Select committee: Treasury Committee
Acceptance of Cash
Closed
Opened 4 Nov 2024
Closed 13 Oct 2025
2 recommendations
12 conclusions
Treasury Committee Inquiry on parliament.uk ↗
Inquiry scope (the committee's words)
The Committee is inquiring into whether there is a need in the UK to regulate or mandate the acceptance of physical cash in the form of notes and coins. The inquiry will consider any need for legislation and/or regulation, and potential costs to consumers and businesses. Read the call for evidence to find out more about this inquiry
Where it stands
The inquiry is closed, opened 4 November 2024.
The committee has published 1 report, most recently 6th Report - Acceptance of cash on 30 April 2025.
The government's response
Published 12 July 2025. The deadline was 30 June 2025.
Summary written by Accountability Index from the government's response. It is not the government's own words.The government agrees with several of the Committee's aims on cash access and acceptance, says existing measures already "give strong effect to the Committee's aims", and declines to adopt periodic or annual reporting.
- On an interim assessment of the access to cash regime, it says it is "too soon for a formal evaluation", but the FCA has committed to a formal review "in due course" and intends to confirm its timings in writing to the Committee this autumn.
- It supports the continuation of the Payment Systems Regulator's work during and after consolidation, and will consult on the transfer of responsibilities to the FCA "in due course" and legislate "as soon as possible".
- It does not accept the proposed five-yearly public judgment or annual reporting on cash acceptance, stating it will instead "continue to carefully evaluate available data on an ongoing basis".
- On international approaches, it agrees it is important to keep monitoring them and says it "will continue to monitor and assess developments in other countries".
Recommendations and conclusions
- 111: Prove the effectiveness of the current cash access strategy for all citizensConclusion
- 112: Provide an interim assessment of cash access regime effectiveness, including business acceptanceConclusion
- 113: Small businesses committed to accepting physical cash, vital for market preservationConclusion
Reports
- 6th Report - Acceptance of cash30 April 2025 · 14 items
Evidence
- 3 oral evidence sessionsLatest 28 January 2025
- 9 witnesses
Recent activity
- 2nd Special Report - Acceptance of Cash: Government Response12 July 2025, Report published
- 6th Report - Acceptance of cash30 April 2025, Report published
- Oral evidence session28 January 2025, Oral evidence
Recommendations and conclusions 14 shown
The Government and the business community must prove that the current strategy of focusing on cash access alone works, and that it works for everyone. (Conclusion)
112: Provide an interim assessment of cash access regime effectiveness, including business acceptance
Concluded (the committee's words)HM Treasury, the Financial Conduct Authority and the Bank of England must provide an interim assessment of the effectiveness of the access to cash regime as soon as is practical. This must include an assessment of whether the regime has affected the willingness of businesses to accept cash. (Recommendation)
113: Small businesses committed to accepting physical cash, vital for market preservation
Concluded (the committee's words)We welcome the commitment by small businesses, including convenience stores, to accepting physical cash from those who need to pay for it. We note that for some types of businesses, including market traders, cash remains fundamental to the preservation of markets. (Conclusion)
114: Businesses face unclear payment costs due to lack of competition in processing market
Concluded (the committee's words)We are disappointed that there is not more clarity on the costs of different payment types, and that businesses are continuing to bear the costs of a lack of competition in the payments processing market. (Conclusion)
115: Ensure Payment Systems Regulator's competition work continues during and after consolidation
Concluded (the committee's words)HM Treasury, the Bank of England and the Financial Conduct Authority must ensure that the work of the Payment Systems Regulator on competition in payments markets is taken forwards during and after the consolidation of the Payment Systems Regulator into other regulators. (Recommendation)
116: Commit to transparent payment acceptance costs and commission independent cost model
Recommended (the committee's words)HM Treasury must commit to ensuring that costs of accepting payments by payment method are transparent so that businesses of all sizes can make informed choices on payment methods. HM Treasury should commission work to produce a model of costs produced independently of payment providers. (Recommendation) 47
117: Physical cash maintains vital independent role when digital payment systems fail
Concluded (the committee's words)Digital payments systems are vulnerable to failure for reasons ranging from accidents or hostile actions by state actors, through to failure by a supplier in a retail bank’s digital supply chain. Physical cash has a vital role to play as a payment method that is independent, that is backed by the UK Government and that can be used as an analogue payment method when digital ones fail. (Conclusion)
118: Consider physical cash value in emergency preparedness and severe payment system outages
Concluded (the committee's words)In discharging its responsibility for national security and resilience, HM Treasury must consider the value of physical cash in emergency preparedness. This may include recommending that cash is held by individuals in case of emergency, and considering what role cash distribution might play in a severe payment systems outage. (Recommendation)
119: Cash remains essential for vulnerable groups, as digital solutions may not ensure full financial inclusion.
Concluded (the committee's words)Cash is an enduring payment method that many people prefer to use and on which people who do not have equal access to non-cash payment methods rely. Although technology may progress further and reduce the number of people who rely on cash, demand for physical cash will always exist. The Government’s focus on reducing digital exclusion as part of the work of the Financial Inclusion Committee is welcome, but digital products and services may not fully solve the problem. Developing solutions to financial exclusion must include an examination of all potential options, especially where vulnerable groups face specific problems. For a significant minority of people, that risk entails not only inconvenience but partial exclusion from society. The cost will be borne by vulnerable minorities, including people in poverty, people struggling to escape domestic abusers and people with learning difficulties. (Conclusion)
120: Broaden Financial Inclusion Committee remit and regularly publish evidence on equitable cash access.
Recommended (the committee's words)HM Treasury must broaden the terms of reference of the Financial Inclusion Committee on “digital inclusion and access to banking services” explicitly to address the risk that a two-tier economy will lock the digitally excluded out of the economy. HM Treasury must commit to reviewing internally and externally produced evidence on cash access and cash acceptance in the UK and make a public judgment on whether the system is equitably meeting the needs of consumers and businesses every five years. As financial digitalisation continues, HM Treasury must work to ensure that innovation in this space is guided by a commitment to inclusivity, rather than increasing the number of individuals who are digitally and financially excluded. (Recommendation)
121: Challenge businesses and local government to support financial inclusion for cash-reliant disabled people.
Concluded (the committee's words)The Department for Business and Trade, the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government and HM Treasury must work together to challenge businesses and local government to set out how they are supporting financial inclusion, particularly for people who rely on cash due to their disabilities, in line with the Equalities Act 2010. (Recommendation) 48
122: Monitor cash acceptance levels and report annually to the Committee on tolerable levels.
Concluded (the committee's words)There may come a time in the future where it becomes necessary for HM Treasury to mandate cash acceptance if appropriate safeguards have not been implemented for those who need physical cash, and the level of cash acceptance begins to lead to widespread detriment. To ensure that HM Treasury has the information it needs to make this decision, cash acceptance levels in the UK must be monitored to ensure we do not sleepwalk into a loss of cash acceptance for those who need it. HM Treasury must provide the Treasury Committee with annual reporting on cash acceptance levels and provide an analysis of HM Treasury’s view of the tolerable level of cash acceptance in society. (Recommendation)
123: Other countries are exploring diverse, interventionist approaches to cash access and acceptance.
Concluded (the committee's words)We note that this debate is being conducted in other countries, and more interventionist approaches are being considered than is currently acceptable to the UK’s Government. We note with interest the range of approaches to cash in these similar countries, including the approach taken by the European Union and Australia which explicitly sets cash acceptance as inextricably linked to cash access. Other countries have focused on providing digital solutions to some of the issues posed by the decline in cash usage and acceptance, such as Singapore’s MyMoneySense platform and state-backed payment systems such as UPI in India and PIX in Brazil, which lower costs for merchants. (Conclusion)
124: Assess international approaches to declining cash access in the UK's interim regulation review.
Concluded (the committee's words)In its interim assessment of the current cash access regulation (see Conclusions and recommendations for the UK), HM Treasury must include an assessment of how the problem of declining cash access is being tackled internationally. This must include an assessment of elements of, or all of, these approaches would work in the UK. (Recommendation) 49
Reports
6th Report - Acceptance of cash
- HC No.
- HC 324
- Published
- 30 Apr 2025
- Items
- 14
- Government response
- Government response published 12 July 2025 (deadline 30 June 2025). Read the government's response ↗
Oral evidence sessions
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| Date | Session and witnesses | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 28 Jan 2025 |
Oral evidence session
Emma Reynolds MP · Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
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| 17 Dec 2024 |
Oral evidence session
Carrie Aspin · Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers (USDAW),
Graham Wilson OBE · The National Association of British Market Authorities (NABMA),
Ross Borkett · Post Office
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| 4 Dec 2024 |
Oral evidence session
Chris Brooks · Age UK,
Conor D’Arcy · Money and Mental Health Policy Institute,
Deidre Cartwright · Surviving Economic Abuse,
Ron Delnevo · Payment Choice Alliance,
Wayne Crocker · Mencap Cymru
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Who gave evidence
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| Witness | Organisation | Sessions |
|---|---|---|
| Carrie Aspin · Senior Researcher | Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers (USDAW) | 1 |
| Chris Brooks · Head of Policy | Age UK | 1 |
| Conor D’Arcy · Deputy Chief Executive | Money and Mental Health Policy Institute | 1 |
| Deidre Cartwright · Public Affairs and Policy Manager | Surviving Economic Abuse | 1 |
| Emma Reynolds MP · Secretary of State | Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs | 1 |
| Graham Wilson OBE · Deputy Chief Executive & Legal and Policy Advisor | The National Association of British Market Authorities (NABMA) | 1 |
| Ron Delnevo · Chair | Payment Choice Alliance | 1 |
| Ross Borkett · Banking Director | Post Office | 1 |
| Wayne Crocker · Director | Mencap Cymru | 1 |