Select Committee · Health and Social Care Committee

Coronavirus: lessons learnt

Status: Closed Opened: 6 Oct 2020 Closed: 28 May 2024 95 recommendations 305 conclusions 2 reports

The Health and Social Care Committee and Science and Technology Committee are holding a joint inquiry into lessons to be learned from the response to the coronavirus pandemic so far. The two Select Committees will jointly conduct evidence sessions examining the impact and effectiveness of action taken by government and the advice it has received. … Show more

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Reports

2 reports
Title HC No. Published Items Response
Sixth Report - Coronavirus: lessons learned to date HC 92 12 Oct 2021 200 Responded
Third Report - Coronavirus: lessons learned to date HC 92 12 Oct 2021 200 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

17 items
60 Conclusion Sixth Report - Coronavirus: lessons lea… Rejected

The operation of COBR was not well-suited to the modern demands of a pandemic response.

The operation of COBR was not well-suited to the modern demands of a pandemic response. It is especially concerning that its culture of confidentiality was considered by some to be so unreliable that alternative meetings were arranged that could command greater confidentiality among participants. Read more

Government response AI summary
The government explicitly states it does not accept the committee's conclusion that COBR's operation was not well-suited to a pandemic response and had unreliable confidentiality.
Read full response →
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology Department of Health and Social Care
61 Conclusion Sixth Report - Coronavirus: lessons lea… Rejected

The Civil Contingencies Secretariat did not have adequate resources to maintain a substantial standing capability...

The Civil Contingencies Secretariat did not have adequate resources to maintain a substantial standing capability to survey the development of potential threats, and it had a limited reach into the range of Government departments required to respond to a pandemic. The experience has been that this investment in resilience is … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government rejects the premise that the Civil Contingencies Secretariat had inadequate resources, stating that a range of existing capabilities, including the CCS itself, already identify and assess current and future risks effectively.
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Department for Science, Innovation and Technology Department of Health and Social Care
65 Recommendation Sixth Report - Coronavirus: lessons lea… Rejected

A standing capability should be established in Government, or reporting to it, to scan the...

A standing capability should be established in Government, or reporting to it, to scan the horizon for future threats, with adequate resource and counting on specialists with an independence from short-term political and administrative pressures.

Government response AI summary
The government rejects the recommendation, stating a dedicated standing capability is not needed as a range of existing complementary capabilities already identify and assess future risks.
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Department for Science, Innovation and Technology Department of Health and Social Care
76 Conclusion Sixth Report - Coronavirus: lessons lea… Rejected

The veil of ignorance through which the UK viewed the initial weeks of the pandemic...

The veil of ignorance through which the UK viewed the initial weeks of the pandemic was partly self-inflicted. As we examine in depth in Chapter 4, the UK failed to turn an early lead in developing a test for covid in January 2020 into a testing operation that was adequate … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government rejects the committee's conclusion, arguing it already has a range of complementary standing capabilities for identifying and assessing risks, including horizon scanning, the Joint Intelligence Organisation, the National Situation Centre, and the NSRA process, as well as future work by GO-Science to build …
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Department for Science, Innovation and Technology Department of Health and Social Care
147 Conclusion Sixth Report - Coronavirus: lessons lea… Rejected

Written evidence suggested that the inconsistency in Government messaging after the first wave of the...

Written evidence suggested that the inconsistency in Government messaging after the first wave of the pandemic was also damaging to public trust in official information.233 Analysis submitted by Leeds Beckett University showed that most members of the public did not trust information from the UK Government and that they were … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government rejects the committee's implied criticism by asserting that its messaging early in the pandemic was strong and effective in achieving public compliance, without addressing the specific concerns about inconsistency after the first wave or the negative impact of certain events on public trust.
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Department for Science, Innovation and Technology Department of Health and Social Care
153 Conclusion Sixth Report - Coronavirus: lessons lea… Rejected

The flattening the curve policy was implemented by introducing new restrictions only gradually and slowly,...

The flattening the curve policy was implemented by introducing new restrictions only gradually and slowly, acting as if the spread of the virus were susceptible to calibrated control. Modelling at the time suggested that to suppress the spread of covid-19 too firmly would cause a resurgence when restrictions were lifted. … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government implicitly rejects the committee's criticism of the 'flattening the curve' policy, stating that its decision-making was always informed by science and evidence and that quick and decisive action was taken when needed.
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Department for Science, Innovation and Technology Department of Health and Social Care
155 Conclusion Sixth Report - Coronavirus: lessons lea… Rejected

Science proceeds through challenge and disputation, and new theories are tested unflinchingly against evidence.

Science proceeds through challenge and disputation, and new theories are tested unflinchingly against evidence. Yet Ministers and other advisers reported that they felt it difficult to challenge the views of their official scientific advisers. Those in Government have a duty to question and probe the assumptions behind any scientific advice … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government implicitly rejects the committee's conclusion about the lack of challenge to scientific advice and the inconsistency of non-pharmaceutical interventions. It asserts that NPIs were key, decision-making was evidence-based, and quick decisive action was taken.
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Department for Science, Innovation and Technology Department of Health and Social Care
3 Conclusion Sixth Report - Coronavirus: lessons lea… Rejected

The operation of COBR was not well-suited to the modern demands of a pandemic response.

The operation of COBR was not well-suited to the modern demands of a pandemic response. It is especially concerning that its culture of confidentiality was considered by some to be so unreliable that alternative meetings were arranged that could command greater confidentiality among participants. Read more

Government response AI summary
The government rejects the committee's assessment of COBR's suitability and confidentiality, defending its role as the crisis management forum, its culture of confidentiality, and rigorous information security procedures.
Read full response →
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology Department of Health and Social Care
8 Recommendation Sixth Report - Coronavirus: lessons lea… Rejected

A standing capability should be established in Government, or reporting to it, to scan the...

A standing capability should be established in Government, or reporting to it, to scan the horizon for future threats, with adequate resource and counting on specialists with an independence from short-term political and administrative pressures. (Paragraph 65) Coronavirus: lessons learned to date 125 Read more

Government response AI summary
The government rejected the recommendation, stating that a range of complementary standing capabilities already exist within government (e.g., CCS, JIO, NSC, NSRA, GO-Science) to identify and assess future risks.
Read full response →
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology Department of Health and Social Care
12 Recommendation Sixth Report - Coronavirus: lessons lea… Rejected

The Armed Forces should have a more central and standing role in preparing for and...

The Armed Forces should have a more central and standing role in preparing for and responding to emergencies like pandemics, given the depth of capability and experience they have in planning, logistics and rapid mobilisation. The Civil Contingencies Secretariat should work with the Armed Forces to improve operational expertise in … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government rejects the recommendation, stating that existing protocols for Armed Forces support (MACA process) are fit for purpose, and highlighting the extensive support provided during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Department for Science, Innovation and Technology Department of Health and Social Care
18 Conclusion Sixth Report - Coronavirus: lessons lea… Rejected

During the first three months of the covid pandemic, the UK followed the wrong policy...

During the first three months of the covid pandemic, the UK followed the wrong policy in its use of non-pharmaceutical interventions. When the UK moved from the ‘contain’ to ‘delay’ stage, there was a policy of seeking to only moderate the speed of infection through the population—flattening the curve—rather than … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government's response implicitly rejects the committee's finding of 'wrong policy' and 'groupthink,' asserting that its decision-making was always informed by science and evidence and that it took quick, decisive action.
Read full response →
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology Department of Health and Social Care
19 Conclusion Sixth Report - Coronavirus: lessons lea… Rejected

The flattening the curve policy was implemented by introducing new restrictions only gradually and slowly,...

The flattening the curve policy was implemented by introducing new restrictions only gradually and slowly, acting as if the spread of the virus were susceptible to calibrated control. Modelling at the time suggested that to suppress the spread of covid-19 too firmly would cause a resurgence when restrictions were lifted. … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government implicitly rejects the committee's critique of the gradual implementation of the 'flattening the curve' policy, asserting instead that its decisions were informed by science and evidence, and it took quick and decisive action.
Read full response →
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology Department of Health and Social Care
60 Conclusion Third Report - Coronavirus: lessons lea… Rejected

The operation of COBR was not well-suited to the modern demands of a pandemic response.

The operation of COBR was not well-suited to the modern demands of a pandemic response. It is especially concerning that its culture of confidentiality was considered by some to be so unreliable that alternative meetings were arranged that could command greater confidentiality among participants. Read more

Government response AI summary
The government explicitly rejected the committee's assessment, disagreeing that COBR was ill-suited for pandemic response or that its confidentiality culture was unreliable. They defended COBR's role and ongoing review processes.
Read full response →
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology Department of Health and Social Care
61 Conclusion Third Report - Coronavirus: lessons lea… Rejected

The Civil Contingencies Secretariat did not have adequate resources to maintain a substantial standing capability...

The Civil Contingencies Secretariat did not have adequate resources to maintain a substantial standing capability to survey the development of potential threats, and it had a limited reach into the range of Government departments required to respond to a pandemic. The experience has been that this investment in resilience is … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government rejects the observation that the Civil Contingencies Secretariat lacked adequate resources and reach. It states that a range of existing capabilities, including near-term horizon scanning, the Joint Intelligence Organisation, and the National Situation Centre, already identify and assess risks.
Read full response →
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology Department of Health and Social Care
65 Recommendation Third Report - Coronavirus: lessons lea… Rejected

A standing capability should be established in Government, or reporting to it, to scan the...

A standing capability should be established in Government, or reporting to it, to scan the horizon for future threats, with adequate resource and counting on specialists with an independence from short-term political and administrative pressures.

Government response AI summary
The government rejects the recommendation to establish a new standing capability for horizon scanning, stating that a range of existing complementary capabilities already address this need, including the Civil Contingencies Secretariat, the Joint Intelligence Organisation, and the National Situation Centre.
Read full response →
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology Department of Health and Social Care
170 Conclusion Third Report - Coronavirus: lessons lea… Rejected

In evidence to the Science and Technology Committee on 25 March 2020 Public Health England...

In evidence to the Science and Technology Committee on 25 March 2020 Public Health England claimed to have formally studied, but rejected, the South Korean approach.255 Despite repeated requests by the Committee no evidence of such an evaluation has ever been produced. We must conclude that no formal evaluation took … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government partially accepts the recommendation by agreeing it is important to learn from other countries and detailing how UKHSA will facilitate this. However, it explicitly rejects the committee's specific conclusion that a negligent omission occurred or that a culture of rejecting assistance was established …
Read full response →
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology Department of Health and Social Care
8 Recommendation Third Report - Coronavirus: lessons lea… Rejected

A standing capability should be established in Government, or reporting to it, to scan the...

A standing capability should be established in Government, or reporting to it, to scan the horizon for future threats, with adequate resource and counting on specialists with an independence from short-term political and administrative pressures. (Paragraph 65) Coronavirus: lessons learned to date 125 Read more

Government response AI summary
The government rejects the recommendation, stating that a range of complementary standing capabilities already exist across various departments and organisations to identify and assess current and future risks.
Read full response →
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology Department of Health and Social Care

Oral evidence sessions

12 sessions
Date Witnesses
4 Mar 2024 Professor Dame Jenny Harries · UK Health Security Agency, Professor Sir John Bell · Oxford University View ↗
30 Nov 2022 Clara Swinson · Department for Health and Social Care, Dame Kate Bingham · UK Vaccine Taskforce, Dr Dame Jenny Harries OBE · UK Health Security Agency, Dr Thomas Waite · Department for Health and Social Care, Michelle Dyson · Department for Education, Neil O'Brien MP · Department for Health and Social Care, Professor Sir John Bell · Oxford University View ↗
10 Jun 2021 Rt Hon Matt Hancock · Department for Health and Social Care View ↗
26 May 2021 Dominic Cummings, Former Chief Adviser to the Prime Minister View ↗
26 Jan 2021 Sir Simon Stevens · NHS England and NHS Improvement View ↗
2 Dec 2020 Lord Mark Sedwill, Cabinet Secretary (2018-2020), Professor Dame Sally Davies, Chief Medical Officer for England (2010-2019), Sir Mark Walport, Government Chief Scientific Adviser (2013-2017), Sir Oliver Letwin, Cabinet Office Minister (2010-2016) View ↗
1 Dec 2020 Dr Habib Naqvi · NHS Race and Health Observatory, NHS Confederation, Iain Bell · Office for National Statistics, James O'Rourke, family carer, Professor Doctor Ramani Mooneshinghe · NHS England and NHS Improvement, Professor Kevin Fenton · Public Health England, Steve Scown · Dimensions UK View ↗
24 Nov 2020 Alex Thomas · Institute for Government, Clara Swinson · Department for Health and Social Care, Dr Jenny Harries · Department for Health and Social Care, Professor Devi Sridhar · University of Edinburgh, Rt Hon Matt Hancock · Department of Health and Social Care View ↗
10 Nov 2020 Baroness Dido Harding · NHS Test and Trace, Dr Susan Hopkins · UK Health Security Agency, Professor Dame Anne Johnson · University College London, Professor Dominic Harrison · Darwen Borough Council, Professor Gerard Krause · Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Professor Jo Martin · Royal College of Pathologists, Professor Sir Chris Ham · NHS Assembly, Professor Sir John Bell · Oxford University View ↗
4 Nov 2020 Kate Bingham · UK Vaccine Taskforce, Professor Andrew Pollard · University of Oxford, Professor Peter Horby · University of Oxford, Professor Robin Shattock · Imperial College London, Professor Wei Shen Lim · JCVI COVID-19 sub-committee View ↗
21 Oct 2020 Dr Clare Gardiner · Joint Biosecurity Centre, Dr Max Roser · Oxford Martin Programme on Global Development, Professor Axel Gandy · Imperial College London, Professor David Heymann · London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Professor John Edmunds OBE · London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Professor Mark Woolhouse OBE · University of Edinburgh, Sir Ian Diamond · Office of National Statistics View ↗
13 Oct 2020 David Pearson · Department of Health and Social Care, Helen Spalding, carer, Helen Whately MP · Department of Health and Social Care, Jane Townson · UK Homecare Association, Kathy Roberts · Care Providers Alliance, Michelle Dyson · Department for Education, Philip Scott, carer, Professor David Oliver · Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, Professor Jane Cummings · Department for Health and Social Care, Theresa Steed · Tunbridge Wells Care Centre View ↗

Who gave evidence

53 witnesses
WitnessOrganisationSessions
Professor Sir John Bell · Regius Professor of Medicine Oxford University 3
Clara Swinson · Director General Department for Health and Social Care 2
Michelle Dyson · Director for Qualifications, Curriculum and Extra… Department for Education 2
Alex Thomas · Programme Director Institute for Government 1
Baroness Dido Harding · Chair NHS Test and Trace 1
Dame Kate Bingham · Chair (May-December 2020) UK Vaccine Taskforce 1
David Pearson · Chair, Social Care Support Taskforce Department of Health and Social Care 1
Dominic Cummings, Former Chief Adviser to the Prime Minister 1
Dr Clare Gardiner · Director Joint Biosecurity Centre 1
Dr Dame Jenny Harries OBE · Chief Executive UK Health Security Agency 1
Dr Habib Naqvi · Director NHS Race and Health Observatory, NHS Confederation 1
Dr Jenny Harries · Deputy Chief Medical Officer for England Department for Health and Social Care 1
Dr Max Roser · Director Oxford Martin Programme on Global Development 1
Dr Susan Hopkins · Chief Medical Advisor UK Health Security Agency 1
Dr Thomas Waite · Deputy Chief Medical Officer Department for Health and Social Care 1
Helen Spalding, carer 1
Helen Whately MP · Minister of State Department of Health and Social Care 1
Iain Bell · Deputy National Statistician and Director of Popu… Office for National Statistics 1
James O'Rourke, family carer 1
Jane Townson · Chief Executive Officer UK Homecare Association 1
Kate Bingham · Chair UK Vaccine Taskforce 1
Kathy Roberts · Chair Care Providers Alliance 1
Lord Mark Sedwill, Cabinet Secretary (2018-2020) 1
Neil O'Brien MP · Minister for Primary Care and Public Health Department for Health and Social Care 1
Philip Scott, carer 1
Professor Andrew Pollard · Trial Chief Investigator University of Oxford 1
Professor Axel Gandy · Chair in Statistics Imperial College London 1
Professor Dame Anne Johnson · Professor of Infectious Disease Epidemiology University College London 1
Professor Dame Jenny Harries · Chief Executive UK Health Security Agency 1
Professor Dame Sally Davies, Chief Medical Officer for England (2010-2019) 1
Professor David Heymann · Professor of Infectious Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine 1
Professor David Oliver · Geriatric Consultant Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust 1
Professor Devi Sridhar · Professor of Global Public Health University of Edinburgh 1
Professor Doctor Ramani Mooneshinghe · National Clinical Director for Critical Care NHS England and NHS Improvement 1
Professor Dominic Harrison · Director of Public Health Darwen Borough Council 1
Professor Gerard Krause · Head of Department for Epidemiology Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research 1
Professor Jane Cummings · Adult Social Care Testing Director Department for Health and Social Care 1
Professor Jo Martin · President Royal College of Pathologists 1
Professor John Edmunds OBE · Professor London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine 1
Professor Kevin Fenton · Public Health and Regional Director for London Public Health England 1
Showing 40 of 53.

Correspondence

15 letters
DateDirectionTitle
22 May 2024 Professor Dame Jennifer Harries (UKHSA) on vaccination data 16.05.24
22 May 2024 Professor Dame Jennifer Harries on the long term health impacts of covid infect…
27 Jan 2023 Correspondence from the Committee to Professor Dame Jenny Harries OBE in relat…
27 Jan 2023 Correspondence from the Committee to Neil O'Brien MP, Minister for Primary Care…
27 Jan 2023 Correspondence from the Committee to the Secretary of State for International …
13 Jan 2023 Correspondence from Neil O’Brien MP, Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for…
13 Jan 2023 Correspondence from Professor Dame Jenny Harries regarding Coronavirus Lessons …
14 Jan 2022 Correspondence from from the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care rega…
27 Oct 2021 Correspondence from Rt Hon Sajid Javid MP, Secretary of State for Health and So…
23 Jun 2021 Correspondence from the Chairs of the Science and Technology Committee and the …
9 Jun 2021 Correspondence from Greg Clark MP and Jeremy Hunt MP to Dominic Cummings, Forme…
13 Jan 2021 To cttee Letter from the Deputy National Statistician on international comparisons of ma…
12 Jan 2021 To cttee Letter from the National Clininical Director for Critical and Perioperative Car…
23 Nov 2020 Correspondence from Baroness Dido Harding regarding oral evidence follow-up
17 Nov 2020 From cttee Joint Chair letter to Baroness Dido Harding following up from evidence session …

Meetings & visits

2 items
DateTypeDetail
7 Sep 2021 Formal meeting (private meeting) · The Thatcher Room, Portcullis House
9 Dec 2020 Formal meeting · The Boothroyd Room, Portcullis House