Select Committee · Justice Committee

Private prosecutions: safeguards

Status: Closed Opened: 23 Jun 2020 Closed: 31 Oct 2022 8 recommendations 1 conclusion 1 report

This inquiry examined the safeguards that exist for private prosecutions brought by organisations who act as the investigator, prosecutor but are also the victim of the alleged offence. It looked at: Whether existing safeguards are enough to limit the potential for private prosecutions by large organisations to cause miscarriages of justice The merits of additional … Show more

Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
9th Report: Private prosecutions: safeguards HC 497 2 Oct 2020 9 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

9 items
1 Recommendation 9th Report: Private prosecutions: safeg… Acknowledged

The startling figures on the scale of the Post Office’s prosecutions, together with concerns raised...

The startling figures on the scale of the Post Office’s prosecutions, together with concerns raised by the Environmental, Food and Rural Affairs Committee in relation to the RSPCA in 2016 and reports that the number of private prosecutions is rising, justify a proactive approach to examining the effectiveness of the … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government shares the Committee's concern regarding the rise in private prosecutions and notes that the RSPCA's role as prosecutor is currently under discussion with the Attorney General's Office.
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Ministry of Justice
2 Conclusion 9th Report: Private prosecutions: safeg… Acknowledged

It is a strength of the current system that it enables corporate victims of crime...

It is a strength of the current system that it enables corporate victims of crime to pursue justice when public authorities decline to intervene. The lack of a prosecution can represent injustice just as much as a prosecution wrongly brought. However, in a modern criminal justice system whether an offence … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees that private prosecutions brought by victims, whether corporate or individual, still play a valuable role when public authorities cannot prosecute every worthy offence.
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Ministry of Justice
3 Recommendation 9th Report: Private prosecutions: safeg… Accepted in Part

The Committee agrees with the CPS that the Government should urgently review funding arrangements for...

The Committee agrees with the CPS that the Government should urgently review funding arrangements for private prosecutions in order to address the inequality of access to the right; to ensure a fair balance between the prosecutor and the defendant; and to ensure the most cost-effective use of public funds. We … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees that funding arrangements for private prosecutions are inequitable and commits to legislative amendment to cap recoverable costs from central funds at legal aid rates. They are also considering limiting costs from convicted defendants and reviewing discretion for withholding central fund payments, pending …
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Ministry of Justice
4 Recommendation 9th Report: Private prosecutions: safeg… Rejected

The Government should strengthen the safeguards that regulate private prosecutions to ensure that any organisation...

The Government should strengthen the safeguards that regulate private prosecutions to ensure that any organisation that conducts a substantial number of prosecutions is subject to the same regulatory standards and expectations of accountability and transparency as public prosecutors. We recommend that the Government should consider enacting a binding code of … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government rejects the recommendation to enact a binding code of standards enforced by a regulator for private prosecutors, stating it is not persuaded it would be a proportionate response, but will continue to consider other actions to improve accountability and transparency.
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Ministry of Justice
5 Recommendation 9th Report: Private prosecutions: safeg… Accepted

We recommend that HMCTS establish a central register of all private prosecutions in England and...

We recommend that HMCTS establish a central register of all private prosecutions in England and Wales.

Government response AI summary
The government agrees to establish a central register of private prosecutions, stating it is in hand and will be completed by the end of this year, including prosecutor/defendant names, offence, and summons application status.
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Ministry of Justice
6 Recommendation 9th Report: Private prosecutions: safeg… Rejected

The Committee recommends that HMCTS should ensure that the CPS is notified when a private...

The Committee recommends that HMCTS should ensure that the CPS is notified when a private prosecution is initiated. The notification process should be integrated into the structure of the central register of private prosecutions. (Paragraph 71) Private prosecutions: safeguards 31 Read more

Government response AI summary
The government rejects the recommendation, explaining that similar proposals were previously rejected due to concerns about imposing a significant resource burden on the CPS, which would feel obliged to review notified cases. The Criminal Procedure Rule Committee also declined the recommendation for similar reasons.
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Ministry of Justice
7 Recommendation 9th Report: Private prosecutions: safeg… Not Addressed

We agree that every defendant who is privately prosecuted should be informed of his or...

We agree that every defendant who is privately prosecuted should be informed of his or her right to seek a review from the CPS. We recommend that this change be implemented by a change to the Criminal Procedure Rules. In situations where the police are involved in a private prosecution … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government's response refers to a previous recommendation (number 4) and then discusses recommendation 9, stating agreement on ensuring no disparity between private and public prosecutions. The specific recommendations regarding changes to Criminal Procedure Rules or a duty on police were not addressed.
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Ministry of Justice
8 Recommendation 9th Report: Private prosecutions: safeg… Not Addressed

There is a strong case that organisations which bring significant numbers of private prosecutions should...

There is a strong case that organisations which bring significant numbers of private prosecutions should be subject to inspections. If an organisation is found to be misusing the power to bring private prosecutions, then the body responsible for inspecting all prosecutors and enforcing the code, be it the CPS, HMCPSI … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government's response states agreement on ensuring no disparity between private and public prosecutions through existing and proposed reforms to rules and costs, but it does not address the recommendation for inspecting private prosecution organisations or granting powers to restrict their prosecution rights.
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Ministry of Justice
9 Recommendation 9th Report: Private prosecutions: safeg… Accepted

It is incumbent on the Government to ensure that the rise in the number of...

It is incumbent on the Government to ensure that the rise in the number of private prosecutions does not result in the development of a parallel system where the public interest, accountability and transparency are secondary to private interests. (Paragraph 77) 32 Private prosecutions: safeguards Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees there should be no disparity between private and public prosecutions and is confident that reforms made to Criminal Procedure Rules in 2019 and proposed changes to the costs regime will prevent a parallel justice system.
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Ministry of Justice

Correspondence

6 letters
DateDirectionTitle
1 Nov 2022 To cttee Letter from Gareth Johnson MP, Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Justi…
18 Jan 2022 To cttee Letter from James Cartlidge MP, Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Just…
8 Dec 2021 From cttee Letter to the Deputy Prime Minister and Lord Chancellor, dated 25 November 2021…
22 Jul 2021 Evidence from Post Office on Private prosecutions safeguards
24 Jun 2020 To cttee Letter from Helen Pitcher, Chairman, Criminal Cases Review Commission on Post O…
24 Jun 2020 To cttee Letter from Sir Robert Neill MP, Chair, Justice Committee to Helen Pitcher, Cha…