No response yet · No statement from Youth Custody Service found
Recommended
The Inquiry was told that children should only be placed in custody as a last resort. However, it was concerned to hear evidence that some children are remanded in custody because of a lack of appropriate community provision. Given that the proportion of children in custody on remand is so high, this is an issue of significant concern. The Chair and Panel recommend that the Youth Custody Service commissions research into why the child remand population is as high as it is. If the reason is a lack of appropriate community provision (nationally or in certain areas), or otherwise unrelated to a genuine need for those children to be remanded in custody, the Chair and Panel recommend that the Youth Custody Service, with appropriate partner agencies, puts an action plan in place to address this.
Since then (summary written by this site)
The Inquiry asked the Youth Custody Service to research why child remand is high. The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse, summarising a Ministry of Justice response of July 2019 on a web page archived in October 2022, recorded that the Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022 received Royal Assent in April 2022, with section 157 tightening legal tests for remanding children to custody (The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse, Oct 2022). In January 2022, the department published its review of custodial remand for children, which examined factors behind the rising remand proportion, highlighted the "ethnic disproportionality of remand", and committed to considering greater use of bail and local authority provision (The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse, Oct 2022).
No response yet · No statement from Ministry of Justice found
Recommended
The Chair and Panel consider that the use of pain compliance techniques should be seen as a form of child abuse, and that it is likely to contribute to a culture of violence, which may increase the risk of child sexual abuse. The Chair and Panel recommend that the Ministry of Justice prohibits the use of pain compliance techniques by withdrawing all policy permitting its use, and setting out that this practice is prohibited by way of regulation.
Since then (summary written by this site)
The recommendation asks the Ministry of Justice to prohibit pain compliance techniques. The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse, summarising a response of July 2019 on a web page archived in October 2022, recorded that the department confirmed in April 2021 that the Youth Custody Service had established the Independent Restraint and Behaviour Panel (The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse, Oct 2022). It noted that in June 2020 the department published the Charlie Taylor Review alongside a response stating it would remove pain-inducing techniques from the Minimising and Managing Physical Restraint (MMPR) syllabus (The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse, Oct 2022). However, the review recommended that staff may still use pain-inducing techniques to prevent serious physical harm, and the sources do not mention prohibition by regulation (The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse, Oct 2022).
No response yet · No statement from Ministry of Justice found
Recommended
The Chair and Panel recommend that the Ministry of Justice and the Department for Education share policy responsibility for managing and safeguarding children in custodial institutions. This is to ensure that standards applied in relation to children in custody are jointly focussed on discipline and securing child welfare.
Since then (summary written by this site)
The recommendation asks the Ministry of Justice to share policy responsibility for children in custody. The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse, summarising a response of July 2019 on a web page archived in October 2022, reported that the department accepted the principle behind the recommendation (The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse, Oct 2022). According to the Inquiry, the department stated its ambition was to replace all Youth Offender Institutions and Secure Training Centres with secure schools and Secure Children’s Homes, for which the Department for Education has policy responsibility, while interim work was being conducted to ensure a child-focused ethos (The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse, Oct 2022).
No response yet · No statement from Youth Custody Service found
Recommended
The Chair and Panel recommend that the Youth Custody Service takes steps to ensure that its training provides staff with an appropriate understanding of safeguarding in the context of the secure estate, and that this is regularly reviewed and updated.
Since then (summary written by this site)
The recommendation asks the Youth Custody Service to regularly review and update staff safeguarding training. In October 2022, The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse recorded that the Ministry of Justice stated in May 2022 that the service was drafting guidance to complement mandatory safeguarding training for new staff, subject to targeted public consultation (The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse, Oct 2022). The department also stated in May 2022 that the service intended to publish a Safeguarding Strategy outlining longer term training plans (The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse, Oct 2022). In its October 2022 record, the inquiry noted that the service had published a national safeguarding review in October 2019 recommending localized training to address emerging sector needs (The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse, Oct 2022).
No response yet · No statement from Ministry of Justice found
Recommended
As the Inquiry set out in its Interim Report, professional registration of the workforce in settings responsible for the care of vulnerable children complements regulation of institutions by a separate, independent regulator. The Government has agreed in principle that professional regulation of staff in children's homes in England could provide an effective additional means of protecting children. It has indicated that it will be conducting an evidence-gathering exercise to inform further action. The Chair and Panel now recommend that the Ministry of Justice introduces arrangements for the professional registration of staff in roles responsible for the care of children in YOIs and STCs. The Interim Report recommendation already applies to staff working with children in SCHs.
Since then (summary written by this site)
The recommendation asks the Ministry of Justice to introduce professional registration for custodial care staff. In an update archived in October 2022, The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse reported that the department stated in May 2022 that it was considering the review (The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse, Oct 2022). The department had stated in November 2021 that it had concluded its review of evidence gathered through targeted stakeholder consultation across youth justice, and committed to notify the Inquiry of the outcome as soon as possible (The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse, Oct 2022).
No response yet · No statement from Ministry of Justice found
Recommended
The Chair and Panel note that Prison Service Instruction (PSI) 08/2012, which sets out the mandatory actions for YOIs and STCs for 'maintaining a safe and secure environment', has expired. The Chair and Panel recommend that the Ministry of Justice revises and publishes this PSI to provide clear guidance on how custodial institutions must respond to allegations of child sexual abuse. This should include a requirement for all allegations to be referred to a child protection professional who is independent of the institution. The Chair and Panel also recommend that all institutions, including those which are privately run, publish their safeguarding local procedures in full as well as regular reports about their use, to aid scrutiny and increase transparency.
Since then (summary written by this site)
The recommendation asks for expired Prison Service safeguarding guidance to be revised and published. In an account archived in October 2022, the Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse recorded that the Ministry of Justice stated in May 2022 that early work had started on producing the Care and Management of Young People framework to replace Prison Service Instruction (PSI) 08/2012 (The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse, Oct 2022). The department also confirmed that the Youth Custody Service was drafting "Keeping Children Safe in Secure Settings" guidance (The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse, Oct 2022). The account did not mention independent referrals of abuse allegations or requirements for institutions to publish safeguarding procedures and regular reports (The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse, Oct 2022).
Annual expenditure (not cumulative). Core participant legal costs were funded but not separately reported in IICSA financial statements - they may be included within Legal or Other costs. Other costs include safeguarding services, consultancy, and stationery.
Cumulative total over 8 years. The inquiry ran from 2015 to October 2022, with final report published 20 October 2022. Core participant legal costs were funded but not separately reported in IICSA financial statements.
Annual expenditure (not cumulative). Core participant legal costs were funded but not separately reported in IICSA financial statements - they may be included within Legal or Other costs. Other costs include safeguarding services, consultancy, and stationery.
Annual expenditure (not cumulative). Core participant legal costs were funded but not separately reported in IICSA financial statements - they may be included within Legal or Other costs. Other costs include safeguarding services, consultancy, and stationery.
Annual expenditure (not cumulative). Core participant legal costs were funded but not separately reported in IICSA financial statements - they may be included within Legal or Other costs. Other costs include safeguarding services, consultancy, and stationery.
Annual expenditure (not cumulative). Core participant legal costs were funded but not separately reported in IICSA financial statements - they may be included within Legal or Other costs. Other costs include safeguarding services, consultancy, and stationery.
Annual expenditure (not cumulative). Core participant legal costs were funded but not separately reported in IICSA financial statements - they may be included within Legal or Other costs. Other costs include safeguarding services, consultancy, and stationery.
Annual expenditure (not cumulative). Core participant legal costs were funded but not separately reported in IICSA financial statements - they may be included within Legal or Other costs. Other costs include safeguarding services, consultancy, and stationery.
Annual expenditure (not cumulative). Core participant legal costs were funded but not separately reported in IICSA financial statements - they may be included within Legal or Other costs. Other costs include safeguarding services, consultancy, and stationery.
Cumulative total over 8 years. The inquiry ran from 2015 to October 2022, with final report published 20 October 2022. Core participant legal costs were funded but not separately reported in IICSA financial statements.
Written QuestionHouse of CommonsRebecca Paul · Conservative
Asked: To ask the Secretary of State for Justice, how many people have been (a) prosecuted and (b) convicted for sexual offences committed in nursery, pre-school or other early years settings, broken down by (i) sex of the offender, (ii) offence type and (iii) age of …
Answered by Ministry of Justice: This Government is resolutely committed to delivering meaningful change for victims of child sexual abuse and will do everything in its power to prevent the horrors of these appalling crimes. Cases of such abuse committed in nurseries and early years settings are particularly shocking. The Ministry of Justice publishes data on prosecutions and convictions for a wide range of offences, …
Written QuestionHouse of CommonsSuella Braverman · Reform UK
Asked: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, if she will hold discussions with the police on the potential merits of commissioning a further investigation into abuse at Grafton Close covering the full period the home was operational.
Answered by Home Office: The Government is committed to tackling all forms of child sexual abuse and exploitation, ensuring victims and survivors receive appropriate care and support and pursuing offenders and bringing them to justice. Operation Fernbridge was a police‑led investigation that has now closed. The Operation resulted in one conviction for the sexual assault of a child at Grafton Close. Decisions about the …
Written QuestionHouse of CommonsSuella Braverman · Reform UK
Asked: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, what assessment she has made of the adequacy of (a) the timeframe and (b) other aspects of Operation Fernbridge for investigating allegations of child sexual abuse at Grafton Close children’s home.
Answered by Home Office: The Government is committed to tackling all forms of child sexual abuse and exploitation, ensuring victims and survivors receive appropriate care and support and pursuing offenders and bringing them to justice. Operation Fernbridge was a police‑led investigation that has now closed. The Operation resulted in one conviction for the sexual assault of a child at Grafton Close. Decisions about the …
Written QuestionHouse of CommonsCameron Thomas · Liberal Democrat
Asked: To ask the hon. Member for Battersea, representing the Church Commissioners, what criteria are used to assess whether safeguarding arrangements in the Church of England are adequate.
Answered by Church Commissioners: In response to the recommendations made in the IICSA Enquiry, an independent audit programme delivered by INEQE was commissioned across all dioceses, cathedrals & the National Safeguarding Team. INEQE use the National Safeguarding Standards to measure progress. The standards are available here: https://www.churchofengland.org/safeguarding/national-safeguarding-standards To date, INEQE have reviewed the National Safeguarding Team and 22 dioceses, including their cathedrals. 17 of …
Written Ministerial StatementHouse of LordsBaroness Smith of Malvern · Labour
Statement: My Rt Hon Friend, the Secretary of State for Education and Minister for Women and Equalities (Bridget Phillipson MP) has made the following statement:In December I gave a statement to the House on the Metropolitan police investigation into child sexual abuse in Camden. Today, Vincent …
Written Ministerial StatementHouse of CommonsBridget Phillipson · Labour
Statement: In December I gave a statement to the House on the Metropolitan police investigation into child sexual abuse in Camden. Today, Vincent Chan is due to appear for sentencing at Wood Green Crown Court in relation to 56 offences, to which he has pleaded guilty.His …
Written QuestionHouse of CommonsSarah Pochin · Reform UK
Asked: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, whether her Department plans to commission a national public awareness programme on child sexual abuse.
Answered by Home Office: The Tackling Child Sexual Abuse Progress Update, published in April last year, set out clearly the actions the Government is taking to respond to IICSA’s recommendations. We are now delivering on those commitments overseen by an inter-ministerial group on child sexual abuse chaired by the Minister for Safeguarding and Violence Against Women and Girls. Child Protection Authority Last month the …
Written QuestionHouse of CommonsSarah Pochin · Reform UK
Asked: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, when the Government intends to bring forward legislation to introduce mandatory reporting of child sexual abuse by designated professionals, in the context of the recommendation of the Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse.
Answered by Home Office: The Tackling Child Sexual Abuse Progress Update, published in April last year, set out clearly the actions the Government is taking to respond to IICSA’s recommendations. We are now delivering on those commitments overseen by an inter-ministerial group on child sexual abuse chaired by the Minister for Safeguarding and Violence Against Women and Girls. Child Protection Authority Last month the …
The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse, chaired by Professor Alexis Jay OBE, published its final report in October 2022 after seven years of investigation into institutional responses to child sexual abuse in England and Wales. The inquiry made 107 recommendations aimed at improving child protection across multiple sectors including criminal justice, education, religious institutions, and online safety.
The government's response shows 65 recommendations (61%) were accepted, 30 (28%) accepted in principle, and 12 (11%) not accepted. According to the progress updates, 41 recommendations (38%) are marked as completed, though this classification requires scrutiny of the actual evidence of implementation.
Published evidence indicates several concrete changes have occurred. The Online Safety Act 2023 incorporated provisions for age verification and child protection online. The Crime and Policing Bill introduced in February 2025 establishes mandatory reporting duties for child sexual abuse. The police complaints system removed time limits for historical abuse complaints in 2020. Religious institutions, particularly the Church of England and Church in Wales, introduced new safeguarding measures and governance structures.
However, significant gaps remain between acceptance and action. Many recommendations accepted in 2022 show limited published evidence of progress. The creation of a Child Protection Authority for England remains at consultation stage. Professional registration schemes for care workers and youth custody staff continue under review despite being recommended. The government rejected extending Disclosure and Barring Service checks to UK nationals working overseas, stating it could not legislate for employment practices in foreign countries.
The pattern emerging from the evidence suggests institutional willingness to accept recommendations but slower progress on implementation requiring legislative change or significant resource allocation. Where progress has occurred, it has often been in areas requiring policy updates rather than structural reform. The three-year gap since publication has seen movement on some fronts, particularly in online safety and mandatory reporting, but many core recommendations addressing systemic issues await substantive action beyond initial acceptance.
Reforms attributed to this inquiry · AI-generated- The Online Safety Act 2023 introduced provisions requiring providers of regulated services to conduct assessments of whether children are likely to access their service, with age verification provisions to be enforced from July 2025 - The Crime and Policing Bill (February 2025) introduced clauses establishing a mandatory reporting duty for child sexual abuse disclosures, with criminal offences for interfering with reports - The Independent Office of Police Conduct published statutory guidance (February 2020) removing the 12-month time limit for child sexual abuse complaints against police - The Church of England's Safeguarding (Code of Practice) Measure came into force (October 2021), replacing the existing duty to have 'due regard' with a statutory code - The Cabinet Office updated honours forfeiture guidance (September 2021) allowing formal statements where forfeiture proceedings would have been initiated for deceased recipients - The UK ratified the Lanzarote Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse (June 2018) - The Interim Code of Practice on Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation was published (December 2020)Unfinished business · AI-generated- Recommendation for a Child Protection Authority in England remains pending, with consultation on a roadmap planned - Professional registration of residential childcare staff and youth custody staff remains under review despite recommendations - Extension of Disclosure and Barring Service scheme to UK nationals working overseas was not accepted, with government citing jurisdictional concerns - Requirement for Electoral Commission to monitor safeguarding policies of political parties would require legislative change not yet pursued - Three-year time limit for civil child sexual abuse claims remains in place, though government has committed to its removal - Compensation scheme time limits for child sexual abuse victims remain unchanged despite recommendation for extension - Many recommendations accepted in principle await final government responses beyond initial six-month deadline
The Thirlwall Inquiry legal team's Review of Implementation of Recommendations from Previous Inquiries into Healthcare Issues (version dated April 2025, published 27 February 2026) sets out 4 of this inquiry's recommendations that this site holds, with its own notes on implementation. It colours a recommendation's Extent of Implementation cell green where it found evidence that the recommendation had been clearly implemented: 4 not coloured green.
The Thirlwall Inquiry legal team's Review of Implementation of Recommendations from Previous Inquiries into Healthcare Issues (version of 15 May 2024) sets out 4 of this inquiry's recommendations that this site holds, with its own notes on implementation. It colours a recommendation's Extent of Implementation cell green where it found evidence that the recommendation had been clearly implemented: 4 not coloured green.
Findings about the inquiry's recommendations as a whole
Home Affairs Select Committee(21 Jan 2025)
This site's summary of the finding: Professor Alexis Jay told Home Affairs Committee that £187m was spent on IICSA and "to date none of its final recommendations had been implemented." Called for "full implementation" saying "get it done."