Select Committee · Justice Committee

The Future of Legal Aid

Status: Closed Opened: 7 Sep 2020 Closed: 14 Sep 2023 32 recommendations 11 conclusions 1 report

This inquiry is looking at the major challenges facing legal aid clients and providers and how they might be tackled. The legal aid system in England and Wales was fundamentally changed by the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 (LAPSO). Since then, there have been several legislative changes and post-legislative reviews of … Show more

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Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
3rd Report - The Future of Legal Aid HC 70 27 Jul 2021 43 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

19 items
2 Recommendation 3rd Report - The Future of Legal Aid Deferred

The changes made as part of the Criminal Legal Aid Review are positive and show...

The changes made as part of the Criminal Legal Aid Review are positive and show that the Government recognises the need to make improvements to the criminal legal aid framework. It is particularly welcome that the Government has acted on pre-charge engagement. However, much more needs to be done to … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees on the importance of sustainability and states that Sir Christopher Bellamy QC's Independent Review is considering the resilience of the criminal legal aid market; they will address the issue in their response to his review.
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Ministry of Justice
3 Conclusion 3rd Report - The Future of Legal Aid Deferred

Without significant reform there is a real chance that there will be a shortage of...

Without significant reform there is a real chance that there will be a shortage of qualified criminal legal aid lawyers to fulfil the crucial role of defending suspects and defendants. This risks a shift in the balance between prosecution and defence that could compromise the fairness of the criminal justice … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the concern and states it is being considered as part of an Independent Review into Criminal Legal Aid, with a commitment to respond to the review's final report by the end of 2021.
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Ministry of Justice
4 Recommendation 3rd Report - The Future of Legal Aid Deferred

There appears to be a growing imbalance between the ability of criminal defence firms to...

There appears to be a growing imbalance between the ability of criminal defence firms to recruit and retain staff and that of the Crown Prosecution Service. It is fundamental to our adversarial justice system that criminal defence services have sufficient resources to provide high-quality representation to suspects and defendants. We … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government has deferred consideration of linking legal aid fees to CPS pay rates, noting that profitability and comparison to CPS pay are being examined as part of the Independent Review into Criminal Legal Aid, and will be addressed in its response to the review.
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Ministry of Justice
5 Recommendation 3rd Report - The Future of Legal Aid Deferred

The lack of any increase to criminal legal aid fees for solicitors over the past...

The lack of any increase to criminal legal aid fees for solicitors over the past 20 years needs to be addressed. Sir Christopher Bellamy’s current review, commissioned by the Government, gives an opportunity to do this. Thereafter, fees and rates should be regularly reviewed in line with inflation, otherwise the … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government injected up to £51m per annum into the criminal legal aid system in September 2020. However, the core issues of criminal legal aid fees and regular inflationary reviews are being considered by the Criminal Legal Aid Independent Review, and the government will address …
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Ministry of Justice
6 Recommendation 3rd Report - The Future of Legal Aid Deferred

The criminal justice system will be stronger if able and experienced advocates at the criminal...

The criminal justice system will be stronger if able and experienced advocates at the criminal bar are able to do publicly funded legal aid work. The gap between private and public rates has grown substantially in the past decade, and while a significant gap is to be expected, we agree … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government highlights a previous £51m funding injection and states that the Criminal Legal Aid Independent Review's terms of reference include a fee review, committing to address this issue in its response to the review's final report by the end of 2021.
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Ministry of Justice
8 Conclusion 3rd Report - The Future of Legal Aid Deferred

The justice system needs talented lawyers from all backgrounds to choose to practise criminal law...

The justice system needs talented lawyers from all backgrounds to choose to practise criminal law and for the professions to be able to retain them. In 2018, The Future of Legal Aid 67 our predecessor Committee stated “that current difficulties in recruitment to the Criminal Bar could have a negative … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges concerns regarding diversity and retention in criminal legal aid, stating that this issue is being considered as part of an Independent Review, to which they are committed to responding before the end of 2021.
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Ministry of Justice
9 Recommendation 3rd Report - The Future of Legal Aid Deferred

The predominance of inadequate fixed fees in the current framework is problematic.

The predominance of inadequate fixed fees in the current framework is problematic. The structure of the fees does not reflect the complexity of the work required, nor does it incentivise firms to take on the most difficult cases at an early stage. The Government should reform the fee structure to … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government has deferred action on reforming the fee structure for criminal legal aid, indicating that the matter is being considered by the Criminal Legal Aid Independent Review, and will be addressed in its response to the review's final report.
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Ministry of Justice
10 Recommendation 3rd Report - The Future of Legal Aid Deferred

The Committee’s inquiry on court capacity has focused on the Crown Court where the delays...

The Committee’s inquiry on court capacity has focused on the Crown Court where the delays are the most acute. In that context, it is imperative that the criminal legal aid system should be structured to facilitate resolution of cases at the earliest possible stage in the process. Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states that the Criminal Legal Aid Independent Review is currently considering how the legal aid system's structure and advice provision could increase efficiency, committing to address this issue in its response to the review's final report by the end of 2021.
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Ministry of Justice
11 Recommendation 3rd Report - The Future of Legal Aid Deferred

The criminal legal aid system should be restructured so that it enables legal aid lawyers...

The criminal legal aid system should be restructured so that it enables legal aid lawyers to provide effective representation at every stage of the process, works for complex cases and sustains providers in all areas of England and Wales. The Government should reduce the role of fixed fees within the … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government refers to previous funding injections and states that the Criminal Legal Aid Independent Review's terms of reference include a section on fee review, committing to address the issue in its response to the review's final report by the end of 2021.
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Ministry of Justice
12 Recommendation 3rd Report - The Future of Legal Aid Deferred

The current criminal legal aid system does not provide enough incentives for legal representatives to...

The current criminal legal aid system does not provide enough incentives for legal representatives to take early action to progress cases through the system as quickly as possible. The legal aid fee structure should incentivise early engagement between defence lawyers and the police and the CPS. We note that the … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states that Sir Christopher Bellamy QC's Independent Review is considering whether changes to advice provision and the criminal legal aid system's structure could increase efficiency and incentivise early engagement, with the government committed to responding to the review's final report.
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Ministry of Justice
13 Conclusion 3rd Report - The Future of Legal Aid Deferred

The Government needs to ensure that the legal aid framework is able to respond and...

The Government needs to ensure that the legal aid framework is able to respond and adapt to changes in volume and practice over time in the criminal justice system.

Government response AI summary
The government has deferred action on ensuring the legal aid framework's adaptability, stating it will address the issue in its response to Sir Christopher Bellamy QC's Independent Review into Criminal Legal Aid, which is considering the resilience of the market.
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Ministry of Justice
14 Conclusion 3rd Report - The Future of Legal Aid Deferred

Our 2019–21 Report on the effect of Covid-19 on the legal professions discussed measures taken...

Our 2019–21 Report on the effect of Covid-19 on the legal professions discussed measures taken to provide additional income during the early stages of the 68 The Future of Legal Aid pandemic. The impact of Covid-19 means, however, that the need to take action to improve the criminal legal aid … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states it has committed to responding to Sir Christopher’s review by the end of 2021, and highlights accelerated measures already implemented that brought significant new funding to criminal legal aid during the pandemic.
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Ministry of Justice
15 Recommendation 3rd Report - The Future of Legal Aid Deferred

The Government should evaluate whether the money saved by the means test is justified when...

The Government should evaluate whether the money saved by the means test is justified when weighed against its impact on the fairness of criminal justice system. If the means tests for the magistrates’ court and the Crown Court are to remain then the current eligibility thresholds should be addressed and … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the recommendation and states that a Means Test Review, launched in February 2019, is currently assessing the effectiveness and thresholds, with plans to publish the review and a public consultation shortly.
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Ministry of Justice
16 Recommendation 3rd Report - The Future of Legal Aid Deferred

The Government’s response to our report on private prosecutions concluded that the rules should be...

The Government’s response to our report on private prosecutions concluded that the rules should be changed to level down what private prosecutors can recover from central funds. Our view is that this is the wrong approach. The right approach would be to make the system fairer by levelling up and … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states it is considering the issue of costs that acquitted defendants may recover from central funds as part of the ongoing Means Test Review.
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Ministry of Justice
18 Recommendation 3rd Report - The Future of Legal Aid Deferred

The Government should consider how technology can be used to increase the accessibility of legal...

The Government should consider how technology can be used to increase the accessibility of legal advice to suspects and defendants. The Government should also consider developing a scheme to enable criminal legal aid providers to upgrade their digital capacity. Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states that Sir Christopher Bellamy QC's Independent Review is considering the efficiency of the criminal legal aid market, including how legal aid can be responsive to user needs and administrative burdens, and the government will address this in its response to the review.
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Ministry of Justice
19 Recommendation 3rd Report - The Future of Legal Aid Deferred

Successive governments have prioritised efficiency and costs over the quality of the criminal justice system.

Successive governments have prioritised efficiency and costs over the quality of the criminal justice system. The Committee’s inquiry into Court Capacity has highlighted the difficult situation facing the courts at the start of the pandemic. Unless there is significant change to criminal legal aid, there is a real risk that … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states that Sir Christopher Bellamy QC's Independent Review into Criminal Legal Aid is considering the resilience of the market and fee review mechanisms. The government commits to addressing this issue in its response to the review's final report before the end of 2021.
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Ministry of Justice
29 Conclusion 3rd Report - The Future of Legal Aid Deferred

We welcome the decision to remove the £100,000 cap.

We welcome the decision to remove the £100,000 cap. However, we regret that it was ever necessary for a victim of domestic violence to have litigate to obtain legal aid because of the Government’s failure to ensure that the means test is regularly updated. Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges that means test elements have not been uprated for some years and states that the ongoing Means Test Review is specifically considering how the means test applies to victims of domestic abuse.
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Ministry of Justice
30 Recommendation 3rd Report - The Future of Legal Aid Deferred

We welcome the Government’s decision to review the means test for both civil and criminal...

We welcome the Government’s decision to review the means test for both civil and criminal legal aid. There is a strong consensus among witnesses that any revised means test for civil legal aid should be simpler, for example by using passporting, should be set at an objectively defined poverty line … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states its Means Test Review is considering a full range of criteria, including passporting and capital thresholds, to ensure access to justice for low-income individuals.
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Ministry of Justice
42 Recommendation 3rd Report - The Future of Legal Aid Deferred

The Government should consider enabling the Legal Aid Agency to provide specific support to legal...

The Government should consider enabling the Legal Aid Agency to provide specific support to legal aid providers to bring in trainees. This support should be targeted to areas where there is a particular shortage of specialist advice.

Government response AI summary
The government is considering how best to support the legal aid workforce as part of its ongoing work on civil legal aid market sustainability, which includes considering funded posts and training contracts for providers.
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Ministry of Justice

Correspondence

20 letters
DateDirectionTitle
21 Feb 2023 To cttee Letter from Mike Freer MP, Minister for Courts, Legal Services and Internationa…
21 Feb 2023 From cttee Letter to Mike Freer MP, Minister for Courts, Legal Services and International,…
7 Feb 2023 To cttee Letter from Lubna Shuja, President of the Law Society, dated 30 January 2023, f…
25 Jan 2023 To cttee Letter from Kirsty Brimelow KC, Chair, Criminal Bar Association, dated 9 Januar…
6 Dec 2022 To cttee Letter from Mike Freer MP, Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Justice, …
8 Sep 2022 To cttee Letter from Sarah Dines MP, Parliamentary Under Secretary of State, dated 15 Au…
25 May 2022 To cttee Letter from the Bar Council, dated 24 May 2022, regarding income disparities at…
15 Mar 2022 To cttee Letter from the Lord Chancellor, dated 14 March 2022, on the legal aid means te…
16 Nov 2021 From cttee Letter to the Deputy Prime Minister and Lord Chancellor on the response to the …
23 Jul 2021 Family Law Roundtable Transcript 14 December 2020
24 Feb 2021 To cttee Letter from Alex Chalk MP, Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Justice, …
3 Feb 2021 To cttee Letter from Robert Buckland QC MP, Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for J…
27 Jan 2021 To cttee Letter from Alex Chalk MP, Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Justice, …
13 Jan 2021 To cttee Letter from Rt Hon Robert Buckland QC MP, Lord Chancellor & Secretary of State …
4 Nov 2020 To cttee Letter from Alex Chalk MP, Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Justice, …
23 Sep 2020 To cttee Letter from Alex Chalk MP, Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Justice, …
9 Sep 2020 To cttee Letter from Alex Chalk MP, Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Justice, …
22 May 2020 To cttee Letter from Alex Chalk MP, Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Justice, …
28 Apr 2020 To cttee Letter from Alex Chalk MP, Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Justice, …
28 Apr 2020 To cttee Letter from Alex Chalk MP, Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Justice, …