controls failed to prevent harmful investments and were slow to respond.

While the Abraaj example suggests that BII’s internal control flagged suspected fraudulent activity, in light of other reports we are forced to conclude that BII’s internal control failed to identify and prevent some investments that appear to have harmed society and the environment in low-income countries. In those cases, BII …

Government response. The government partially accepts, agreeing to hold BII accountable, but details existing mechanisms like corporate governance, FCA regulation, and independent verification by BlueMark, ICAI, and NAO, which it claims already ensure BII's due diligence and monitoring meet best practice standards.
18 Recommendation Ninth Report - Investment for developme… Accepted

FCDO must audit BII’s investment portfolio against ESG and development impact standards.

The FCDO must hold BII accountable for its due diligence and ongoing monitoring of its direct and indirect investments. To that end, FCDO must audit BII’s investment portfolio over a rolling five-year period against a set of environmental, social and governance (ESG) and development impact standards to validate BII’s internal …

Government response. The government partially accepts, agreeing it should hold BII accountable for due diligence and monitoring. It asserts that existing corporate governance arrangements, FCA regulation, and independent verification by bodies like BlueMark, ICAI, and NAO already ensure best practice and validate …
19 Recommendation Ninth Report - Investment for developme… Accepted in Part

Require BII to align its entire portfolio with the UK Government's development agenda, emphasising impact.

BII must ensure that its entire portfolio is aligned with the UK Government’s development agenda. With a diminished ODA budget there is more pressure to target development assistance towards the poorest and most marginalised groups: consequently, there is a greater responsibility for BII to actively manage its portfolio. It should …

Government response. The government partially accepts, agreeing ministers should maintain scrutiny over ODA and BII allocations. While stating BII annually monitors development impact for active investments since 2012 and current monitoring is appropriate, the FCDO will review in 2024 whether additional external …
20 Recommendation Ninth Report - Investment for developme… Accepted in Part

Require BII to perform annual impact assessments and divest from misaligned portfolio investments.

To deliver accountability and transparency and to operate in lockstep with the International Development Strategy, BII must assess the impact of its portfolio under previous strategy periods and actively manage its portfolio. BII must perform annual assessments of the impact delivered by all of its portfolio investments, including those businesses …

Government response. The government partially accepts, agreeing ministers should scrutinize the ODA budget and BII allocations. While stating BII already annually monitors impact for active investments since 2012 and that current monitoring is considered appropriate, the FCDO will review in 2024 whether …
21 Recommendation Ninth Report - Investment for developme… Accepted

Mandate BII to annually publish comprehensive investment performance data for greater transparency.

BII needs to work towards greater transparency of its investment data. As BII has stewardship over taxpayers’ money, there is greater responsibility to ensure propriety over its investments by annually publishing performance data. We welcome BII’s steps towards improving its transparency by creating a new role for a Transparency and …

Government response. The government accepts the recommendation, setting a goal for BII to rank as the most transparent bilateral DFI. BII will publish a Transparency Roadmap outlining its ambition and specific short-term milestones.
22 Recommendation Ninth Report - Investment for developme… Accepted in Part

Mandate BII to transparently report detailed financial, impact, and fossil fuel investment data annually.

BII must prioritise the monitoring and reporting of investment activity and transparently report its financial and impact data. This should include, but not be limited to: (a) the number and type of jobs created, (b) types and value of capital mobilised, (c) the 2X Challenge assessment of its portfolio according …

Government response. The government partially accepts, agreeing on the importance of monitoring and reporting. BII will publish a Transparency Roadmap and begin disclosing qualifying criteria for new 2X investments, while already reporting on some impact data. However, it does not explicitly commit …
23 Recommendation Ninth Report - Investment for developme… Accepted

Require BII to use the DFI Transparency Index as a roadmap for operational transparency.

BII should use Publish What You Fund’s DFI Transparency Index as a roadmap to increase the transparency of its operations and public disclosures. (Paragraph 117) Investment for development: The UK’s strategy towards Development Finance Institutions 59

Government response. The government accepts the recommendation, setting a goal for BII to rank as the most transparent bilateral DFI in the next Publish What You Fund index. BII will publish a Transparency Roadmap with specific short-term milestones to achieve this.

Oral evidence sessions

4 sessions
Date Witnesses
6 Jun 2023 Rt Hon Andrew Mitchell · Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office View ↗
25 Apr 2023 Diana Layfield · British International Investment, Nick O’Donohoe CMG · British International Investment View ↗
7 Mar 2023 David Kuijper · FMO, Joe Dharampal-Hornby · Impact Investing Institute, Mr Stuart Bradley · Phatisa Group Limited, Samantha Attridge · Overseas Development Institute View ↗
24 Jan 2023 Anna Marriot · Oxfam, Daniel Willis · Global Justice Now, Graham Gordon · Catholic International Development Charity (CAFOD), Paul James · Publish What You Fund View ↗

Correspondence

3 letters
DateDirectionTitle
10 Jan 2024 Correspondence from the Minister for Development & Africa relating to Clarifica…
10 Jan 2024 Correspondence to the Minister for Development & Africa relating to Clarificati…
5 Jul 2023 Correspondence from the Minister for Development and Africa regarding British I…