Select Committee · Environmental Audit Committee

Governing the marine environment

Status: Open Opened: 16 Dec 2024 18 recommendations 10 conclusions 1 report

The Environmental Audit Committee is undertaking an inquiry on governing the marine environment, which will focus on the UK's environmental obligations under marine treaties and how the UK is delivering on them, as well as the Government's strategy for marine planning and protection in its domestic waters. Read the call for evidence for more information … Show more

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Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
2nd Report - Governing the marine environment HC 551 5 Jun 2025 28 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

13 items
2 Recommendation 2nd Report - Governing the marine envir… Accepted in Part

Designate a lead department for marine governance and policy coordination by January 2026.

Given the lack of coordination, we recommend that one department must act as the lead authority for marine governance and the coordination of marine policy. This department should be responsible for engaging with other departments and bodies, including The Crown Estate, to ensure their needs are considered alongside competing demands. … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government partially agrees, stating that Defra is the lead department for marine planning and has led the cross-government Marine Spatial Prioritisation programme. However, they reject the idea of a single department having ultimate responsibility for all balancing and prioritisation decisions, noting that marine plans …
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4 Recommendation 2nd Report - Governing the marine envir… Accepted in Part

Strengthen stakeholder engagement across all marine policy areas within Defra.

Engaging stakeholders in a meaningful way is essential to ensure that decisions are inclusive, transparent, and responsive to both environmental and societal needs. For engagement to be effective, it must occur through appropriate forums, begin early in the decision-making process, and be maintained consistently throughout. Poor stakeholder engagement leads to … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government partially agrees, stating that stakeholder engagement is highly valued and central to policy delivery, with significant engagement already undertaken. They commit to reviewing how they can further improve engagement across all levels.
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5 Recommendation 2nd Report - Governing the marine envir… Accepted in Part

Develop and publish a comprehensive stakeholder engagement framework for marine decision-making by January 2025.

We recommend that the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) develops a comprehensive framework for engaging a diverse range of stakeholders, particularly coastal communities and underrepresented voices, early-on in marine decision-making and outline the responsible organisation for leading the engagement across areas of marine policy. This framework should … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government partially agrees, stating that stakeholder engagement is highly valued and already central to policy delivery. They commit to reviewing how they can further improve engagement but do not commit to developing and publishing a comprehensive new framework with specified elements by the recommended …
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9 Recommendation 2nd Report - Governing the marine envir… Accepted in Part

Ask DEFRA to clarify Marine Spatial Prioritisation Programme objectives and timeline for outputs

We ask the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) to clarify the objectives and planned timeline for outputs from the Marine Spatial Prioritisation Programme and explain how it contributes to the Department’s aims for “clean, healthy, safe, productive and biologically diverse oceans and seas”. We recommend that the … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government partially accepted the recommendation, clarifying MSPri's objectives and current focus on guiding offshore wind development and outlining the next phase to improve colocation. However, it explicitly stated that updating the UK Marine Policy Statement, as recommended for the planning framework, is not considered …
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11 Recommendation 2nd Report - Governing the marine envir… Accepted in Part

Call on DEFRA to publish assessment on impacts of marine spatial use changes

We call on the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) to publish an assessment on the impact of changes in marine spatial use on specific sectors. Affected sectors and associated stakeholders should be central to the assessment and planning of the transition. (Recommendation, Paragraph 41) Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledged impacts of sea use on sectors, referenced existing assessments through UKMS Part One and OSPAR, and mentioned ongoing stakeholder engagement for SSEP and MSPri. It also highlighted a £360 million 'Fishing & Coastal Growth Fund' to support the fishing industry's transition, leading …
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12 Recommendation 2nd Report - Governing the marine envir… Accepted in Part

Publish a plan for a just transition for marine sectors impacted by changes

The Government should publish a plan to secure a just transition for those affected by changes through targeted support, skills development, identification of long-term opportunities and associated funding. The support should reflect both traditional and emerging marine sectors, to ensure the retention of existing expertise while supporting the adoption of … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government partially agrees, committing to support the fishing industry's viability with the £360m Fishing & Coastal Growth Fund. However, it disagrees that a separate "plan for a just transition" is required, stating it will work directly with the industry instead.
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13 Conclusion 2nd Report - Governing the marine envir… Accepted in Part

Government failure to manage Marine Protected Area network allows damaging activities

We were concerned by Government failure to effectively manage gaps in the network of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). Deficient management and gaps in the network are allowing damaging activities to take place within MPA boundaries. (Conclusion, Paragraph 61) Read more

Government response AI summary
The government partially agrees, stating it is taking action to prevent damaging activities within MPAs. They highlight that 40% of English seas are MPAs, 60% have fishing byelaws, and a consultation is underway to ban bottom trawling in 41 more MPAs, though they will not …
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14 Recommendation 2nd Report - Governing the marine envir… Accepted in Part

Call on Government to ban seabed damaging practices within offshore Marine Protected Areas

We call on the Government to ban seabed damaging practices, such as bottom trawling, dredging and mining for aggregates, within offshore Marine Protected Area boundaries. (Recommendation, Paragraph 62)

Government response AI summary
The government partially agrees, stating it already has byelaws in 60% of MPAs and commenced consultation to ban bottom trawling in an additional 41 MPAs. However, it rejects whole-site bans, instead opting for targeted restrictions based on specific features, and manages other activities through licensing.
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19 Conclusion 2nd Report - Governing the marine envir… Accepted in Part

Marine Protected Areas' status must be maintained, not compromised by offshore energy development.

Nature recovery and restoration is a long-term process. It is of utmost importance that sites dedicated for marine protection maintain their status to allow habitats and ecosystems to recover and be effectively protected. 52 Whilst the expansion of offshore renewable energy development, like offshore wind farms, are critical for net … Read more

Government response AI summary
Defra recognizes the role that maintaining effective MPAs plays in conservation goals, and around 40% of waters are already designated as MPAs. The government disagrees with setting a specific target for HPMAs in Secretary of State waters but commits to designating new or extending existing …
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20 Recommendation 2nd Report - Governing the marine envir… Accepted in Part

Maintain Marine Protected Area status and expand network to cover vulnerable sites.

We call on the Government to maintain the status of designated Marine Protected Areas and ensure the expansion of the MPA network to cover vulnerable sites of comparable biodiversity to maximise its effectiveness. (Recommendation, Paragraph 77)

Government response AI summary
The government partially agrees, stating that 40% of English waters are already designated as MPAs, meeting the 30by30 target, and their priority is effective management. They are reviewing the MPA network and will consider the role of further HPMAs, but disagree with setting specific HPMA …
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22 Recommendation 2nd Report - Governing the marine envir… Accepted in Part

Direct Marine Recovery Fund compensatory measures to priority nature restoration initiatives.

We recommend that compensatory measures through the Marine Recovery Fund (MRF) should be directed to priority areas, particularly nature restoration initiatives, to ensure long-term nature recovery. (Recommendation, Paragraph 79) International Marine Treaties and Global Marine Protection Read more

Government response AI summary
The government partially agrees, stating the Marine Recovery Fund (MRF) will deliver strategic compensatory measures for offshore wind impacts, and Defra is consulting on reforms to these measures via a Statutory Instrument and guidance.
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24 Recommendation 2nd Report - Governing the marine envir… Accepted in Part

Set clear timeline for introducing legislation to ratify Global Oceans Treaty by September 2025.

We urge the Government to set a clear timeline for introducing the necessary primary legislation to ratify the Global Oceans / High Seas Treaty to send a clear signal of prioritising global marine protection. The timeline for ratifying this should be published within a month of this report and the … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government partially agrees, stating it is committed to ratifying the BBNJ Agreement and will introduce the necessary legislation by the end of the year. This timeline is later than the committee's requested ratification by 20 September 2025 and it does not explicitly commit to …
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26 Recommendation 2nd Report - Governing the marine envir… Accepted in Part

Require Government to publish its plan for aligning policies with the ITLOS marine pollution opinion.

We call on the Government to set out how it will align its policies with the advisory opinion issued by the International Tribunal for the Law of the Seas, including recognising greenhouse gas emissions as marine pollution and implementing measures to prevent, reduce, and mitigate such pollution based on the … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government partially agrees, stating it carefully considers the Tribunal’s Opinion and details ongoing efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including an 81% target by 2035 and the Maritime Decarbonisation Strategy. It does not commit to a specific plan for aligning policies with the ITLOS …
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Oral evidence sessions

4 sessions
Date Witnesses
2 Apr 2025 Emma Hardy MP · Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Helen Mulvein OBE · Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, Michelle Willis · Marine Management Organisation, Mike Rowe · Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Olivia Thomas · The Crown Estate, Ronan O’Hara · Crown Estate Scotland, The Rt Hon. the Baroness Chapman of Darlington · Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office View ↗
5 Mar 2025 Andrew Bell · UNESCO Biosphere, North Devon, Benj Sykes · Ørsted UK, Jacques Villemot · Rewilding Britain, Mark Russell · The Children’s Society, Mark Simmonds · The British Ports Association, Mike Cohen · National Federation of Fishermen’s Organisations (NFFO) View ↗
29 Jan 2025 Dr Gemma Harper OBE · Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Gareth Cunningham · Marine Conservation Society, Jennifer Godwin · Seabed User and Developer Group, Professor Heather Koldewey · Zoological Society of London, Professor Melanie Austen · University of Plymouth View ↗
8 Jan 2025 Alan Evans · National Oceanography Centre, David Tomaney · UK Hydrographic Office, Dr Michaela Schratzberger · Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Professor Malgosia Fitzmaurice · Queen Mary University of London, Professor Philippa Webb · University of Oxford, Professor Richard Barnes · University of Lincoln View ↗

Who gave evidence

24 witnesses
WitnessOrganisationSessions
Alan Evans · Head of Marine Policy National Oceanography Centre 1
Andrew Bell · Director UNESCO Biosphere, North Devon 1
Benj Sykes · Head of Ørsted UK Ørsted UK 1
David Tomaney · Chief Data Officer UK Hydrographic Office 1
Dr Gemma Harper OBE · Chief Executive Joint Nature Conservation Committee 1
Dr Michaela Schratzberger · Science Director (Environment) Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS) 1
Emma Hardy MP · Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State (Minister … Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 1
Gareth Cunningham · Director of Conservation and Policy Marine Conservation Society 1
Helen Mulvein OBE · Deputy Director for Ocean Policy, and Legal Couns… Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office 1
Jacques Villemot · Marine Rewilding Lead Rewilding Britain 1
Jennifer Godwin · Chief Executive Officer Seabed User and Developer Group 1
Mark Russell · Chief Executive The Children’s Society 1
Mark Simmonds · Director of Policy The British Ports Association 1
Michelle Willis · CEO Marine Management Organisation 1
Mike Cohen · CEO National Federation of Fishermen’s Organisations (NFFO) 1
Mike Rowe · Director for Marine and Fisheries Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 1
Olivia Thomas · Head of Planning and Technical The Crown Estate 1
Professor Heather Koldewey · Lead, Bertarelli Foundation’s Marine Science Prog… Zoological Society of London 1
Professor Malgosia Fitzmaurice · Chair of Public International Law Queen Mary University of London 1
Professor Melanie Austen · Professor of Ocean and Society University of Plymouth 1
Professor Philippa Webb · Professor of Public International Law University of Oxford 1
Professor Richard Barnes · Professor of International Law University of Lincoln 1
Ronan O’Hara · Chief Executive Crown Estate Scotland 1
The Rt Hon. the Baroness Chapman of Darlington · Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State (Latin Ame… Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office 1

Correspondence

6 letters
DateDirectionTitle
16 Oct 2025 To cttee Letter from the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs relating to …
9 Sep 2025 From cttee Letter to the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs relati…
26 Jun 2025 To cttee Letter from the Minister for the Indo-Pacific, FCDO, responding to the 6 June 2…
6 Jun 2025 To cttee Joint letter from the Chairs of the Environmental Audit Committee and the Inter…
6 Mar 2025 To cttee Letter from the Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Environment, Food & …
12 Feb 2025 To cttee Letter from the Chair of the Committee to the Secretary of State for Environmen…