Select Committee · Public Accounts Committee

Management of tax reliefs

Status: Closed Opened: 27 May 2020 Closed: 14 Sep 2020 14 recommendations 16 conclusions 1 report

The Committee has opened an inquiry into the UK’s management of “tax expenditures”: tax reliefs which are granted on certain activities or goods. There are two broad categories of tax reliefs: structural tax reliefs that are integral parts of the tax system - like the basic rate of income tax relief - and non-structural tax … Show more

Clear

Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
Twelfth Report: Management of tax reliefs HC 379 20 Jul 2020 30 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

18 items
4 Recommendation Twelfth Report: Management of tax relie… Accepted

HMRC cannot explain why the cost of some tax reliefs is considerably greater than government...

HMRC cannot explain why the cost of some tax reliefs is considerably greater than government forecasts presented to Parliament. Government forecasts of the cost of tax reliefs are prepared by HMRC and scrutinised by the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR). The costs of some new tax reliefs are double the … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the recommendation. HMRC will expand commentary on cost variances and their reasons in the 2020 statistical publication and publish more information on initial forecast estimates for high priority non-structural tax reliefs starting in October 2020, explaining where comparisons are not feasible.
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HM Treasury
6 Recommendation Twelfth Report: Management of tax relie… Accepted

HMRC and HM Treasury are far too slow in identifying and responding to some of...

HMRC and HM Treasury are far too slow in identifying and responding to some of the most serious problems identified with reliefs, including cases of abuse. In June 2014, we found that the exchequer departments did not respond promptly to unexpected increases in the costs of tax reliefs. In March … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees to explain how it will accelerate its response to problems with tax reliefs, stating it already keeps them under review and takes action. It further commits to setting and publishing criteria for evaluating tax reliefs and considering indicators to enhance understanding of …
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HM Treasury
8 Conclusion Twelfth Report: Management of tax relie… Accepted

The need for greater monitoring of the impact of tax reliefs was also raised with...

The need for greater monitoring of the impact of tax reliefs was also raised with us by key stakeholders in the sector. We heard from the Chartered Institute of Taxation, which raised concerns about “the almost total lack of attention, at least so far as is visible to the outside … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government recognises the importance of transparency and commits that HMRC will implement a more structured programme of internal evaluation work in 2021, with plans to start publishing this analysis from the same year.
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HM Treasury
9 Conclusion Twelfth Report: Management of tax relie… Accepted

Evaluations typically cost between £50,000 and £250,000.

Evaluations typically cost between £50,000 and £250,000. The NAO estimated that HMRC had spent around £2 million on evaluating tax reliefs since 2015. HMRC has an annual central research budget of £2 million per year to fund evaluations of tax reliefs and other research to inform its wider business and … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states HMRC will continue to publish external evaluations and include relevant internal findings in consultation documents, and will implement a structured programme to publish internal analysis from 2021, subject to ministerial approval.
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HM Treasury
12 Conclusion Twelfth Report: Management of tax relie… Accepted

HMRC collects and reports data on who benefits from some tax reliefs.

HMRC collects and reports data on who benefits from some tax reliefs. For example, HMRC reports annually on the number of people gaining from entrepreneurs’ relief 13 Written Evidence MTE0002 – Mr Richard Wild, Chartered Institute of Taxation, published 10 June 2020 14 C&AG’s report, paras 3.4 and 3.5 15 … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the committee, and HMRC will improve accessibility of data in its statistics and publicly report more information on beneficiaries of significant non-structural tax reliefs by the end of 2021, subject to data availability.
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HM Treasury
13 Conclusion Twelfth Report: Management of tax relie… Accepted

We asked HMRC what assessment it had made to determine who benefited from another large...

We asked HMRC what assessment it had made to determine who benefited from another large tax relief, the VAT relief on the construction of new dwellings. HMRC forecast that the relief cost £15 billion in 2018–19. We asked whether the relief would distinguish between the benefit of someone spending large … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees, and HMRC will improve the accessibility of its statistics and publicly report more information on beneficiaries of significant non-structural tax reliefs by the end of 2021, where data is available, acknowledging limitations for some reliefs like VAT on new dwellings.
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HM Treasury
15 Conclusion Twelfth Report: Management of tax relie… Accepted

We were concerned that the lack of available information on some large reliefs had meant...

We were concerned that the lack of available information on some large reliefs had meant that it was not possible for HMRC and HM Treasury to know whether all of those who were expected to benefit had been able to do so and whether a relief is working. We heard … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees to publish available data showing who benefits from pension tax reliefs by December 2021, acknowledging data limitations but committing to work towards improving published information.
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HM Treasury
17 Recommendation Twelfth Report: Management of tax relie… Accepted

When we examined tax reliefs in June 2014, we found that many tax reliefs were...

When we examined tax reliefs in June 2014, we found that many tax reliefs were introduced without clear objectives. As part of our evidence session in 2014, HM Treasury told us that it was rare to have detailed objectives for reliefs, which we noted was a cause for huge concern.30 … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government accepts the recommendation and will explore the best way to collate and publish the objectives of non-structural tax reliefs throughout 2021, with a target implementation date of Autumn 2021.
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HM Treasury
18 Recommendation Twelfth Report: Management of tax relie… Accepted

Some tax reliefs incentivise behaviour, while others represent a choice by government to reduce the...

Some tax reliefs incentivise behaviour, while others represent a choice by government to reduce the tax burden on particular groups or sectors. In 2019, HMRC completed an assessment of reliefs with economic and social objectives, resulting in them being grouped into three broad categories reflecting the broad type of outcome … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government accepts the recommendation and will explore the best way to collate and publish the objectives of non-structural tax reliefs throughout 2021, with a target implementation date of Autumn 2021.
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HM Treasury
19 Recommendation Twelfth Report: Management of tax relie… Accepted

We asked the exchequer departments why new reliefs were being introduced with unclear objectives.

We asked the exchequer departments why new reliefs were being introduced with unclear objectives. HMRC responded that some tax reliefs were expected to apply to a certain group and reflected a political choice about who or what to tax. It gave the example of marriage allowance, which recognises marriage in … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government accepts the recommendation and will explore the best way to collate and publish the objectives of non-structural tax reliefs throughout 2021, with a target implementation date of Autumn 2021.
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HM Treasury
20 Recommendation Twelfth Report: Management of tax relie… Accepted

When we examined tax reliefs in 2014 we found that HMRC published estimates of only...

When we examined tax reliefs in 2014 we found that HMRC published estimates of only 46 reliefs which had economic and social objectives.35 Since then HMRC has responded to our recommendations that it be more transparent. In October 2019, it published for the first time a list of all 362 … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government accepts the recommendation, committing to HMRC publishing external evaluations and internal findings in consultation documents, and initiating a structured internal evaluation program from 2021, with a target implementation date of December 2021.
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HM Treasury
21 Recommendation Twelfth Report: Management of tax relie… Accepted

Government’s published estimates of the costs of tax reliefs are prepared by HMRC and scrutinised...

Government’s published estimates of the costs of tax reliefs are prepared by HMRC and scrutinised by the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) in its role as the government’s official forecaster. Higher costs can indicate that a tax relief is working well or that it is not being used as intended.39 … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government accepts the recommendation, stating that HMRC will expand commentary on the variance of high priority non-structural tax reliefs over time in its 2020 statistics and plans to publish more information on initial forecast estimates from October 2020.
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HM Treasury
22 Conclusion Twelfth Report: Management of tax relie… Accepted

HMRC has not compared the costs of tax reliefs to government’s original published forecasts.

HMRC has not compared the costs of tax reliefs to government’s original published forecasts. The NAO examined the costs of ten tax reliefs introduced since 2013. Of these, the costs of four tax reliefs were at least double government’s original forecasts. For example, the research and development scheme for large … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees and states that HMRC will expand commentary on cost variance in 2020 statistics and plans to publish more information on initial forecast estimates for high priority non-structural tax reliefs starting October 2020.
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HM Treasury
23 Conclusion Twelfth Report: Management of tax relie… Accepted

We asked the exchequer departments whether reliefs costing double what HMRC had forecast meant that...

We asked the exchequer departments whether reliefs costing double what HMRC had forecast meant that they were out of control. They asserted that they could not anticipate everything when they made their forecasts. They outlined factors that could affect costs including shifts in science and technology, reliefs driving changes in … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government accepts the implied recommendation to address forecast variances by expanding commentary on costs and publishing more information on initial forecast estimates in its tax relief statistics, starting October 2020.
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HM Treasury
24 Recommendation Twelfth Report: Management of tax relie… Accepted

We asked HMRC and HM Treasury what action they took to follow up on cost...

We asked HMRC and HM Treasury what action they took to follow up on cost forecasts and understand the actual costs of new tax reliefs. HM Treasury told us that there was a variety of reasons why the cost of a tax relief might be different to what was expected … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the recommendation, and HMRC will expand commentary on cost variances over time for high priority non-structural tax reliefs in its 2020 statistics, and publish more information on initial forecast estimates starting in October 2020.
Read full response →
HM Treasury
26 Conclusion Twelfth Report: Management of tax relie… Accepted

In our June 2014 report on tax reliefs we concluded that the exchequer departments did...

In our June 2014 report on tax reliefs we concluded that the exchequer departments did not respond promptly to unexpected increases in the costs of reliefs. We found that HMRC took time to react when it noticed a cost increase as it wanted to ensure that its response was appropriate, … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees to accelerate response times for tax reliefs, stating it already keeps them under review and takes action, but also committing to set and publish criteria for evaluating tax reliefs and consider indicators to improve understanding of their value.
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HM Treasury
28 Conclusion Twelfth Report: Management of tax relie… Accepted

Research and development tax relief for small- and medium-sized enterprise is designed to support companies...

Research and development tax relief for small- and medium-sized enterprise is designed to support companies that work on innovative projects in science and technology.57 The cost of the research and development relief for small- and medium-sized enterprises increased from £0.8 billion in 2014–15 to £2.2 billion in 2017–18. This increase … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government outlines existing steps taken to combat abuse of R&D tax relief, including using ‘spotlights’ to warn of concerns, increasing compliance staff by 100 FTE, requiring CT600 forms with tax computations from April 2019, and engaging with the R&D Consultative Committee.
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HM Treasury
30 Conclusion Twelfth Report: Management of tax relie… Accepted

The main cause of lost tax on the research and development scheme for small- and...

The main cause of lost tax on the research and development scheme for small- and medium-sized enterprises is from poor quality claims, which has been an issue since the scheme was introduced. We raised the issue with HMRC of the higher than expected number of claims for the relief and … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government reiterates its actions to combat abuse and poor-quality R&D claims, including using ‘spotlights’ for warnings, increasing compliance staff by 100 FTE, implementing new CT600 filing requirements from April 2019, and regular engagement with the R&D Consultative Committee.
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HM Treasury

Oral evidence sessions

1 session
Date Witnesses
10 Jun 2020 Beth Russell · Her Majesty's Treasury, Jim Harra · HMRC, Ruth Stanier · HM Revenue and Customs, Sir Tom Scholar · HM Treasury View ↗

Who gave evidence

4 witnesses
WitnessOrganisationSessions
Beth Russell · Director General, Tax and Welfare Her Majesty's Treasury 1
Jim Harra · Permanent Secretary and Chief Executive HMRC 1
Ruth Stanier · Director General, Customer Strategy and Tax Design HM Revenue and Customs 1
Sir Tom Scholar · Permanent Secretary HM Treasury 1

Correspondence

3 letters
DateDirectionTitle
13 Jan 2021 Correspondence from Jim Harra, Chief Executive and First Permanent Secretary, H…
6 Jul 2020 Correspondence from HM Revenue and Customs on the Committee's inquiry Managemen…
6 Jul 2020 Correspondence from HM Treasury on the Committee's inquiry Management of tax re…