Select Committee · Environmental Audit Committee

Carbon border adjustment mechanisms

Status: Closed Opened: 24 Sep 2021 Closed: 21 Jun 2023 8 recommendations 12 conclusions 1 report

The Environmental Audit Committee is launching an inquiry into carbon border adjustment mechanisms (CBAMs). The inquiry is looking at the role a CBAM could play in addressing potential carbon leakage and meeting the UK’s environmental objectives. The inquiry is also considering the wider impacts, risks and opportunities which might arise if the UK Government were … Show more

Clear

Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
Fifth Report - Greening imports: a UK carbon border approach HC 737 4 Apr 2022 20 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

10 items
1 Conclusion Fifth Report - Greening imports: a UK c… Acknowledged

Effective carbon pricing is crucial to decarbonisation, but cannot be achieved without effective anti-carbon leakage...

Effective carbon pricing is crucial to decarbonisation, but cannot be achieved without effective anti-carbon leakage policies in place. The Government’s current approach to addressing the risks of carbon leakage, including free allocation of Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) allowances, is insufficient on its own to incentivise industrial decarbonisation effectively. A clear … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees that multilateral solutions are needed and is working internationally to promote carbon pricing and build a common understanding of carbon leakage risks, and announced its intention to consult on a range of carbon leakage mitigation options.
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2 Conclusion Fifth Report - Greening imports: a UK c… Acknowledged

Multilateral and global approaches to carbon pricing represent the most appropriate way to support global...

Multilateral and global approaches to carbon pricing represent the most appropriate way to support global decarbonisation. Since the process to negotiate and agree these is lengthy, they cannot provide the urgent action necessary in the short term. Pursuing a unilateral carbon border approach does not preclude continuing to push for … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees that multilateral solutions are needed and is working internationally to promote carbon pricing and build a common understanding of carbon leakage risks, and announced its intention to consult on a range of carbon leakage mitigation options.
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6 Conclusion Fifth Report - Greening imports: a UK c… Acknowledged

The UK is an open, trading economy, and trade can be a powerful lever to...

The UK is an open, trading economy, and trade can be a powerful lever to drive environmental outcomes. Careful design, alongside inclusive engagement with trading partners, is needed to ensure that any CBAM and wider carbon border approach are aligned with the UK’s international obligations and commitments, including the principle … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees that multilateral solutions are needed and is working internationally to promote carbon pricing and build a common understanding of carbon leakage risks, and announced its intention to consult on a range of carbon leakage mitigation options.
Read full response →
8 Recommendation Fifth Report - Greening imports: a UK c… Acknowledged

Our recommendations to Government on the design of the carbon border approach are as follows:...

Our recommendations to Government on the design of the carbon border approach are as follows: a) to ensure, from the outset, that the carbon border approach is designed to adhere to the principles of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities set out in the Paris Agreement and Glasgow Climate … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the importance of balancing priorities including WTO rules, free trade, and the needs of developing countries. They will continue working with international partners in the G20, WTO, and OECD to advance global climate goals and are supporting developing countries' climate ambitions with …
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9 Conclusion Fifth Report - Greening imports: a UK c… Acknowledged

In our view, the Government’s commitment to work with stakeholders to understand the potential impact...

In our view, the Government’s commitment to work with stakeholders to understand the potential impact of an EU CBAM on UK industry and ensure no unreasonable barriers to trade is welcome. Given the potential UK impacts, clarity is needed on how the Government intends to do this, and urgently, given … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government is actively engaging with the EU on their CBAM proposals through formal and informal channels and expects the EU CBAM to take into account the UK's carbon pricing.
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10 Conclusion Fifth Report - Greening imports: a UK c… Acknowledged

It is at present unclear how the proposed EU CBAM might impact the UK, particularly...

It is at present unclear how the proposed EU CBAM might impact the UK, particularly Northern Ireland, where electricity generators are currently under the scope of the EU’s ETS. We understand that this is a dynamic discussion which depends on wider continuing negotiation between the UK and EU, as well … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government is actively engaging with the EU on their CBAM proposals and will continue to engage with stakeholders and monitor developments closely to build a full understanding of the implication of the EU CBAM on the UK’s trading relationship with the EU, including with …
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11 Conclusion Fifth Report - Greening imports: a UK c… Acknowledged

The Government has committed to ensuring businesses do not face any unreasonable barriers to trade;...

The Government has committed to ensuring businesses do not face any unreasonable barriers to trade; further detail would be welcome on how it plans to work with stakeholders in the EU and UK to achieve this. Given that electricity generators in 48 Greening imports: a UK carbon border approach Northern … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government is actively engaging with the EU on their CBAM proposals through formal and informal channels and expects the EU CBAM to take into account the UK's carbon pricing.
Read full response →
12 Recommendation Fifth Report - Greening imports: a UK c… Acknowledged

The UK and EU have agreed to consider linking the UK and EU ETS systems,...

The UK and EU have agreed to consider linking the UK and EU ETS systems, which would exempt UK producers from the EU’s CBAM (and vice versa), simplifying administrative processes for UK-EU trade; as linking can be a lengthy process, it is important for exploratory work to commence on this … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states it is open to linking the UK ETS internationally in principle and is considering a range of options, and that cooperation and dialogue on carbon pricing will continue to be important.
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14 Conclusion Fifth Report - Greening imports: a UK c… Acknowledged

As the report of the Treasury’s Net Zero Review notes, there can be no one-size-fits-...

As the report of the Treasury’s Net Zero Review notes, there can be no one-size-fits- all mechanism to address carbon leakage risks. The UK’s carbon border approach needs to comprise a set of complementary policies, designed to drive industrial decarbonisation in the UK and globally. A CBAM will be an … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees that multilateral solutions are needed and is working internationally to promote carbon pricing and build a common understanding of carbon leakage risks, and announced its intention to consult on a range of carbon leakage mitigation options.
Read full response →
19 Conclusion Fifth Report - Greening imports: a UK c… Acknowledged

The UK’s carbon border approach needs to be aligned with the Government’s wider environmental policies,...

The UK’s carbon border approach needs to be aligned with the Government’s wider environmental policies, and integrated into trade, development and fiscal policy. The context for carbon border measures is not fixed, and CBAM in particular represents a new policy lever. It is important that the UK’s design for a … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the importance of aligning its approach to carbon leakage with its wider environmental, trade, development, and fiscal policy and will continue to engage with all the appropriate Cabinet Committees as it consults on a possible UK CBAM.
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Oral evidence sessions

3 sessions
Date Witnesses
23 Feb 2022 Mike Williams · HM Treasury, Rt Hon Lucy Frazer QC · HM Treasury View ↗
8 Dec 2021 Dr Richard Leese · Energy Intensive Users Group, Dr Scott Steedman · British Standards Institution, Fergus McReynolds · Make UK, Mr Pawel Kisielewski · CCm Technologies, Paul Dawson · RWE Supply & Trading GmbH, Richard Warren · UK Steel, Rich Woolley · Chemical Industries Association View ↗
24 Nov 2021 Domien Vangenechten · Third Generation Environmentalism (E3G), Dr Sanna Markkanen · Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership, Hannah Dillon · Zero Carbon Campaign, Michael Mehling · University of Strathclyde School of Law, Mike Thompson · Committee on Climate Change, Misato Sato · Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics, Sir Dieter Helm · University of Oxford View ↗

Who gave evidence

16 witnesses
WitnessOrganisationSessions
Domien Vangenechten · Policy Advisor - Industrial Decarbonisation Third Generation Environmentalism (E3G) 1
Dr Richard Leese · Chair Energy Intensive Users Group 1
Dr Sanna Markkanen · Research Programme Lead and Senior Analyst Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership 1
Dr Scott Steedman · Director-General, Standards British Standards Institution 1
Fergus McReynolds · Director of EU Affairs Make UK 1
Hannah Dillon · Head of Campaign Zero Carbon Campaign 1
Michael Mehling · Professor of Practice University of Strathclyde School of Law 1
Mike Thompson · Director of Analysis Committee on Climate Change 1
Mike Williams · Director, Business and International Tax HM Treasury 1
Misato Sato · Assistant Professorial Research Fellow Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics 1
Mr Pawel Kisielewski · Chief Executive Officer CCm Technologies 1
Paul Dawson · Head of Regulatory Affairs RWE Supply & Trading GmbH 1
Rich Woolley · Head of Energy and Climate Change Chemical Industries Association 1
Richard Warren · Head of Policy and External Affairs UK Steel 1
Rt Hon Lucy Frazer QC · Financial Secretary HM Treasury 1
Sir Dieter Helm · Professor of Economic Policy University of Oxford 1