Select Committee · Northern Ireland Affairs Committee

The effect of paramilitary activity and organised crime on society in Northern Ireland

Status: Closed Opened: 30 Mar 2022 Closed: 28 May 2024 14 recommendations 3 conclusions 1 report

The Northern Ireland Affairs Committee is conducting an inquiry into the effect of paramilitary activity and organised crime on society in Northern Ireland. The inquiry is looking at the effectiveness of current measures aimed at tackling paramilitarism in Northern Ireland and considering how the UK Government, Northern Ireland Executive and Irish Government can most effectively …

Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
Second Report - The effect of paramilitary activity and org… HC 43 1 Feb 2024 17 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

17 items
1 Conclusion Second Report - The effect of paramilit… Acknowledged

Terminology for paramilitarism in Northern Ireland is complex, contested and risks misrepresentation

The term ‘paramilitarism’ is complex and contested in Northern Ireland. We heard how use of the term can risk romanticising the presence of gangs who engage in overt criminality and attempt to exercise coercive control over the communities they seek to prey upon. At the same time, however, terms such …

Government response. The government acknowledges the importance of safeguarding children and young people from abuse by paramilitary or organised crime gangs.
Northern Ireland Office
2 Recommendation Second Report - The effect of paramilit… Deferred

Urge Executive to support communities addressing paramilitary murals and flags

Memorials, commemorative artefacts and flags glorifying paramilitary groups serve as a visual signifier of the coercive control that such groups attempt to have over communities and can retraumatise the victims and survivors of paramilitary violence. The PSNI does not always have sufficient political support to remove paramilitary flags. We urge …

Government response. The government response completely deflects from the recommendation concerning paramilitary murals, instead discussing engagement between DWP and DfC on social security, credit services, and the development of a childcare strategy for Northern Ireland.
Northern Ireland Office
3 Recommendation Second Report - The effect of paramilit… Acknowledged

Engage DWP to improve universal credit access and develop NI childcare strategy

The high cost of living in Northern Ireland has contributed to a ‘cruel storm’ which paramilitary groups are exploiting to target vulnerable individuals. Single mothers in precarious financial situations are being targeted by paramilitary groups engaging in illegal money lending practices. The structure of universal credit, the lack of a …

Government response. The government acknowledged concerns about illegal money lending and stated the Northern Ireland Office will continue regular engagement with DWP to discuss these issues. It noted existing credit advice on the NI Direct website and deferred the childcare strategy development …
Northern Ireland Office
4 Recommendation Second Report - The effect of paramilit… Acknowledged

Set out approval process for NI EVAWG strategy during Executive suspension

We are concerned to hear about the gatekeeping of funding and other activity by paramilitary groups which has increasingly excluded women and the community and voluntary sector since the signing of the Belfast/Good Friday Agreement. This has implications for the construction of a post-conflict society in Northern Ireland. We are …

Government response. The government welcomes the restoration of the NI Executive, seeing it as an opportunity for the Executive to progress a strategy on ending violence against women and girls, and highlights existing funding for related projects.
Northern Ireland Office
5 Recommendation Second Report - The effect of paramilit… Accepted

Introduce a system-wide and Government-wide commitment to trauma-informed practice in Northern Ireland.

There is a correlation between paramilitary activity, deprivation, mental health issues and trauma. We therefore support the trauma-informed and public health approach of the Tackling Paramilitarism Programme. The Government must collaborate with the Executive to introduce forthwith a system-wide and Government- wide commitment to trauma-informed practice. (Paragraph 40) Paramilitary activity …

Government response. The government commits to collaborating with the Executive to further embed trauma-informed approaches in Northern Ireland, welcomes the EPPOC Sponsor Group's commitment to develop a trauma-informed Programme for Government, and will promote trauma-informed policymaking within UK Government departments in NI.
Northern Ireland Office
6 Recommendation Second Report - The effect of paramilit… Accepted

Undertake an audit of Northern Ireland’s framework for safeguarding children from paramilitary exploitation.

To counter the risk and reality of people romanticising paramilitary groups in Northern Ireland, it is crucial that public agencies and wider civic society use language rooted in safeguarding and child protection when describing the activities of these criminal gangs which include the abuse and exploitation, including sexual abuse and …

Government response. The government notes that the NI Executive's Child Criminal Exploitation Task and Finish Group is developing a CCE definition aligned with Home Office guidance, with updated policies expected by year-end. The CCE action plan and draft MSHT Strategy also aim …
Northern Ireland Office
7 Recommendation Second Report - The effect of paramilit… Acknowledged

Embed a safeguarding approach to prosecute paramilitary activity as modern slavery and exploitation.

Low prosecution rates for those who commit violent crime can act as a barrier to reporting the crimes of paramilitary groups and serve to perpetuate the impunity with which these groups act. An effective criminal justice system able to identify perpetrators of paramilitary violence and bring them to justice is …

Government response. The government acknowledges the importance of safeguarding and prosecuting paramilitary-related crimes, noting that the devolved NI Executive is taking forward work including a Child Criminal Exploitation Task and Finish Group and an MSHT Strategy, which aim to strengthen the criminal …
Northern Ireland Office
8 Recommendation Second Report - The effect of paramilit… Accepted

Share good practice to improve NRM awareness and use among NI welfare and justice agencies.

We are concerned about the lack of use of the National Referral Mechanism (NRM) in NI. The NRM is a tool for public agencies to provide a strategic safeguarding response to paramilitary activity. While we acknowledge that support for modern slavery victims is devolved, we recommend that forthwith the Government …

Government response. The government acknowledges the importance of the NRM, noting that the NI Executive's Child Criminal Exploitation Task and Finish Group's action plan includes increasing NRM awareness among agencies, and the draft Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking Strategy also aims to …
Northern Ireland Office
9 Conclusion Second Report - The effect of paramilit… Acknowledged

Lack of an Executive impedes collaborative efforts to tackle paramilitary activity in Northern Ireland.

The continued presence of paramilitary groups, 25 years on from the Belfast/Good Friday Agreement, represents a festering wound on society in Northern Ireland. Given the delineation of responsibilities between the Government and the Northern Ireland Executive in tackling terrorist and paramilitary activity in Northern Ireland, the lack of an Executive …

Government response. The government acknowledges the assessment that tackling paramilitarism requires a whole-of-government approach, noting the Executive's restoration as an opportunity to prioritize this work and ensure coordination.
Northern Ireland Office
10 Recommendation Second Report - The effect of paramilit… Acknowledged

Prioritise ending paramilitary harm as a strategic commitment in the Programme for Government.

Tackling paramilitarism in Northern Ireland requires a whole of Government approach. While we are mindful that it is ultimately a matter for any newly formed Executive to decide its priorities for government, we urge the next administration in Northern Ireland to ensure that the commitment set out in New Decade, …

Government response. The government acknowledges the need for a whole-of-government approach to tackling paramilitarism and sees the Executive's restoration as an opportunity to ensure this work remains a priority.
Northern Ireland Office
11 Recommendation Second Report - The effect of paramilit… Acknowledged

Undertake updated analysis of paramilitary activity to inform national security strategy scope in Northern Ireland.

There is a live debate as to whether the current scope of national security, as it relates to Northern Ireland, should be revised to include threats other than those to democracy and the state, such as paramilitary activity like drug dealing, extortion and murder, to enable greater joint working between …

Government response. The government acknowledges the need for a whole-of-government approach and commits to keeping under ongoing review the effectiveness of mechanisms for coordinating responses to threats from terrorism, paramilitarism, and organised crime, stating roles are well understood.
Northern Ireland Office
12 Recommendation Second Report - The effect of paramilit… Deferred

Extend multi-year funding period for Tackling Paramilitarism Programme Phase Three to five years.

We welcome the announcement in the 2023 Budget of an additional £3 million for 2024/25 to extend the Tackling Paramilitarism Programme in Northern Ireland. The Programme is carrying out vital work to develop strategies to tackle paramilitarism systematically. Paramilitarism is a long-term problem which requires sustained funding. As part of …

Government response. The government does not commit to extending the multi-year funding for the Tackling Paramilitarism Programme to five years or maintaining specific funding levels. It instead states that Additional Security Funding is for PSNI counter-terrorism work and that day-to-day policing and …
Northern Ireland Office
13 Recommendation Second Report - The effect of paramilit… Deferred

Establish improved funding arrangements for Northern Ireland's counter-terrorism and justice budgets.

The Government’s contribution to additional security funding for counter-terrorism has recently stagnated despite the continuing terrorist threat, and the justice budget in Northern Ireland has risen by just 3% compared to respective increases of 70% 50 The effect of paramilitary activity and organised crime on society in Northern Ireland and …

Government response. The government states that policing and police funding are devolved matters for the NI Executive to determine, while confirming its existing Additional Security Funding of £32m per year until 2024/25, which is not for day-to-day policing.
Northern Ireland Office
14 Recommendation Second Report - The effect of paramilit… Deferred

Increase PSNI officer headcount to at least 7,500 through recurrent funding provision.

We are concerned at the budgetary shortfall that the PSNI is facing, not least in the context of recent security incidents evidencing starkly the ongoing threat from terrorist and paramilitary groups in Northern Ireland. The financial liabilities that the Service may now incur as a result of the significant data …

Government response. The government states that increasing PSNI officers to 7,500 is an NI Executive priority, and policing in Northern Ireland is a devolved matter for the Executive and Department of Justice to resource.
Northern Ireland Office
15 Recommendation Second Report - The effect of paramilit… Accepted in Part

Embed a standard code of practice for community groups receiving public funding to tackle paramilitarism.

We are concerned to hear claims that paramilitary organisations act as gatekeepers within some communities and masquerade as community organisations to receive public money. The Government must embed a standard code of practice and behaviour that all community-level organisations availing of Government funding have to sign up to as part …

Government response. The government acknowledges the risk of paramilitary gatekeeping, stating that existing funding mechanisms have conditions and a behaviours framework is in place. It supports the adoption of this framework and is undertaking wider work to consider how similar frameworks can …
Northern Ireland Office
16 Recommendation Second Report - The effect of paramilit… Accepted

Conduct a scoping exercise to assess public support for a paramilitary group transition process.

We have heard evidence both for and against the establishment of formal process of Group Transition. On the one hand, we are concerned that a Group Transition process aimed at the disbandment of paramilitary groups could inadvertently risk reinforcing the status of such groups and fail to displace the coercive …

Government response. The government acknowledges the recommendation for a formal paramilitary group transition process and is committed to taking forward further work, including independent scoping and engagement, to assess public support and merit for such a process.
Northern Ireland Office
17 Conclusion Second Report - The effect of paramilit… Deferred

Paramilitary groups are fragmented; sub-group transition concept requires further development and consideration.

Paramilitary groups do not resemble cohesive units, rather they are composed of sub-groups that vary in location, strength of affiliation and level of criminal activity. We have heard that some sub-groups are readying themselves for transition, whilst others show little appetite to transition away from criminality. We see some merit …

Government response. The government acknowledges recommendations for a formal process to facilitate paramilitary group transition and commits to undertaking further independent scoping and engagement to assess its merit and support.
Northern Ireland Office

Oral evidence sessions

11 sessions
Date Witnesses
18 Oct 2023 Dr Aaron Edwards · The Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, Dr Seán Brennan, Independent Researcher View ↗
17 Oct 2023 Jamie Bryson · Centre for the Union View ↗
26 Apr 2023 John McBurney · Independent Reporting Commission, Mitchell Reiss · Independent Reporting Commission, Monica McWilliams · Independent Reporting Commission, Tim O'Connor · Independent Reporting Commission View ↗
8 Mar 2023 Chris Heaton-Harris MP · Northern Ireland Office, Dominic Wilson · Northern Ireland Office, James Crawford · Northern Ireland Office View ↗
22 Feb 2023 Alison Flanagan · Christians Against Poverty (CAP), Brian Anderson · East Belfast Mission, Ronnie Armour · Northern Ireland Prison Service, Steven McCourt · Northern Ireland Prison Service View ↗
1 Feb 2023 Ian Jeffers · Commission for Victims and Survivors Northern Ireland, Megan Phair · The Stop Attacks Forum, Mr Peter Murtagh · South East Fermanagh Foundation, Paul Smyth · The Stop Attacks Forum, Sandra Peake · Wave Trauma Centre View ↗
18 Jan 2023 Clare Moore · Irish Congress of Trade Unions, Dr Ciara Fitzpatrick · Ulster University, Maxine Murphy Higgins · NASUWT - The Teachers' Union, Mrs Siobhán Harding · Women’s Support Network, Ms Elaine Crory · Women’s Resource and Development Agency, Sonya McMullan · Women's Aid NI View ↗
12 Dec 2022 John McBurney · Independent Reporting Commission, Mitchell Reiss · Independent Reporting Commission, Monica McWilliams · Independent Reporting Commission, Tim O’Connor · Independent Reporting Commission View ↗
23 Nov 2022 Daniel Holder · Committee on the Administration of Justice (CAJ), Professor Marie Breen-Smyth the Independent Reviewer of the exercised powers under the Justice and Security (Northern Ireland) Act 2007, Úna Boyd · Committee on the Administration of Justice (CAJ) View ↗
9 Nov 2022 Dr Brendan Coyle · Ulster University, Dr Conor Murray · Ulster University, Mairead McCafferty · Northern Ireland Commissioner for Children and Young People, Mark Dennison · Irish Football Association, Ms Koulla Yiasouma · Northern Ireland Commissioner for Children and Young People View ↗
26 Oct 2022 Adele Brown · The Northern Ireland Executive Programme on Paramilitarism and Organised Crime, Andy Hill · Police Service of Northern Ireland, Mark McEwan · Police Service of Northern Ireland, Naomi Long MLA · Northern Ireland Department of Justice, Richard Pengelly · Northern Ireland Department of Justice View ↗

Correspondence

4 letters
DateDirectionTitle
7 Jun 2023 Correspondence from the Secretary of State, relating to the effect of paramilit…
8 Mar 2023 Correspondence from Northern Ireland Prison Service, relating to the effect of …
8 Feb 2023 Correspondence to the PSNI relating to the effect of paramilitary activity and …
8 Feb 2023 Correspondence from the PSNI relating to the effect of paramilitary activity an…