Recommendation 23

Although the government’s resilience framework highlighted that developing resilience requires a ‘whole of society’ approach, it has not set out what the respective roles of central government, local government, the devolved administrations, the private and voluntary sectors, and the public are.41 We also received written evidence from several organisations and academics highlighting that roles and responsibilities for infrastructure providers, local government, the private sector, the voluntary sector and the public lack clarity.42 Considering other countries’ approaches, the Australian government, for example, has issued statements of responsibility for government, business, the third sector and individuals.43 With so many parties involved the lack of clarity means there is a risk of it not being clear who is responsible for what and a risk of actions not being taken.44