Source · Prevention of Future Deaths

Tung Tran

Ref: 2026-0259 Date: 11 May 2026 Coroner: Richard Brittain Area: Inner North London Responses identified: 1 / 2 View PDF

Concerns were raised about the lack of national guidance for monitoring and prescribing in hepatitis B reactivation prevention. There is also insufficient specialised commissioning to maintain patient engagement for those identified with hepatitis B through opt-out emergency department screening.

Date 11 May 2026
56-day deadline 6 Jul 2026
Responses identified 1 of 2

Coroner's concerns

AI summary
Concerns were raised about the lack of national guidance for monitoring and prescribing in hepatitis B reactivation prevention. There is also insufficient specialised commissioning to maintain patient engagement for those identified with hepatitis B through opt-out emergency department screening.
View full coroner's concerns
1.  There is a lack of national guidance regarding which services should be responsible for the monitoring and prescribing in relation to hepatitis B  reactivation prevention; (concern directed to BASL) 

2.  There is a large population of patients who are found to have hepatitis B  infection through opt-out screening in Emergency Departments but there is a lack of specialised commissioning to maintain subsequent  engagement with services. I heard that this differs from the position with  regards to hepatitis C and HIV services, even though these patient  populations are smaller (concern directed to UKHSA)

Responses

1 respondent
British Association for the study of the Liver
6 Jul 2026 PDF
Action Planned

The British Association for the Study of the Liver (BASL) clarifies it does not develop clinical guidelines. It plans to incorporate hepatitis B reactivation risks and prevention into its webinar and conference programmes in the coming year to highlight gaps in monitoring and prescribing. (AI summary)

View full response
Dear Mr Brittain,

Re: Prevention of Future Deaths Report

The British Viral Hepatitis Group (BVHG) is a sub-group of the British Association for the Study of the Liver (BASL). BASL is a charitable specialist society dedicated to advancing knowledge and understanding of liver diseases and to the optimal care of patients with those diseases. These aims are principally achieved through dissemination of research and sharing of clinical expertise and through the promotion of opportunities for collaboration in liver research. BASL does not lead the development or publication of clinical guidelines.

There are two groups of patients requiring antiviral therapy when undergoing immunosuppressive treatment:
• The first is those patients with a diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) defined by the presence of a positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) on two occasions 6 months apart. These CHB patients are usually managed in specialist hepatology services and the responsibility of monitoring and prescribing lies with these services.
• The second group is those patients who are HBsAg negative but hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) positive. These patients are at risk of hepatitis B reactivation in the setting of immunosuppressive treatment. There are many different specialties who prescribe immunosuppressive regimens, including (but not limited to) haematology, oncology, and non-liver organ transplant services. Guidance regarding the need for antiviral therapy for such patients is provided by the relevant specialist societies and frequently also in local NHS Trust guidance. There is variation between NHS Trusts as to whether this monitoring and prescribing is delivered by the treating team or whether specialist hepatology services are involved.

The British Association for the Study of the Liver (BASL) Secretariat Office c/o Executive Business Support Ltd Stowe House, St Chad’s Road, Lichfield, Staffordshire WS13 6TJ

Limited Company No: 5017662. Registered Charity No: 1106320
• In line with the educational role of BASL and BVHG we have previously and will again incorporate the risks of hepatitis B reactivation and its prevention and management into our webinar and conference programmes in this coming year. We will use this forum to highlight the risks of gaps in monitoring and prescribing of antiviral treatment for participants to take back to their local services.

Additionally, we will continue to highlight the role of health inequalities and access to care that also appears to have impacted the outcome in this case as we recognise these as being major issues for people living with viral hepatitis infections more widely.

Report sections

Investigation and inquest
On 2/10/25, an investigation was commenced into the death of Tung Thanh Tran, aged 41 years. I heard the subsequent inquest on 13/3/26. 

The medical cause of death was determined to be:  
1.a. Acute liver failure 
1.b. Sepsis (unknown source) 
1.c. Hepatitis B reactivation owing to cessation of medication
2. Immunosuppression for renal transplantation

Mr Tran died at Royal Free Hospital, London on 12/9/25

Inquest Conclusion  Mr Tran died of complications arising from reactivation of a viral illness, which arose from inadvertent discontinuation of necessary medical treatment.
Circumstances of the death
Mr Tran had a background history of renal transplant in 2013 and was  diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B as part of this process. After a period of  disengagement from services, Mr Tran was discharged from hepatology but continued to receive viral reactivation prophylaxis (Entecavir) from renal  transplant services.  

Supply of medication changed to home delivery in early 2025 but the Entecavir was inadvertently discontinued, as there was a presumption that hepatology  would continue to prescribe this. Mr Tran appears to have understood this to  have been an intentional change of his medication.  

He attended his local hospital in August 2025 with signs of acute liver disease  from reactivation of hepatitis B and was transferred to the Royal Free Hospital. He was too unwell to be considered for liver transplant and sadly died on 12  September 2025.
Action should be taken
In my opinion unless action is taken to address the above concerns then there is a significant risk of future deaths and I believe each of you have the power  to take such action.
Copies sent to
I can confirm I have sent the report to2. The Royal Free Hospital

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Report details

Reference
2026-0259
Date of report
11 May 2026
Coroner
Richard Brittain
Coroner area
Inner North London

Responses identified

Responses identified 1 of 2
1 response not yet linked

Organisations named in PFD reports are normally expected to respond within 56 days. Deadline: 6 Jul 2026.

Sent to

British Association for the study of the Liver
UK Health Security Agency

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