Select Committee · Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee

COVID-19 and food supply

Status: Closed Opened: 19 Mar 2020 Closed: 24 Nov 2021 17 recommendations 9 conclusions 1 report

The Committee today is enquiring into food supply during the Coronavirus pandemic, including access to healthy food during periods of self-isolation, and how disruptions in the food supply chain should be managed. The Committee will initially identify current problems and strategies for mitigating potential risks. Read the key points on the impact of the coronavirus … Show more

Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
First Report - COVID-19 and food supply HC 263 30 Jul 2020 26 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

26 items
1 Conclusion First Report - COVID-19 and food supply Acknowledged

We consider that, once the crisis hit, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs...

We consider that, once the crisis hit, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) worked well with industry to put in place measures to help retailers to deal with significantly increased consumer demand.

Government response AI summary
The government expresses pleasure regarding the committee's observation that Defra worked well with the industry during the crisis and commits to continuing close collaboration with retailers.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
2 Conclusion First Report - COVID-19 and food supply Acknowledged

However, it appears that the Government had not anticipated how much retail demand would increase...

However, it appears that the Government had not anticipated how much retail demand would increase and that it would have a disruptive effect on food supply to consumers via retailers. Given that empty shelves were already being reported in other countries that were ahead of the UK with regards to … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the committee's observation, explaining that they were monitoring the situation and attributing increased retail demand to complex consumer behaviours. They commit to working with industry to learn from this experience and minimise future supply chain disruptions.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
3 Recommendation First Report - COVID-19 and food supply Accepted

It is entirely reasonable and predictable that consumers would want to buy more food in...

It is entirely reasonable and predictable that consumers would want to buy more food in anticipation of a lockdown, the need to self-isolate if they developed COVID-19 symptoms; or school closures and changed working patterns resulting in more meals eaten at home. The Government and retailers, including convenience stores, failed … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states it worked closely with supermarkets on messaging during the pandemic to reassure consumers. It commits to learning from the COVID-19 response and adapting its approach to future scenarios, aiming to deliver better aligned and joined-up communications with industry, placing more emphasis on …
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
4 Recommendation First Report - COVID-19 and food supply Accepted in Part

We heard concerns about the relaxation of competition law on smaller retailers and their suppliers.

We heard concerns about the relaxation of competition law on smaller retailers and their suppliers. Smaller retailers played a vital role in providing food to people during the pandemic, particularly where they were unable to get to supermarkets, and we suggest that in future, the Government must ensure that small … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government explains that exclusion orders clearly state the criteria for their validity, implying conditions for expiration are inherent. It also highlights ongoing monitoring by the GCA and close work with the Association of Convenience Stores, which has found no significant detrimental issues to consumers …
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
5 Conclusion First Report - COVID-19 and food supply Acknowledged

The spike in demand for online grocery shopping and home delivery was an obvious consequence...

The spike in demand for online grocery shopping and home delivery was an obvious consequence of measures designed to stop the spread of COVID-19. We commend the efforts of supermarkets and convenience stores in ramping up their capacity to offer online shopping throughout the pandemic. The Government’s temporary relaxation of … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government echoes the committee's commendation of supermarkets' efforts to expand online shopping capacity and agrees that the temporary relaxation of drivers' hours rules assisted deliveries, also noting the waiver of the carrier bag charge.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
6 Recommendation First Report - COVID-19 and food supply Acknowledged

There is no reason why the Government should have had any misconceptions about the capacity...

There is no reason why the Government should have had any misconceptions about the capacity of online retailers to cater for the increased demand from consumers shopping from home. Online accounted for a small proportion of the market before the pandemic and retailers were advising Defra on their capacity to … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government explains how it adapted public messaging and worked with retailers to manage online shopping demand during the initial phase of the pandemic, stating this experience will inform its approach to future communication, but does not clarify a specific plan for managing capacity mismatch …
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
7 Recommendation First Report - COVID-19 and food supply Accepted

The significantly increased demand for online shopping, combined with in-store measures to prevent the spread...

The significantly increased demand for online shopping, combined with in-store measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and limit excessive buying, have had a negative impact on people who are not shielding but struggling to access food, despite being able to afford it. We accept that some mistakes and compromises … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government highlights its past and ongoing close collaboration with retailers, local authorities, and charities to provide support and priority delivery slots for vulnerable people not shielding. It commits to continuing this work with industry and stakeholders in the future to ensure these groups can …
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
8 Conclusion First Report - COVID-19 and food supply Acknowledged

Use of food banks was increasing before the pandemic and has effectively doubled during the...

Use of food banks was increasing before the pandemic and has effectively doubled during the pandemic. It is likely that the situation will get worse before it gets better. Food bank use is normally a symptom of, amongst other things, a lack of sufficient income and social support, rather than … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledged the observation on increased food bank use by detailing £16 million in funding for food charities and outlining over £6.5 billion in additional welfare support, including increases to Universal Credit and Working Tax Credit.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
9 Recommendation First Report - COVID-19 and food supply Accepted in Part

During the early stages of the pandemic, however, supply to food banks and food aid...

During the early stages of the pandemic, however, supply to food banks and food aid organisations was disrupted. At the same time, a significant amount of food is still being wasted in the supply chain. Food waste must always be reduced, but, at a time of such critical need, it … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government explains that approximately £5 million of a £16 million fund has been allocated for food redistribution and commits to evaluating the impact of the £63 million provided to local authorities. However, the specific recommendation for continued annual £5 million funding for FareShare for …
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
10 Conclusion First Report - COVID-19 and food supply Not Addressed

With the need to quickly provide children with a substitute for free school meals after...

With the need to quickly provide children with a substitute for free school meals after schools closed, the Department for Education (DfE) designed a national voucher system. The speed with which it was set up was commendable and some teething problems were inevitable. However, the system has been beset by … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government response largely reiterates the committee's conclusion regarding the issues with the national free school meal voucher system, without providing the government's own assessment or actions taken in response to these criticisms.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
11 Recommendation First Report - COVID-19 and food supply Not Addressed

The Government should now be more flexible and recognise the importance and success of most...

The Government should now be more flexible and recognise the importance and success of most community-led responses to the provision of free school meal substitutes. Schools should be allowed to provide vouchers for whichever retailers serve their community best, without financial penalty. In addition, schools should be encouraged to continue … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government response largely reiterates the committee's observations about the problems with the national free school meal voucher system, but does not directly address the recommendation for greater flexibility, allowing schools to choose retailers, or encouraging direct catering without penalty.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
12 Recommendation First Report - COVID-19 and food supply Accepted

The distribution of food parcels to people who were Clinically Extremely Vulnerable (CEV) and without...

The distribution of food parcels to people who were Clinically Extremely Vulnerable (CEV) and without other means of support was a valuable way of ensuring that those people had access to basic foodstuffs. We accept that many of the complaints about the contents of parcels were likely to relate to … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the committee's comments on improving food parcel provision and commits to fully reflecting the experience and learning from the initial response in the design of any potential future service, should the national food box scheme need to be reinstated.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
13 Recommendation First Report - COVID-19 and food supply Not Addressed

One of the key questions for our inquiry was what the COVID-19 pandemic had shown...

One of the key questions for our inquiry was what the COVID-19 pandemic had shown about our food system, not just in terms of food supply, but also demand. There are clearly millions of people whose ability to afford sufficient, nutritious food has been severely disrupted or worsened. Lessons must … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees on the importance of addressing food insecurity, highlighting existing welfare support and funding for charities, and committing to continued inter-departmental and inter-nation collaboration. However, the response does not address the recommendation to consult on whether a “Right to Food” should be given …
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
14 Recommendation First Report - COVID-19 and food supply Rejected

The Government should amend the Agriculture Bill so that food security assessments should take place...

The Government should amend the Agriculture Bill so that food security assessments should take place yearly, rather than every five years.

Government response AI summary
The government explicitly rejected the recommendation for yearly food security assessments, stating that the current five-year cycle in the Agriculture Bill is sufficient and aligns with other policy cycles, and Defra conducts ongoing monitoring.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
15 Recommendation First Report - COVID-19 and food supply Acknowledged

Responsibility for food falls across several Government departments, but there is a risk that food...

Responsibility for food falls across several Government departments, but there is a risk that food insecurity falls between the cracks with no clear lead. The establishment of a cross-Government taskforce looking at food insecurity during the pandemic indicated that Defra recognised the value of coordination across Government. However, the national … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees that cross-government collaboration on food insecurity is crucial and states that departments continue to monitor the situation and engage with stakeholders. However, it does not commit to appointing a Minister for Food Security or to specific new measures for reporting food insecurity …
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
16 Conclusion First Report - COVID-19 and food supply Acknowledged

The closure of foodservice and hospitality businesses was a huge shock for their food and...

The closure of foodservice and hospitality businesses was a huge shock for their food and drink suppliers, particularly those providing perishable goods who were unable to find alternative markets quickly. The Government could have done more to anticipate problems that would arise, particularly as it was necessary Government health measures, … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government defends its monitoring and early engagement with the food chain during the pandemic, detailing its actions from January, in response to the committee's conclusion that more could have been done to anticipate supply chain disruption. It commits to learning from this experience to …
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
17 Recommendation First Report - COVID-19 and food supply Acknowledged

We cautiously welcome the decision to allow foodservice and hospitality businesses to reopen with reduced...

We cautiously welcome the decision to allow foodservice and hospitality businesses to reopen with reduced social distancing, as this will increase the likelihood that they and their food suppliers will survive the economic impact of the pandemic. The Government must ensure that foodservice and hospitality businesses that were thriving before … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the significant challenges faced by hospitality businesses and the need for their economic viability, noting that new measures are in response to this, but the full details are truncated in the provided response.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
18 Recommendation First Report - COVID-19 and food supply Accepted

The hospitality and foodservice sectors may take over a year to recover from forced closure...

The hospitality and foodservice sectors may take over a year to recover from forced closure and further financial difficulties are likely. The Government should work with producers, processors and wholesalers to understand their concerns and monitor the health of food and drink suppliers, particularly SMEs, over the next 18 months … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the difficulties faced by food and drink suppliers and outlines a comprehensive plan of existing financial support schemes, including a specific 'bounce back' package for food and drink SMEs (e-commerce, exports) and a VAT cut for hospitality, to support the sector during …
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
19 Conclusion First Report - COVID-19 and food supply Acknowledged

We would like to put on record our unreserved thanks to all the key workers...

We would like to put on record our unreserved thanks to all the key workers in the food supply chain whose efforts and sacrifices have meant that the nation is being fed during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Government response AI summary
The government joined the committee in thanking food supply chain workers, reiterating its gratitude and mentioning the past 'Food Heroes campaign' that recognised their efforts.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
20 Recommendation First Report - COVID-19 and food supply Accepted

Guidance on measures that businesses should take to protect workers, such as guidance on how...

Guidance on measures that businesses should take to protect workers, such as guidance on how to introduce social distancing and the use of personal protective equipment, was not issued quickly enough. We commend the processors, manufacturers, retailers and trade unions that developed and implemented COVID- secure working practices before the … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government stated it has already developed a rapid process for guidance development and established multiple forums with stakeholders and devolved administrations to improve coordination, addressing the recommendation for faster guidance issuance.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
21 Recommendation First Report - COVID-19 and food supply Accepted in Part

While there have been some outbreaks in meat and poultry processing plants in England and...

While there have been some outbreaks in meat and poultry processing plants in England and Wales, these have been in the minority, which is a testament to the efforts of the industry to keep workers safe. Further investigations should be carried out by the Government and industry on the reasons … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government commits to conducting investigations into transmission pathways in food processing plants with multiple agencies. However, it does not explicitly commit to gathering data on disincentives to self-isolate or specifically evaluating migrant worker issues as recommended.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
22 Conclusion First Report - COVID-19 and food supply Acknowledged

The COVID-19 pandemic was unanticipated, and yet the Government had been preparing for an influenza...

The COVID-19 pandemic was unanticipated, and yet the Government had been preparing for an influenza pandemic for many years; this too could have resulted in lockdowns, self-isolation and closures of businesses, with knock-on effects on food. We consider that Defra mounted an excellent and commendable response to the food system … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledged the committee's surprise regarding preparedness, explaining that food is a Critical National Infrastructure sector with recognized risks, and existing work for various scenarios informed their understanding of the supply chain. They stated COVID-19 presented unprecedented circumstances and highlighted the rapid, resilient response …
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
23 Conclusion First Report - COVID-19 and food supply Acknowledged

The measures put in place by Government to control the COVID-19 pandemic undoubtedly had a...

The measures put in place by Government to control the COVID-19 pandemic undoubtedly had a significant and disruptive effect on food systems in the UK. The food supply chain was, with time, Government support and the efforts of key workers, able to keep providing food to those who could afford … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges its actions to provide emergency food during the pandemic and commits to continued engagement with industry through existing groups like the FCELG to support the food sector and maintain food supply resilience.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
24 Recommendation First Report - COVID-19 and food supply Not Addressed

It is clear that before the pandemic, many people were already unable to have physical...

It is clear that before the pandemic, many people were already unable to have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that met their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. This was evidenced by the already-increasing demand for food banks over the … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government response outlines past financial support and welfare measures during the pandemic but does not address the recommendation's specific calls for a response to the National Food Strategy or setting priorities for a Minister for Food Security.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
25 Recommendation First Report - COVID-19 and food supply Accepted

The Government cannot afford to be complacent; even though the supply chain ultimately proved to...

The Government cannot afford to be complacent; even though the supply chain ultimately proved to be resilient, for several weeks shoppers were faced with empty shop shelves and (in effect) rationing of staple goods. This disruption largely came from changing patterns of demand caused by Government action, which is an … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government stated that Defra is conducting lessons learned exercises on consumer behaviour impacts and has reviewed Sector Security Resilience Plans in light of COVID-19 experiences, accepting the recommendation for improved planning.
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
26 Recommendation First Report - COVID-19 and food supply Acknowledged

If the UK leaves the transition period provided for by the UK’s withdrawal agreement with...

If the UK leaves the transition period provided for by the UK’s withdrawal agreement with the EU at the end of 2020 without a clear trading arrangement with the EU, the relaxation of competition law may again be called for. The Government should explain whether another relaxation of competition law … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states that competition law exclusion orders are for exceptional circumstances and that Defra will continue to work with the food industry for the end of the transition period, taking account of competition law, but does not explicitly explain whether another relaxation may be …
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Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs

Oral evidence sessions

5 sessions
Date Witnesses
23 Jun 2020 Andrew Kenny · Just Eat Takeaway.com, Anna Taylor · The Food Foundation, Kate Nicholls · UKHospitality, Professor Tim Lang · City University London's Centre for Food Policy View ↗
5 Jun 2020 Andrew Opie · British Retail Consortium, James Lowman · Association of Convenience Stores View ↗
19 May 2020 Ian Wright CBE · Food and Drink Federation, James Bielby · Federation of Wholesale Distributors, Mr Nick Allen · British Meat Processors Association View ↗
15 May 2020 Caroline Abrahams · Age UK, Emma Revie · Trussell Trust, Fazilet Hadi · Disability Rights UK, Lindsay Boswell · FareShare View ↗
5 May 2020 Jack Ward · British Growers Association, Minette Batters · National Farmers Union (NFU), Tom Hind · North York Moors National Park Authority, National Parks England View ↗

Who gave evidence

16 witnesses
WitnessOrganisationSessions
Andrew Kenny · UK Managing Director Just Eat Takeaway.com 1
Andrew Opie · Director of Food and Sustainability British Retail Consortium 1
Anna Taylor · Executive Director The Food Foundation 1
Caroline Abrahams · Charity Director Age UK 1
Emma Revie · Chief Executive Trussell Trust 1
Fazilet Hadi · Policy Manager Disability Rights UK 1
Ian Wright CBE · Chief Executive Food and Drink Federation 1
Jack Ward · Chief Executive Officer British Growers Association 1
James Bielby · Chief Executive Federation of Wholesale Distributors 1
James Lowman · Chief Executive Association of Convenience Stores 1
Kate Nicholls · Chief Executive UKHospitality 1
Lindsay Boswell · Chief Executive Officer FareShare 1
Minette Batters · President National Farmers Union (NFU) 1
Mr Nick Allen · Chief Executive Officer British Meat Processors Association 1
Professor Tim Lang · Emeritus Professor of Food Policy City University London's Centre for Food Policy 1
Tom Hind · Chief Executive Officer North York Moors National Park Authority, National Parks England 1

Correspondence

4 letters
DateDirectionTitle
16 Jun 2020 To cttee Letter from the CEO of Co-op food to the Chair regarding free school meal vouch…
16 Jun 2020 To cttee Letter from the Chair to Vicky Ford MP regarding free school meal vouchers, 9 J…
20 May 2020 To cttee Letter from the Chair to the Secretary of State regarding COVID-19 and food sup…
9 Apr 2020 Correspondence from Heather Hancock, Chair, Food Standards Agency

Meetings & visits

1 item
DateTypeDetail
30 Jun 2020 Formal meeting Environment Food and Rural Affairs Committee · Virtual meeting