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Indemnity regulation reform

Paterson Inquiry · Report of the Independent Inquiry into the Issues raised by Paterson · Issued 4 February 2020 · Addressed to: Department of Health and Social Care

Government responseDepartment of Health and Social Care: Under consideration (Dec 2021)

DeliveryDepartment of Health and Social Care says in progress (Jun 2026)DHSC and NHS England say in progress (Feb 2026)DHSC states no delivery position (May 2024)

Recommendation, verbatim from the inquiry

●Inquiry recommendation

We recommend that the Government should, as a matter of urgency, reform the current regulation of indemnity products for healthcare professionals in light of the serious shortcomings identified by this Inquiry and introduce a nationwide safety net to ensure patients are not disadvantaged.

Paterson Inquiry, Report of the Independent Inquiry into the Issues raised by Paterson · 4 Feb 2020 Source PDF →

Published evidence summary

AI-generated evidence summary

In June 2026, Baroness Merron stated for the Department of Health and Social Care that a sector-led voluntary Code of Practice introduced in January 2025 was undergoing an independent implementation evaluation, to be followed by an impact evaluation to determine whether further interventions are required (Baroness Merron, Jun 2026). Earlier, the Thirlwall Inquiry legal team found in May 2024 that reform of clinical negligence cover remained a challenging issue, with three options due to be explored through ongoing work (The Thirlwall Inquiry legal team, May 2024).

AI-generated summary of the record on this page, checked by a second model and automatic checks, 26 Sep 2026.

Government response

●Department of Health and Social Care · Under consideration · 16 Dec 2021

Words of: Department of Health and Social Care, Government response to the independent inquiry report into the issues raised by former surgeon Ian Paterson, 16 December 2021

Pending

In 2018, the government launched a consultation on appropriate clinical negligence cover for regulated healthcare professionals. This sought views on whether to change legislation to ensure that all regulated healthcare professionals in the UK not covered by state indemnity hold regulated insurance, rather than discretionary indemnity.

The government has now extended this programme to consider the issues raised by the inquiry and is committed to bringing forward proposals for reform in 2022.

The government’s response to this recommendation is pending. We recognise that a system needs to be in place to ensure patients have confidence that they can access appropriate compensation if harmed while receiving care, including when harm arises from criminal acts or omissions. We are now building on previous work in this area to address the root causes of the difficulties faced by Ian Paterson’s patients.

Extract from: Government response to the independent inquiry report into the issues raised by former surgeon Ian Paterson

Delivery

●Department of Health and Social Care says in progress · 30 Jun 2026

Following the Paterson Inquiry recommendations, the Department has worked with the Medical Defence Union, the Medical Protection Society, and the Medical and Dental Defence Union of Scotland to introduce a sector-led voluntary Code of Practice on 6 January 2025. The code aims to improve the transparency and clarity of medical defence organisations’ operations and the discretionary indemnity they provide healthcare professionals whose activities, for instance private practice, are not covered by state schemes.

The code is currently undergoing a short-term independent implementation evaluation commissioned by the Department through the National Institute for Health and Care Research. This will be followed by an impact evaluation to determine whether further interventions are required.

From: Health Professions: Insurance (written question UIN HL964)

●DHSC and NHS England say in progress · 27 Feb 2026

In March 2024 the Government announced the MDOs’ intention to implement a sector led Code of Practice by the end of 2024 which would act as a safeguard to make the system more transparent as highlighted in the Government’s December 2022 update to the Paterson Inquiry. The Code will be evaluated following implementation to determine its effectiveness.

The Department of Health and Social Care also published the report of an independent survey commissioned to understand healthcare professionals’ indemnity arrangements.

Based on the feedback of the survey and wide-ranging stakeholder feedback, DHSC is also looking at how to improve healthcare professionals’ knowledge of their clinical negligence cover and its importance for patients.

From: The Thirlwall Inquiry: Review of Implementation of Recommendations from Previous Inquiries into Healthcare Issues (version dated April 2025)

Site note: DHSC and NHS England's own account of progress, supplied to the Thirlwall Inquiry in September 2024 and printed in the Inquiry legal team's Review of Implementation of Recommendations from Previous Inquiries into Healthcare Issues (version dated April 2025, published 27 February 2026). It is not a finding of the Inquiry. Their reviewed extent of implementation reads “In progress”. Table row: section 29.2 No. P7 / Action 7.1, PDF page 745.

●DHSC states no delivery position · 15 May 2024

Action 7.1

A summary of responses to the consultation was published on 15 December 2022. As highlighted in the 15/12/22 progress update, we have been assessing options such as safeguarding measures like a sector led Code of Practice.

Based on wide ranging stakeholder feedback, we are also working on an education and training framework for the sector to improve healthcare professionals’ knowledge of their clinical negligence cover and its importance for patients.

In addition, we have commissioned an independent survey of healthcare professionals’ indemnity arrangements. The report will be published shortly along with an update on progress.

From: The Thirlwall Inquiry: Review of Implementation of Recommendations from Previous Inquiries into Healthcare Issues (version of 15 May 2024), The Department of Health and Social Care

Site note: DHSC's own comments on progress, supplied to the Thirlwall Inquiry in February 2024 and printed in the Inquiry legal team's Review of Implementation of Recommendations from Previous Inquiries into Healthcare Issues (version of 15 May 2024). They are not a finding of the Inquiry. Table row: section 26.2 No. P7 / Action 7.1, PDF page 742-743.

Earlier statements on delivery (0)

●Department of Health and Social Care · 8 Jul 2025

This short-term evaluation focuses on the implementation of the Code. We will be exploring a further commission to assess impact and whether further interventions are required.

From: Clinical Indemnities Reform (written statement HLWS789)

●Department of Health and Social Care · 8 Jul 2025

I am pleased to report that through the National Institute for Health and Care Research, my Department has commissioned an independent evaluation of the sector-led Voluntary Code of Practice (the Code) launched by medical defence organisations (MDOs) on 6th January this year.

The intention to develop a sector-led Code to address concerns highlighted by the Paterson Inquiry report was previously announced in March 2024. The Code has now been launched as planned by the Medical Defence Union, Medical Protection Society and Medical and Dental Defence Union of Scotland.

From: Clinical Indemnities Reform (written statement HLWS789)

●Department of Health and Social Care · 7 Mar 2024

Following engagement with patients and the wider sector last year, I am pleased that medical defence organisations propose to implement a sector-led Code of Practice by end of 2024. The aim of this Code is to provide greater transparency around this system of discretionary indemnity.

For example, there will be more information on how decisions are made to assist healthcare professionals to pay patients compensation. The Code will include an escalation procedure with an independent review of disputed claims assistance decisions. Importantly, the Code will now offer healthcare professionals information on the basis of any decisions to decline claims.

We welcome the Code as a meaningful step forward. The Department of Health and Social Care will evaluate its implementation, including the long-term impact on patients and healthcare professionals, to determine whether further intervention is required. I will provide an update on further steps to reform the clinical negligence cover system, such as addressing cover for criminal acts or when a healthcare professional has otherwise worked outside the terms of their cover, in due course.

From: Clinical Indemnities Reform (written statement HCWS318)

●Department of Health and Social Care · 15 Dec 2022

DHSC is making progress on several fronts, building on a previous consultation on appropriate clinical negligence for regulated healthcare professionals, and broadening the scope of the work to criminal or intentional acts and omissions. The summary of consultation responses was published on 15 December 2022.

Developing the evidence base is a key component of this work. We are achieving this through extensive stakeholder engagement and a survey of healthcare professionals to help us understand the impacts of potential solutions. We will provide a further update in 2023.

From: Government response to the independent inquiry report into the issues raised by former surgeon Ian Paterson: 12-month implementation progress update

What other bodies have found

In their own words. These do not change the delivery statement above.

●Thirlwall Inquiry legal team · 15 May 2024

Action 7.1:

In 2018, the government launched a consultation on appropriate clinical negligence cover for regulated healthcare professionals, which was then extended to cover the issues raised by the Inquiry. The consultation was published on 15 December 2022. It was noted to be a challenging issue and 3 options were noted which are due to be explored through ongoing work.

From: The Thirlwall Inquiry: Review of Implementation of Recommendations from Previous Inquiries into Healthcare Issues (version of 15 May 2024)

Site note: The Thirlwall Inquiry legal team's own notes on implementation, from its Review of Implementation of Recommendations from Previous Inquiries into Healthcare Issues (version of 15 May 2024). The review does not colour its Extent of Implementation cell for this recommendation green; it leaves the cell uncoloured where a recommendation was rejected, where evidence of implementation was insufficient, or where steps had been taken but implementation was not yet complete. Table row: section 26.2 No. P7 / Action 7.1, PDF page 742-743.

How this page is built

The recommendation and the government responses are verbatim from primary documents. Delivery statements and other bodies' findings are shown in their own words, each with its source. The summary is written by this site and labelled as such. The Index does not paraphrase sources or characterise intent; it records what has been published.